Shenyang No. 5 Middle School Gate
Fifth Middle School stop sign
In today's Shenyang, there are only a few schools that can be called "century-old schools and century schools", located in Shenyang No. 5 Middle School in Dadong District, Shenyang City, which has been 116 years old until 2021. Flipping through the history of the Fifth Middle School and looking for the celebrities of the Fifth Middle School, time seems to flow back in an instant, and a modern history of Shenyang is like a statement in front of you.
Old place
Zhao Erxun, the last governor of the three eastern provinces of the Qing Dynasty, ordered the construction of the "Five Middle Schools"
The famous school of the Fifth Middle School was founded by the order of Zhao Erxun, the last governor of the three eastern provinces of the Qing Dynasty.
The year created in V is a sensitive juncture in China's modern history: 1905. At that time, the hundreds of thousands of troops of the two major imperialist powers of Japan and Russia set off a bloody storm on the northeast land, which is known in history as the "Russo-Japanese War." The Fifth Middle School broke through the ground in the turbulent years when the Chinese nation was full of disasters and difficulties and gave birth to new students.
After the failure of the Penghu Reform Law, the call for saving the country and trying to survive became louder and louder, and reforming the examination system and implementing school education became the common demand of people of insight at that time. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), many feudal officials jointly asked for the suspension of the imperial examination and the establishment of the school, which was approved by the Qing court. Since then, the imperial examination system, which has lasted for more than 1,300 years in Chinese history, has been abolished.
According to the "Fengtian Tongzhi", in September of the 31st year of Guangxu, on the orders of the general Zhao Ersun of Shengjing, more than 30 old houses of Tong Yushu, who was assisted by the Hutong of The Great Hutong outside shengjing, were rented as school buildings (now the site of the Fifth Middle School) and the Fengtian Ordinary School was opened, with Yang Xinshe as the supervisor (principal). In February of the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), it was renamed Fengtian Middle School, and the school system was five years, and Dai Yuchen, Zheng Dingchen, and Zou Dayong were successively supervised. In 1906, more than 80 additional school buildings were added. In 1909, 38 new buildings were built, and the original rent of Tong Yushu's house was returned. In the second year of Xuanun (1910), it was renamed Fengtian Provincial Chengzhong Middle School, and 38 buildings were continued to be built, and more than 50 official silver trumpets and private houses were added.
"Today, the road on the south side of the Fifth Middle School Gymnasium is still called 'Middle School Hall Road'. The Fifth Middle School stood out in the context of the gradual learning of the West and the East at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and was a modern school established from top to bottom, and the earliest school education was implemented in the northeast. Ge Lan, a teacher at the fifth middle school, introduced.
Zhao Erxun, the founder of the Fifth Middle School, was a jinshi during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, who was awarded the title of Hanlin Editor, and in the late Qing Dynasty, he successively served as the governor of Shanxi, the inspector of Shanxi, and the shangshu of Hubu. In the 38th year of Guangxu, Zhao Erxun was appointed as the general of Shengjing, whose status was equivalent to that of the later governor of the three eastern provinces. During his term of office, Zhao Erxun sorted out the finances, set up a finance bureau, minted silver dollars, founded the silver trumpets of the three eastern provinces, and issued paper money.
The Fifth Middle School once included Premier Zhou's juvenile study works
In May 1915, the Fengtian Book Distribution Publishing Institute published the "Fengtian Educational Products Exhibition Chinese Language Scores", which was a compilation of excellent articles on the Chinese language examinations of schools in Liaoning Province at that time, and 41 articles were selected for the Fengtian Provincial Chengzhong Middle School, of which the sixth class student Li Derun's article "Fengtian Provincial Middle School Opening Record" described in detail the situation when the school was first established in the winter of 1905.
At that time, the "Chinese Language Achievements", equivalent to the current excellent composition selections, included the compositions of many fifth middle school students, and also included a study by Zhou Enlai, who was studying in the sixth class of the Fengtian Dongguan Model Second Class Primary School at that time: "The Grand Speech of the Second Anniversary of the Dongguan Model School", leaving a precious historical record about the study career of Shencheng in the youth of Premier Zhou.
Li Derun's "Records of the Opening of Fengtian Provincial Middle School" is full of patriotic affection: "The vicissitudes of the sea, the boiling of the world, the world and the world, grinding teeth and claws, looking at each other with their eyes." And the situation is dangerous, a thousand shots. The rebellion of the north and Mongolia, the danger of manchuria in the south, britain and France and other countries all want to invade the Central Plains. There is a difference in the mountains and rivers, this real time is precarious, the people's hearts are fierce, can not help but look forward to it, Mu Ransi, and the crowd hopes that this graduate will also see the grandeur of the opening of the school, and because of the infinite vicissitudes of the movement. is for the record. ”
The first mayor of Shenyang, Zeng Youji, was a teacher at the Fifth Middle School
The Fengtian Ordinary School was initially established with a five-year study system, and the courses set up included classics, Chinese, foreign Chinese (including English and Eastern), history, geography, arithmetic, natural history, drawing, gymnastics, etc. In 1906, the school had 6 staff members and 11 teachers, and the first mayor in Shenyang's history, Zeng Youji, served as a school teacher.
Zeng Youji (1870-1936) Zi Jing, a native of Honglingbao in the south of Shenyang. In 1909, he was appointed as a school teacher and the president of the Fengtian Education Association. In 1923, he was the first mayor of the Fengtian Municipal Office (equivalent to the first mayor in the history of Shenyang) and the director of the Fengtian Electric Light Factory.
After Zeng Youji became mayor, he focused on rectifying the market, widening the roadbed, building painted roads, and opening up tram routes, all of which were vigorous and vigorous, and the scale of Fengtian City laid a solid foundation through Zeng Youji's keen reform.
Zeng Youji has cultivated a number of well-known figures in China's modern history, the most representative of which is Yang Yuting. Yang Yuting (1885-1929), formerly known as Yuting(玉亭), zi lingge (later changed to Lingge), 19-year-old Zhongxiucai, was admitted to the Fengtian Ordinary School (now Shenyang No. 5 Middle School) in 1905, went to Japan to study in 1906, and was the first student sent to Japan to study in Liaoning Province. After returning to China, he assisted Zhang Zuolin and vigorously revitalized industry and education, and founded a number of schools and mining machine factories. Yang Yuting successively served as an army general, Jiangsu governor and other important positions, and later because of differences in political views with Zhang Xueliang and opposing the "Northeast Yizhi", on January 10, 1929, Yang Yuting and his party colleague Chang Yinhuai were shot by Zhang Xueliang in the Tiger Hall of the Marshal's Mansion.
Modern Chinese celebrities who came out of the five
In March 1912, a series of education decrees such as the Interim Measures for General Education were promulgated, and education was reformed in the late Qing Dynasty, such as the transformation of schools into schools, the prohibition of old teaching materials, the co-education of primary schools, and the establishment of middle schools and vocational schools for girls. In 1913, the number of students in the old fifth middle school increased to 18 grades (classes), and in the same year, it was renamed Fengtian Provincial First Middle School, with 20 classes of students, reaching more than 800 people. At that time, the strength of the teachers of the Fifth Middle School was the largest in the whole Of Liaoning, and the teaching staff group was based on a number of outstanding educators and scholars such as Che Xiangchen, Jin Yudi, and Yan Shushi as the backbone core.
Che Xiangchen (1897-1971) was a famous educator and patriot in The Village of Donggujiafangshen, Faku County, Liaoning Province. In 1928, he served as an ethics teacher at the Fifth Middle School and participated in the "May Fourth Movement" that shocked China and foreign countries. Jin Yudian (1887-1962) character Jing'an, Liaoning Liaoyang County, Liaoning Province, the latter eight family members, a famous expert in literature and history. In 1916, he entered the Fifth Middle School as a history teacher. Yan Shushi (1905-1963) was a famous educator, composer and patriot of Shenyang. In 1928, Yan Shushi served as a mathematics teacher in the Fifth Middle School, and his representative work "Flowers in May" was sung all over the country and endured for a long time.
There are these well-known scholars and educators who teach orally, strict control, the elite of the fifth middle school students of that year, the grand talent of the world to the side of the eyes, of which Ma Erqin, Jin Enqi, Tong Boqian three five middle school graduates are the most outstanding. Among them, Jin Enqi (1894-1948) Character Zhechen, Liaoning Fushun people, graduates of the fifth middle school, in 1922, Jin Enqi and the famous national industrialist Zhang Zhiliang together founded the famous Bawangsi soda factory, and later served as the chairman of the Bawangsi Beer and Soda Company.
After the founding of New China, the development of the Five Middle Schools entered a new era
After the "918" incident, the Fifth Middle School was suspended for more than a year, and was reopened on April 1, 1933, enrolling a class of students. In 1935, two classes of students were recruited, a total of three classes, and in the same year, the school building was destroyed by fire and the school was closed. In 1937, it was re-established and renamed Fengtian Provincial Two-level Middle School. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, the school was renamed Liaoning Provincial No. 11 Middle School. In September 1946, it was changed to Shenyang Municipal No. 1 Middle School. On January 13, 1947, Shan Qinglin was appointed as the principal, and on February 19 of the same year, Guan Rongkun was appointed as the principal. In March 1949, it was changed to Shenyang No. 5 Middle School, with Wang Zhen, the mayor of Beiguan District, concurrently serving as the principal. From 1949 to 1953, Gao Feng served as the vice principal, and the school system was still junior high school and senior high school, with three years each.
In the early days of the founding of New China, since 1951, the Fifth Middle School has adopted a three-year system of junior high school and high school. Before 1966, students had to go through a rigorous admissions test. In 1966, the admissions examination system was abolished, and after the reopening of classes in 1968, students were admitted to the nearest school.
In the early 1950s, the teaching of the Fifth Middle School basically followed the old teaching methods, with the teachers in the class rigidly and mechanically speaking, and the students passively listening to the lectures, with little room for thinking. Later, the school organized all teachers to systematically study Kerov's "Pedagogy", and gradually used the spirit of Soviet pedagogy to teach.
In 1962, the Fifth Middle School was designated as a key middle school in the city. In 1963, the Ministry of Culture and Education of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee began the experiment of reforming the teaching method, classroom teaching emphasized intensive lectures and practice, inspired students' consciousness and enthusiasm for learning, and let students take the initiative to learn. The teaching staff of the school are allocated by the higher education administrative organ according to the size of the school and the actual needs, according to the establishment standards, and the main source of students is the distribution of graduates from colleges and universities and the transfer of other secondary schools. In 1954, the Fifth Middle School established a model aircraft sports team, and Teacher Zhao Zhiwu led the students to make various model aircraft, and won many awards in the district and city.
In June 1950, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out. At that time, many young students went to the Korean battlefield with the ambition and pride of defending their families and the country, and the graduates of the Fifth Middle School also actively applied for the military academy and joined the army. In the 50th class (a total of two graduating classes), 10 people were admitted to the Seventh Infantry School of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (then referred to as "Junda").
Yu Zhixian, a special writer of CCTV who wrote the long historical novel "Genghis Khan", Xu Guangrong, a national first-class writer, and Yin Zuoli, a member of the Liaoning Writers Association, were all graduates of the Fifth Middle School in this period.
According to the "Fengtian Tongzhi" record, Guangxu opened the Fengtian Ordinary School in September of the 31st year of Guangxu in the old residence of Tong Yushu (now the site of the Fifth Middle School) outside the Great North Gate according to the Great North Gate, and when the school was founded, more than 30 old houses of Tong Yushu were rented as school buildings, and more than 80 school buildings were added in 32 years of Guangxu. After a century, in 2002, the school was rebuilt on the basis of the original site, and the new fifth middle school covers an area of 59,600 square meters and a building area of 56,500 square meters. As an entity sample of the development history of modern basic education in Shenyang, Shenyang No. 5 Middle School has witnessed the century-long history of new education in Shenyang over the past hundred years, and also confirmed the vigorous development of basic education in Shenyang. Wang Xinyu, the current principal of Shenyang No. 5 Middle School, said that as a demonstration ordinary high school in Liaoning Province, Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Characteristic Experimental School, the fifth middle school that has been perfected by Bailing, has gone through vicissitudes without changing its original intention, and looks forward to the future with a broad educational vision and broad educational feelings.
Zhang Songwen, director of the Liaoshen Evening News, took photos