In Yijing Village, Xuzhuang Town, Dali County, Weinan City, there is a section of LongshouQu ruins built in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total length of 3467 meters and an area of about 20,000 square meters. During the Republic of China period, when the Luohui Canal was built, it crossed the Tiexian Mountain from here, which basically coincided with the route of the Western Han Longshou Canal. On July 3, 2018, the site of this section of LongshouQu was included in the fourth batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units by the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government.
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On December 8, 2020, at the 71st Executive Council Meeting of the International Irrigation and Drainage Commission held in Morocco, the "Longshou Canal Luoluogu Irrigation District" in Shaanxi Province was successfully selected as a World Irrigation Engineering Heritage. From the third year of the Western Han Dynasty (120 BC) to the sixth year of the Yuan Feng (105 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted zhuang Xiongyi's suggestion and built a canal here, which was named "Longshou Canal" because of the discovery of keels.
On the morning of September 13, 2021, under the leadership of the unit leaders, my colleagues and I went to Dali County to visit the landscape left behind by the Luohui Canal Water Conservancy Project. First, we came to the east side of Yijing Village in Xuzhuang Town to visit the Hidden Silver Building and the sluice gate here.
Then, we walked about 300 meters north along the side of the middle trunk canal, and a newly built Yijing water distribution hub appeared, where the main trunk canal of the Luohui Canal was divided into the East Trunk Canal, the Middle Trunk Canal and the West Trunk Canal. Today, it still plays a role in irrigation, becoming the entrance to visit the Longshou Canal Luogu Irrigation District, and the wall next to it is written with loud propaganda slogans: Qianzai Longshou Ancient Rhyme, Hundred Years of Luo Huirun Qindong.
After passing through the Yijing Water Distribution Hub, along the main trunk canal of Luohui Canal, continue to the north for about 100 meters, and you can see a joint lock of Yijing. This is the intersection of the main canal and the main canal of the Luohui Canal in the Yellow Irrigation Area, and the water is replenished to the Luohui Canal to realize the joint scheduling of water resources.
After passing through the Yijing Joint Lock, about 30 meters to the north, the main trunk canal of the Luohui Canal forks, forming two channels towards the west side and the east side. About 100 meters behind, two nullahs extend into the culverts, forming a culvert through The Iron Sickle Mountain. Tie kamakor Mountain is a loess plateau that runs across the north of Dali County, because the appearance of this mound resembles a sickle and a rainbow, so it is commonly known as "Tie Kamakil Mountain" or "Changhong Ridge". It is an east-west multi-level terrace, which has been cut by flowing water for a long time, forming many ravines.
From 1934 to 1946, five tunnels were built on Tiekatsu Mountain, and water conservancy expert Li Yizhi gave them the names Chengyuan Cave, Futian Cave, Dayou Cave, Chaochuan Cave and Pingzhi Cave from north to south, implying irrigation of the five counties of Chengcheng, Pucheng, Dali, Chaoyi and Civilian. Among them, No. 5 Tunnel is the last water transmission tunnel of the main trunk canal, referred to as "Five Caves". Later, in order to commemorate the engineer Zhang Pingzhi who died in the line of duty, this cave was named "Pingzhi Cave".
The water inlet of Pingzhidong is located in Yangquangou, 200 meters north of Miaodi New Village, Yongfeng Town, Pucheng County, and is known locally as "Wudongkou". The outlet of Pingzhidong is located at the south entrance of the south cave 100 meters west of Yijing Village, Xuzhuang Town, Dali County, and is divided into two openings, east and west, and the two openings are about 40 meters apart. In 1994, in order to increase the flow of water, a branch hole on the east side was excavated, with a total length of about 1150 meters, named "Xinyuan Cave".
Above the exit of Pingzhidong on the west side, a narrow ravine can be seen, which is the remnants of the Western Han Dragon Head Canal. On November 7, 1983, it was announced by the Dali County People's Government as a county-level key cultural relics protection unit. Today, an old monument to the key cultural relics protection unit of Dali County is still erected here.
This area is the excavation remnants of the Village of Yijing in Tiekatsuzan to Yuanzhishan Village in Longshouqu, with a cross-sectional mouth width of 50 meters to 100 meters, a depth of about 30 meters wide, and a total length of about 1600 meters. In that year, when the Luohui Canal was being built, when tunnel No. 5 was excavated, in the working shafts no. 13, 16 and 18 of this ditch, a "human" glyph-shaped humber bracket and so-called "keel" fossils were found. Judging from this, this should be part of the site of longshouqu in the Western Han Dynasty, which provides physical data for studying the historical changes of Longshouqu and water conservancy construction in Weibei.