AN/MPQ-65 fire control radar
November 1, 2021
Contents
I. Overview
Second, the functional composition
III. Timeline
4. Mount platform
5. Upgrading
(1) Configure 3+/PDB8
(ii) Analog to digital
(iii) Additional upgrades
(iv) Integrated air defense systems
Deployment
7. Differences between AN/MPQ-53 and AN/MPQ-65
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > overview</h1>
The Patriot-3 missile system is a brand new air defense system developed by Lockheed Martin based on the Patriot-2 (PAC-2) system by improving the fire control system and replacing it with the new PAC-3 missile. It is one of the most advanced and offensive air defense missile systems in the world today, and it is also one of the key projects of the theater missile defense (TMD) system that the United States is currently stepping up to develop.
In addition to the missiles equipped with the system are constantly upgraded, the radar equipped with the system has also been improved many times, and the widely used "Patriot" system has been upgraded from the early AN/MPQ-53 radar to the AN/MPQ-65 radar, and the radar performance has been significantly improved. Both work in the G/H band, antenna aperture of 2.44 meters, antenna array elements 5161, the range coverage of 3-170km, search sector up to 90 °, tracking sector 120 °, the entire antenna device is mounted on a semi-trailer chassis.
Figure 1 AN/MPQ-65 radar
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > functional composition</h1>
The AN/MPQ-65 (PAC-3) operates in a C-band passive electronically scanned phased array radar mounted on an M860 semi-trailer. Under the Patriot PAC-3 program, the AN/MPQ-53 radar group has been replaced by the AN/MPQ-65. The upgraded AN/MPQ-65 radar group provides significant improvements in expanding search, threat detection, and identification and engagement capabilities. The radar search sector is enlarged, and the radar uses a second wave tube.
The AN/MPQ-53 phased array radar has functions such as search, detection, tracking and identification, missile tracking and guidance, and anti-electronic jamming. Radars are automatically controlled by a digital weapon control computer in the Combat Control Center via a data link. The radar can track up to 100 targets and provide missile guidance data to up to 9 missiles. The main difference between the AN/MPQ-65 radar and the former is that the latter adds a traveling-wave tube (TWT), which improves the search, detection and tracking capabilities of the radar.
AN/MPQ-65 (PAC-3) Under the PAC-3 program, the MPQ-5 radar group has been replaced by the MPQ-65. The MPQ-65 is a passive radar, which means it doesn't emit any signals, but instead collects signals edited from the aircraft. This allows the radar to remain undetected while tracking targets. The upgraded MPQ-65 radar can track up to 100 targets simultaneously. Baseline capabilities have been enhanced to better respond to developing threats such as mobile ballistic missiles, stealth cruise missiles, and aircraft. Using the C-band frequency, the radar has a range of more than 100 km and is also operated using the MSP-104 ESC. The AN/MPQ-65 radar uses a second traveling-wave tube (TWT), which assigns more search, detection, and tracking capabilities than the MPQ-53.
Figure 2 AN/MPQ-65 radar
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > timeline</h1>
2003: Initial combat capabilities of the AN/MPQ-65;
1985: Initial combat capability of the AN/MPQ-53.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > mount platform</h1>
PAC-3 anti-aircraft anti-missile missile system with PAC-3 missiles. The main contractor for the PAC-3 anti-aircraft and anti-missile missile system is Raytheon, which includes AN/MPQ-65 radar and PAC-2 missiles, while the PAC-3 missile was developed by Lockheed Martin. The PAC-3 system has a fire unit, or a missile company with basic configurations ::
AN/MPQ-53, AN/MPQ-65 radar 1
AN/MSQ-104, AN/MSQ-132 Combat Control Platform 1
OE-349 mast 1 set
AN/MSQ-24 EPP III power supply 1
M901, M902, M903 launch platform 8 sets
Figure 3 Patriot anti-aircraft anti-missile missile system
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > upgraded</h1>
The PAC-3 missiles( or MSE missiles) deployed a few years ago have been upgraded again, bringing greater range and more maneuverability thanks to more powerful rocket engines and larger tails. However, radar limitations prevented the PAC-3 MSE missile from making full use of it. Patriots are now undergoing system-wide upgrades, including radar improvements that will allow them to use the full capabilities of the PAC-3 MSE missile.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > configuration 3+/PDB8</h1>
An upgrade, called Post-Deployment Build 8 or PDB8, provides a more powerful radar for patriot forces by transitioning from analog to digital processing.
The Patriot's AN/MPQ-65 radar became the AN/MPQ-65A, increasing the range by approximately 30% and increasing processing speed. Nine of the Army's 15 Patriot battalions have been upgraded. Under PDB8, when a unit returns from a deployment, the device is typically replaced. However, some battalions have upgraded their equipment while overseas, as Holler did when he commanded the 35th ADA Brigade in South Korea at the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment and the 6th Battalion of the 52nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment. These camps were the first to undergo a PDB8 upgrade that began in 2017.
A forward upgrade of the same type of equipment was completed for the Patriot Battalion in Germany. In Japan, a battalion of patriots conducted a one-on-one exchange. It sent the equipment back to the United States and received modern equipment in return. Holler added that the Japanese battalion also received some newer equipment as a system for redeployment from the central area of command responsibility.
The next unit to be upgraded is the 1st Battalion of the 43rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery, which recently returned to Fort Bliss, Texas, after deployment to the United Arab Emirates. The force is scheduled to be recapitalized in fiscal year 2020, and its equipment has already been upgraded at the Letterkenny Army Depot in Pennsylvania.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > analog to digital</h1>
The Patriot unit is also upgrading its operator interface from analog to digital. The Patriot's operator interface is operated by three operators. The interface has two consoles, including a digital weapon control computer and three radio relay terminals.
The new digital display console replaces the old cathode ray tubes that have been used in the system for more than 50 years. Modern color consoles enhance the operator's situational awareness. These improved operator interfaces are stepping stones to future efforts, such as the Commander to Machine interface, a planned upgrade that will provide 3D displays and a fully modern and customizable graphical user interface.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > additional upgrades</h1>
Another upgrade is the first phase of combinatorial encryption modernization, which provides routers and connections on the operator interface console, allowing the use of confidential and unclassified internet on Patriot tactical sites. It also provides out-of-sight capability through patriot data information links, called PADIL, allowing units to separate and stay connected.
Prior to PDB8, patriot systems had difficulty identifying whether it was affected by advanced electronic countermeasures or AECM, which could lead to erroneous tracking and shooting at the wrong target. PDB8 AECM Mitigation now uses advanced algorithms to determine AECM attack patterns and remove error traces from operator scope.
Non-Cooperative Target Identification (NCTR) is being added to the system. Operators can now request additional combat identification information about the target, which will help prevent accidental injuries.
Full-mode 5 integration provides aircraft position data and provides more identification certainty when looking at aircraft at close ranges. The overall achievement of this upgrade is to maximize search capabilities and maximize the capabilities of the MSE interceptor.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > integrated air defense system</h1>
Patriot Battery is the Army's primary medium- to high-air defense system, or HIMAD system, and is expected to remain in service for at least another 20 years to defend against ballistic missiles and aircraft. Eventually the Patriots will be connected to an integrated air and missile defense operational command system called IBCS, which was developed by the Army's Future Command. In fact, IBCS is currently the number one priority for modernizing air defense. Limited user testing, or LUT, of the IBCS is scheduled for next spring at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The future Patriot radar, called the Lower Air Defense Missile Defense Sensor, or LTAMDS, will be compatible with IBCS and will be able to interface with all air defense systems.
The plan calls for the deployment of the first LTAMDS starting in 2022 and an incremental deployment plan for all 15 Patriot Battalions by 2031. The time it takes to upgrade all 15 battalions to LTAMD must have something that maximizes current interceptor capabilities and deals with advanced threats, and this upgrade is what it is.
Once IBCS is operational, multiple different types of sensors will provide fire control-level data for universal command and control systems, he said, adding all ADA systems from Terminal High Altitude Air Defense (THAAD) to Patriot or even short-range air defense systems. Long-range air defense systems or SHORAD systems will benefit.
With IFPC (Indirect Fire Protection Capability) missiles or Patriot missiles, or any combination of sensors and shooters. This will really give a lot of flexibility in how to use troops and will be able to optimize the right sensor for the right shooter.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > deployment</h1>
Germany, Greece, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Netherlands, Poland, Qatar, Romania (expected to deliver in 2019), Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, UAE and UNITED States.
Figure 4 AN/MPQ-65 radar
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the difference between AN/MPQ-53 and AN/MPQ-65</h1>
The AN/MPQ-53/65 Radar Cluster is a passive electronically scanned array radar equipped with Friend or Foe Identification (IFF), Electronic Countermeasures (ECCM), and Missile Tracking (TVM) guidance subsystems. The AN/MPQ-53 radar group supports PAC-2 units, while the AN/MPQ-65 radar group supports PAC-2 and PAC-3 units. The main difference between the two radars is the addition of a second traveling-wave tube (TWT), which enables the AN/MPQ−65 radar to enhance search, detection, and tracking capabilities. The radar antenna array consists of more than 5,000 elements that "deflect" the radar beam multiple times per second. The radar antenna array also contains an Identity or Enemy Identification (IFF) interrogator subsystem, a Missile Tracking (TVM) array, and at least one "SideLobe Eliminator" (SLC), a small array designed to reduce interference that may affect the radar. The Patriot's radar is a bit unusual because it's a "detected kill" system, which means that one unit performs all the search, identification, tracking, and engagement functions. This is in contrast to most SAM systems, where multiple different radars are required to perform all the functions required to detect and strike targets.
Compared to mobile dish antennas, the Patriot plane phased array radar produces a relatively narrow and highly flexible beam. This feature enables radar to detect small, fast targets such as ballistic missiles, or low-radar cross-sectional targets such as stealth aircraft or cruise missiles. The patriot radar's power and agility are also highly resistant to countermeasures, including the use of electronic countermeasures (ECMs), radar jamming, and radar alarm receiver (RWR) equipment. Patriot radar is capable of quickly changing frequencies to resist jamming.
The AN/MSQ-104 Combat Control Station (ECS) is the nerve center of the Patriot Launch Company and costs about $6 million each. The engagement control station consists of a bunker mounted on the M927 5-ton wagon or light medium tactical vehicle (LMTV) van van. The main subcomponents of the engagement control station are the weapons control computer (WCC), the data link terminal (DLT), the ultra-high frequency (UHF) communication array, the routing logic radio interface unit (RLRIU), and the human-machine interface as a system. Combat control stations are air-conditioned, pressurized (to resist chemical/biological attacks) and shielded from electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) or other such electromagnetic interference. The engagement control station also contains multiple SINCGARS radios to facilitate voice communication.
The weapons control computer is the main computer in the Patriot system, which has a 24-bit parallel military computer with fixed-point and floating-point capabilities. It is organized in a multiprocessor configuration and operates at a maximum clock rate of 6 MHz. This computer controls the operator interface, calculates missile interception algorithms, and provides limited troubleshooting. Compared to modern personal computers, its processing power is somewhat limited, although it has been upgraded several times during the service of the Patriots.
The data link terminal connects the engagement control station to the Patriot's launch station. It uses signal radios or fiber-optic cables to transmit encrypted data between the engagement control station and the transmitter. With distributed ledger technology, system operators can remotely place, rotate, or retract launchers, diagnose launchers or missiles, and launch missiles.
The UHF communication array consists of three UHF radio "stacks" and their associated patching and encryption devices. These radios are connected to the antennas of the OE-349 antenna mast group and are used to create an ULTRAF "lens" between the Sister Patriot battery and its associated ICC. This creates a secure real-time data network (called PADIL, patriot data information link) that gives the ICC centralized control of its subordinate emitting batteries.
The routing logical radio interface unit acts as the primary router for all data entering the belligerent control station. Routing logic radio interface units give a firepower company an address on the battalion data network and send/receive data from the entire battalion. It also "translates" data from weapons control computers to data link terminals, facilitating communication with transmitters.