Hi，inker们，HAPPY HALLOWEEN!
How are you going to spend Halloween? Ask your "dead ghost" to watch "Little 'Ghost' Home"?
Nestled at home waiting for an update from the Printers? ~
Anyway, this "ghost" weather, Xiaoyin will not go out ~
If you don't have a date today, you might as well listen to Xiaoyin talk about the exclusive ghost of ghost festival
NO.1
Ghost Evolution: China and the West are the same ancestors?
We may never "see ghosts" in our lives, but we often hear legends of ghosts.
So what exactly is a ghost? And where did it come from? No one seems to have ever looked into it.
Although Chinese and Western cultures are very different, in the face of "ghosts", everyone has a general consensus.
The understanding of "ghosts" by Chinese and Western people is similar, which means the reappearance of the soul after death.
Not only is the understanding of ghosts similar, but the portrayal of ghost image characteristics is basically the same.
They are generally pale, hideous, very frightening, and generally not good. They act sneaky and enjoy nocturnal activities for frightening amusement.
The culture of ghosts is very obvious in the development of human civilization, penetrating into painting, literature, history, politics, religion and many other human cultural activities.
The formation of ghosts is a public product of the stage of human development, and its cultural legends have developed and grown for two specific reasons.
via:@British Library
First, from ancient times to before the achievements of modern medicine, people have always lacked understanding of their own body structure, and the understanding of the spiritual world is even more lacking.
So the strange images that appear in the dream, such as dialogue and interaction with the dead, are enough to shock the ancestors of mankind. In addition, strange creatures that are not human or physical sometimes appear in the dream, and the existence of ghosts is also confirmed.
When they wake up, those people are gone, it is even more creepy, so the ancients believed that the soul is an entity independent of the body, after death, the soul will still be active in the world, and they appear repeatedly in the dream, then the soul must not die.
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In the minds of the ancients, the soul that still wanders after death is a "ghost", so the concept of the immortal soul gradually gave birth to the initial form of the ghost.
Ghosts, on the other hand, are human interpretations of things that nature cannot comprehend.
After human beings have become self-aware, they begin to gradually separate themselves from the natural world and begin their own social production activities. Nature has given many elements that human beings need to survive, and at the same time, they can also bring disasters to people.
In the face of these calamities, people have no way to escape, but they are afraid and afraid, so they gradually conjecture the idea of ghosts and gods that "all things have animities", ghosts and gods have likes and dislikes, and if they anger ghosts and gods, they will bring disasters to mankind.
In order to avoid encountering "ghost" weather, the ancestors had to make sacrifices to please the undead.
In addition, from a psychological point of view, the fear of darkness is also an important reason for the origin of the concept of ghosts.
In the dark, people are extremely insecure and have lost what they can refer to, and this sense of helplessness makes people think of a monster lurking in the darkness, that is, a ghost.
So the "ghosts", the "spiritual illusions", began their wandering journey in the human world.
NO.2
Ghosts, also have to accept social PUA?
Although chinese and Western ghosts have the same origin, their fates are somewhat different.
In China, ghost stories can be said to be uncontrained.
It seems that once a person is separated from the flesh, he is no longer bound by the discipline, etiquette, and the rule of law, and can freely love, marry, and seek revenge with impunity. It can be said that in these stories, it is more human nature.
In ancient Chinese Zhiwei novels, ghost stories occupy almost half of the country.
There are more than 400 ghost stories in the Song Dynasty documentary novel "Taiping Guangji", and "Liaozhai Zhiyi", commonly known as "The History of ghost foxes", is the king of short ghost stories.
In the more than 100 ghost stories of "Liaozhai Zhiyi", many ghosts of temperament were written. Pu Songling's ghosts no longer blindly show people in a terrible image, he highly aestheticized the ghosts, weakened them, and diluted the ghosts on the ghosts.
Pu Songling can be said to be extremely partial to female ghosts, and the female ghosts he writes about are generally good-looking and pure.
Among them, the one who is famous for her appearance is Nie Xiaoqian, a female ghost who died of illness at the age of eighteen. The book writes about her: "The muscles reflect the flowing light, and the delicacy is extraordinary." ”
Even Ning Caichen's mother was afraid of Nie Xiaoqian because she was a ghost, and she thought she was "cute and cute". Pu Songling uses the beauty of his appearance to reflect the beauty and goodness of the ghost's heart, so that the ghost has a rich human touch.
But they all had a miserable fate, and most of them died in the cardamom years.
For example, the beautiful and innocent young girl Dou Nu, who was seduced and toyed with by the landlord Nan Sanfu, abandoned, gave birth to an illegitimate child, and was beaten by her family to find Nan Sanfu, who closed the door and disappeared, so that Dou Nu and the baby froze to death outside the door.
After Nie Xiaoqian turned into a ghost, she was still controlled by the evil ghost, and even more became Zhang Aduan, who was also killed by the ghost again.
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The tragic encounters of the female ghosts in "Liaozhai Zhiyi" actually expose the harsh living environment of women in feudal society.
They are born in chains, and although they can take revenge and fight with their lovers after death, they look more free, but they may not be able to completely break free from the shackles.
In addition, Chinese ghost stories also connect ghosts with people's social life in large quantities, and the world of yang and hades seems to be little different.
Hades also use silver money, leisure and entertainment, sending ghosts, and ghosts can only enjoy the incense of their direct descendants, and cannot accept the sacrifices of people with foreign surnames, so it is very important to have a son.
These seemingly amusing principles of sacrifice actually spread the rules of etiquette. Dogma is cumbersome and difficult to understand, but if it becomes a popular story and is related to their own posthumous events, people will take it very seriously.
Most of the warning effects of ghost stories are also reflected in revenge stories.
For example, in the examination hall of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the sacrifice of summoning ghosts and gods was usually held the night before, this ceremony was to summon the ghosts who had a vendetta against the candidates to come to take revenge, and the soldiers shouted: "There is revenge for wrongs, and revenge for revenge." "Lead the way for ghosts."
It is said that during the Kangxi Dynasty, some candidates were forced to interrupt the examination because the examination paper was inexplicably split and flew to another venue on their own, and they failed to win the examination.
Letting the ghost of grievance try to obstruct the candidate in the examination room is actually an assessment of the candidate's virtue and eliminates the misbehavors in advance.
Letting the ghost do this layer of screening can be said to be very convenient and fast.
NO.3
Vampire, how did you become the lover of your dreams?
In the Western English-speaking world, the word corresponding to "ghost" is: "ghost".
Unlike China, the term is also commonly used to refer to demons and spirits, and its extension is extremely extensive, encompassing almost all supernatural phenomena.
But its most commonly used basic meaning is the spirit or soul of the dead, mostly in translucent form, showing the appearance of the deceased when he was alive.
According to the concept of Chinese, there are evil ghosts and good ghosts, which may be the souls of the ancestors that people worship, or they may be the lonely spirits of the seven souls and three spirits that are not complete.
In the English translation of the Western Christian classic Bible, the word "ghost" is not found, only "demon" and "satan".
In the Western concept, the word "ghost" is very taboo, in their eyes, ghosts are basically evil ghosts, they are small soldiers who are manipulated by demons to plague the human world.
The number of such evil spirits is large, the image is relatively thin, the way of behavior is relatively fixed, and they are basically the embodiment of evil and terror. Their faces are terrible, they will cause great harm to people, and they have no good intentions, and they will basically not be moved, but can only be eliminated.
In addition to these evil spirits, the most famous independent ghost figure in Christian culture is the vampire.
Vampires break with God, are synonymous with evil, and are monsters that need to be punished.
After the rise of fantasy literature, the vampires who choreographed the most stories gradually transformed into a synonym for romance, they represented eternal life and timeless love.
The popular ghost festival in the West, halloween, was originally a festival to drive away evil spirits.
At this time, the evil spirits who died at that time will use this opportunity to find a substitute to reborn in the yang, and the living people are afraid of being possessed by the evil spirits, and that night they will extinguish the candlelight and the fire, dress themselves up as demons and ghosts, and even dress up more ugly than the ghosts to scare away the evil spirits.
At the same time, in order to please the evil spirits, people also place delicious food in front of their homes for them to enjoy.
This is where the current Halloween masquerade and candy begging children for candy tradition comes from.
After Halloween was introduced to the United States, it became a national carnival festival, full of childlike fun and no taboos.
People subvert the spoof, make fun of ghosts, find fun, find excitement. The festive atmosphere is cheerful, festive and lively, even a little crazy.
When halloween itself in the West has long been entertained and hollowed out, Chinese ghost festivals such as: Shangwei Festival, Qingming Festival, July Half, Winter Clothing Festival, etc., still bear the function of remembering ancestors, are festivals dedicated to the dead, and are not entertaining.
In this way, although the ghosts on the earth come from the same origin, they have produced many different sorrows and joys!
bibliography:
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