Text/ Chen Changfu, Huazhong Agricultural University, Zhou Xinjun, Wuhan Scientific Research Times Biotechnology Co., Ltd., You Jiuju, Bureau of Oceanography and Fisheries, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, Xia Fengfeng
Aquatic frontier network original report, there are many people who may be engaged in aquaculture industry or related industries through various channels to send information, ask us a question is, since the "national standard fishing medicine" packaging bag has been marked with the use of instructions including the use of drugs and dosage, aquatic animal practitioners and aquaculture practitioners in accordance with the use of the drug packaging bag on the instructions to use the drug can be, what is the need for aquaculture animal pathogenic organisms after completing the complex drug susceptibility test, What about deciding on the dosage of veterinary drugs for aquatic use?
The scientific knowledge involved in determining the dosage of veterinary drugs for aquatic products after completing drug susceptibility tests for pathogenic organisms of aquaculture animals is indeed more complex. We try to explain some of the scientific truths contained in it through such a small article, and according to our sincere experience in the process of insisting on doing this work for many years, it is indeed a relatively difficult thing to thoroughly explain to the vast number of aquaculture operators the principle and significance of drug susceptibility tests and other related issues.
Here, we would like to briefly explain the significance of susceptibility testing for pathogenic organisms of aquaculture animals by introducing the practical problems that have occurred in China's aquaculture industry.
01. The problem of drug residues has led to the damage to the reputation of China's aquatic products at home and abroad (food safety)
Due to the problem of drug residues such as chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, malachite chlorine and nitrofuran in China's aquaculture aquatic products, the quality and safety of China's farmed aquatic products have been widely concerned by public opinion, and directly lead to domestic and foreign aquatic product consumers, who have doubts about the quality and safety of China's aquaculture aquatic products.
At present, the problem of drug residues in farmed aquatic products has gone beyond the concerns of people in the aquaculture industry and has become a hot issue involving food hygiene and public safety. Just a few years ago, the farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) sold in Shanghai and other places was detected to have residues of nitrofuran and other drugs in the body, causing many places in China to take "banning" measures for turbot entering the market, and the result was not only directly led to a large number of slow sales of turbot in the main breeding area of turbot, but also suffered serious losses from farmers.
Another example is the aquatic products such as Litopenaeus vannamei and Ictalurus punetaus exported to Europe, which have led to the EU embargo on China's export of aquatic products due to the residual problem of drugs such as ciprofloxacin.
The problem of drug residues in farmed aquatic products has made Chinese consumers suspicious, and at the same time, it has also caused serious negative effects on the reputation of China's aquatic products in the international market.
In order to avoid the reputation of farmed aquatic products at home and abroad due to drug residue problems, it is necessary to find out the real cause of this problem. One of the fundamental reasons for the emergence of this problem is that for a long time, China has not really been able to meet the basic conditions for the scientific use of "national standard fishing drugs".
China's aquaculture industry will be plagued by three problems: how to accurately diagnose the disease; how to choose the right drug; how to determine the accurate dose, so that the drug can be used accurately.
However, the various diseases of aquaculture animals have become a bottleneck in the healthy development of the aquaculture industry, and the success or failure of the aquaculture industry is directly related to the living conditions of aquaculture operators and their families. When their carefully reared aquaculture animals develop some kind of serious disease, it is impossible for them to give up treatment without using any drugs. In the face of the mass death of aquaculture animals, they will certainly try to do everything in their power to rescue them. Therefore, so far, the blind and abuse of various drugs by aquaculture operators in the prevention and control of animal diseases in aquaculture in various parts of China is still common and is continuing.
The problem of drug residues in farmed aquatic products also occurs in this context!
In the face of aquaculture industry that suffers huge economic losses due to the mass death of aquaculture animals due to disease, as aquaculture technical guides and managers, if we just shout to them a few words of "scientific medication", "reduced medication", "precise medication", "antibiotic-free breeding"... Who is worthy of the slogan without taking scientific and effective concrete measures?
02. The lack of necessary scientific drug parameters is the main reason for the quality and environmental safety problems such as drug residues in China's aquaculture aquatic products
Pathogenic organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites that harm aquaculture animals, like pathogenic organisms that endanger humans and terrestrial farmed animals, will develop drug resistance to antibiotics and insecticides, and the resistance of various pathogenic organisms to drugs such as antibiotics and insecticides will gradually increase with the increase in the number of exposures to these drugs!
Has been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, allowed in China's aquaculture animal disease prevention and control more than 100 kinds of "national standard fishing drugs", in accordance with the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, veterinary drug production enterprises for each kind of "national standard fishing drugs" are produced in accordance with the unified formula and quality standards, each aquatic veterinary drug use instructions in the use of veterinary drugs and the use of the use of the national unified use of the use of the veterinary drug is also unified nationwide. The production of "national standard fishing drugs" in accordance with this unified standard may be correct and even necessary for the scientific and standardized management of veterinary drugs for aquatic products. Therefore, we have no intention of evaluating whether the management measures and methods implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on veterinary drugs for aquatic products are scientific.
The question we want to discuss here is whether the same drug treatment effect can be achieved when these "national standard fishing drugs" produced in accordance with the unified formula and quality standards are strictly followed in the dosage specified in the instructions of these drugs, and when they are used for the treatment of aquaculture animal diseases in different aquaculture areas in China.
As mentioned earlier in this article, any pathogenic organism will produce resistance to antibiotics and insecticides, and the generation of this resistance is continuous, which is an objective natural law. In different aquaculture areas in China, because aquaculture operators in the treatment of aquaculture animal diseases, the type and frequency of aquatic drugs used may be different, the result will inevitably lead to different breeding areas of pathogenic organisms, to a variety of aquatic veterinary drugs produced by the degree of drug resistance is different. Therefore, when people use "national standard fishing drugs" of the same quality and use the same dosage in the unified instructions to treat certain aquaculture animal diseases in different breeding areas, it is difficult to obtain the same effective drug treatment effect, and it is no longer difficult to understand.
To avoid the occurrence of this problem, the only correct and effective approach is to complete the sensitivity testing experiment of isolating the pathogenic organism to the "national standard fishing drug" on the basis of isolating and identifying the pathogenic organism in the diseased aquaculture animal, and select the appropriate "national standard fishing drug" according to the sensitivity of the pathogenic organism to various drugs, and determine the dosage of the "national standard fishing drug" according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measured. Under the premise of achieving the so-called "precision medication", a good effect of drug treatment of the disease is obtained.
We believe that the lack of necessary scientific drug parameters for the use of veterinary drugs for aquatic products by practicing veterinarians and aquaculture operators in China is the main reason for the quality and environmental safety problems such as drug residues in China's farmed aquatic products.
03. It takes a certain amount of time to complete the susceptibility test of the pathogenic organism, and the diseased aquatic animals cannot afford to wait, and the susceptibility test is meaningless
When we complete the introduction of the above content, some people have issued a question: the occurrence and epidemic of aquaculture animal diseases, with the characteristics of acute onset, short course of illness, rapid death, after the discovery of aquaculture animal diseases, it takes at least a few days to complete the process of isolation, purification of pathogenic organisms and drug sensitivity testing, and so on after the test results come out, the diseased fish have long been dead, is it meaningful to do such an experiment?
Oh, yes! Such doubts are really very reasonable! But why do we have to wait until after the occurrence of diseases in aquaculture animals to do monitoring for pathogenic biological resistance? If we cooperate with aquaculture operators, please in the process of completing the daily pond patrol work, if they find that individual infected individuals with blackened bodies and traveling alone in the farmed aquatic animals, they can be fished up and sent to the laboratory, and the laboratory technical operators can complete the isolation, purification and drug resistance testing of the pathogenic organisms, and record the resistance of their pathogenic organisms to different drugs, and once the farmed aquatic animals in these ponds have diseases, Veterinarians and aquaculturists in aquatic animal practice can immediately select the right medicine to use based on the results of documented drug susceptibility tests. In this way, can we really help farmers to achieve scientific and accurate use of medicine?
We have taken note of a problem in which some people have raised some questions and even made some derogatory remarks about the need to understand the sensitivity of aquatic animal pathogenic organisms to drugs before using aquatic veterinary drugs, as well as the construction of small laboratories for the detection of susceptibility of aquatic animal pathogenic biological drugs.
Before concluding this article, we sincerely ask these gentlemen or ladies who make such remarks, can you propose more scientific and effective techniques and methods to solve this problem? Are there better methods and technologies that can help us achieve the scientific and accurate use of "national standard fishing drugs", and help us achieve the use of "national standard fishing drugs" to more effectively treat various diseases of aquaculture animals raised in different aquaculture areas in China? Do you have better ways and technologies to help us achieve a state of reality that completely avoids the "flickering of the sale of veterinary drugs for aquatic products"?
Dear sir and lady, for some serious scientific problems in this world, if we only stand in the perspective of the bystander, do not study, do not study, but say a few irresponsible, innocuous, or even derogatory words, we will not be able to solve any scientific problems!
Therefore, we still warmly look forward to your joint efforts with us to achieve the goal of scientific, accurate and effective use of "national standard fishing medicine" in the treatment of aquaculture animal diseases.
The reason why we should insist on drug susceptibility testing for pathogenic organisms of aquaculture animals is to achieve the great goal of healthy, green and sustainable development of China's aquaculture industry.
The reason why we should insist on drug sensitivity testing for pathogenic organisms of aquaculture animals is to implement the "Animal Source Bacterial Resistance Monitoring Plan" promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in 2017.
The reason why we should insist on drug sensitivity testing for pathogenic organisms of aquaculture animals is to personally participate in the implementation of the "National Action Plan for Curbing Bacterial Drug Resistance (2016-2020)" jointly formulated by the National Health and Family Planning Commission and other 14 departments, to actively respond to the challenges brought by bacterial drug resistance, improve the scientific management level of antibacterial drugs, curb the development and spread of bacterial drug resistance, maintain the health of the people, and promote coordinated economic and social development.
All in all, adhering to the monitoring of pathogenic biological resistance in aquaculture animals is not only related to the effective drug treatment of various diseases of aquaculture animals, the monitoring and control of animal-derived bacterial resistance, but also related to whether human beings, who have entered the 21st century, can finally overcome the biggest crisis they are facing - the human health crisis caused by "superbugs". Therefore, insisting on drug sensitivity tests on pathogenic organisms is not only related to the health of the people, but also a very important scientific measure to ensure and promote the coordinated development of economy and society!
【Keywords】:Fish medicine aquatic aquaculture