Southern Song Dynasty Lotus Flower 24.8 cm in length and 25.5 cm in width, shanghai museum collection
After the social turmoil at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the abdication of Xuantong, many people have avoided chaos in Shanghai, and the collections of the palace, qing officials, and the collections of the former family have also come to Shanghai in a steady stream, and these people who come to Shanghai often sell their own collections to maintain their livelihoods, Pang Yuanji took advantage of this historic opportunity to acquire a number of famous calligraphy and paintings from all generations during this period, and the works of Guo Xi, Zhao Tuo, Li Song, Wang Yuan, Zhao Mengfu, Huang Gongwang, Wang Meng, Wu Zhen, Ni Zhan, Ke Jiusi, Fang Congyi and others were all in the collection. For example, Li Song's "West Lake Picture Scroll", Guo Xi's "Autumn Mountain Travel Map", Zhao Tuo's "Partridge Map", Zheng Sixiao's "Orchid Scroll", Zhao Mengjian's "Narcissus Scroll", etc., are all collected in this period, and although the number of famous works collected in this period cannot be compared with the previous book, the quality is not inferior. Sixteen years after the publication of the Catalogue of Famous Paintings of The Void Zhai, at the age of sixty-one, Pang Yuanji published the Continuation of the Famous Paintings of the Void Zhai (4 volumes, 1925), which recorded 200 famous paintings (including 6 addenda) collected during this period. He said in the preface: "Born not on the occasion, suitable for the change of the country, from then on Dumen Xieke, the day to the ancients as a companion, the taste of algae landscape, Pingzhang Zhen fake, but also to spend the years, send the rest of the year only", recording his own collection mood in this period.
Southern Song Dynasty Dounia 24.2 cm in length and 25.4 cm in width From the collection of the Palace Museum
Southern Song Dynasty Chen Qingbo Hushan ChunxiaoTu 25 cm in length and 26.7 cm in width The Collection of the Palace Museum
Song Zhao Zhao Partridge Diagram 88.2 cm in length and 53 cm in width Pang Laichen Old Collection Harada Oyama Collection in Japan
Before Pang Yuanji's death, the collections in his hands began to disperse one after another, and successively became the objects of collection by public and private institutions abroad. When outsiders buy ancient Chinese paintings, they often use the seal of "Virtual Zhai" as a proof of whether to purchase, which can know the impact of Pang Yuanji's collection on overseas. For example, Guo Xi's "Autumn Ji Diagram of Xishan Mountain", Li Shan's "Wind and Snow Pine", Gong Kai's "Zhongshan Travel Map", Qian Xuan's "Drawing of Coming Bird Gardenia", Wu Zhen's "Fisherman's Diagram", Shen Zhou's "Jiangcun Yule Map", Dong Qichang's "Antique Landscape" (Nelson Atkins Art Museum of the United States), Wang Yuanqi's "Imitation of Ni Zhan's Color landscape and water" (Cleveland Art Museum of the United States), etc., were all once false old collections, and were scattered overseas through various channels before the founding of the People's Republic of China. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Japan sent special personnel to the residence of Pang Yuanji in Nanxun to search for the ancient paintings in the collection, but Pang Yuanji had already transported them to the Shishuli Apartment on Chengdu Road in Shanghai, avoiding the evil consequences of the overall scattering of the virtual collection.
Yuan Qianxuan Bird Gardenia Figure 31.2cm× 95.4cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Yuan Wuzhen Fisherman Father Figure 29.7cm× 84.7cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai, Pang Yuanji died, before his death, he divided some of the family's famous paintings into three parts as an inheritance, which was continued to be collected and kept by posterity, and he made a will in 1943, called the "Gift Contract", and the third article of the will mentioned the distribution of the collection of the virtual Zhai: "The collection of calligraphy and paintings accumulated for fifty years was originally very large, and it was divided into three residences in Xunsu and Shanghai. After the 26th Sino-Japanese war in the Republic of China, The Xunsu Fell, and the post-disaster inspection was carried out to 78. The rest of his life's painstaking efforts and spirits were sent, and it was painful to think about this loss. Although it was slightly replenished after the war, it was very small. There are not a few people who are estimated to be displaced for charity and other things on weekdays", which records the basic situation of the scattered ancient paintings in the later years.
Ming Dong Qichang Antique Landscape 55.5 cm longitudinal and 34.5 cm horizontal Collection of the Nelson Atkins Art Museum in the United States
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the new republic attached great importance to the "virtual collection", and Zheng Zhenduo, director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, personally instructed the collection of "virtual collections". Entrusted by Xu Senyu of the Shanghai Cultural Management Commission, Xie Zhiliu twice purchased a number of famous relics from Pang Yuanji's son, Mr. Pang Bingli, in 1951, Dong Qichang's "Landscape Album", "West Lake Picture Scroll", "Yisong Picture Scroll", Ren Renfa's "Autumn Water Ridge Map Scroll", Zhou Chen's "Changxia Mountain Forest Map Scroll", Ni Zhan's "Xishan Map Axis", Qian Xuan's "Floating Jade Mountain Residence Map", Qiu Ying's "Liuxia Sleeping Bird Map", Tang Yin's "Ancient Maple Partridge Map", Wen Zhengming's "Shihu Qingsheng Map", Ke Jiusi's "Double Bamboo Map", Ni Zhan's "Map of Double Bamboo", Ni Zhan's "Map of Sleeping Birds under the Willow", Tang Yin's "Ancient Maple Partridge Map", Wen Zhengming's "Shihu Qingsheng Map", Ke Jiusi's "Double Bamboo Map", ni Zhan's ""Double Bamboo Map", ni Zhan's "". Wu Songchun Water Map" and "Yuzhuang Qiuji", Dai Jin's "Imitation Of Yan Wengui Landscape", Wang Mian's "Mo Mei Tu", etc. were all acquired and entered into the Shanghai Museum in these two times, and Pang Bingli also donated the silk work "Lotus Pond Milk Duck Diagram" of zhu Kerou of the Song Dynasty to the Shanghai Museum.
Yuan Ni Zhan Six Gentlemen Figure 64.3 longitudinal, 46.6 cm horizontal Shanghai Museum collection
Yuan Wang Mian "Mo Mei Tu"
In the autumn of 1952, Xu Senyu acquired the fine works owned by Pang Zenghe and others and entered them into the Shanghai Museum. Pang Bingli, Pang Zenghe and Pang Zengxiang jointly donated a number of cultural relics, including the famous "Lotus Pond Milk Duck Diagram", to the Shanghai Museum. In 1953, Zheng Zhenduo, director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, instructed Xu Senyu to collect some of the "Imaginary Zhai" collections for Beijing, the quantity and quality of which were considerable, among which were: Zhao Mengfu's "Xiushi Shulin Tu", Cao Zhibai's "Loose And Quiet", Ke Jiusi's "Qing Secret Cabinet Ink Bamboo Chart Axis", Yao Shuo's "Qiujiang Yuyin", Li Shida's "Three Camel Maps", Dong Qichang's "Landscape Scrolls of Gifting Jiaxuan", Chen Hongshou's "Plum Stone Butterfly Atlas", Yang Wencong's "Xianren Village Dock", Wang Shimin's "Landscape Atlas for Wu Shirui", and Jia Yan's "Stratum Stacked Mountains" , Gong Xian's "Qingliang And Green Map", Wu Li's "Proposed Wuzhen Xiashan Yuji Map", Wendian "Landscape Map Axis for Yu Fan", Shi Tao's "Landscape and Flower Album" and other famous relics.
Yuan Zhao Mengfu Xiushi Shulin Picture Scroll and Self-inscription Ink on Paper Length 24.5 cm Horizontal 62.8 cm Collection of the Palace Museum
Yuan Ke Jiusi Jinge Ink Bamboo Figure 58.5cm×132 .8cm Collection of the Palace Museum
In 1956, Jiangsu began to collect the collection of the Pang family, and after six years of friendly consultations between the two sides, Pang Zenghe, the grandson of Pang Yuanji, finally donated the ancient calligraphy and paintings in his family twice in 1959 and 1962, a total of 137 pieces (116 kinds, a total of 257 paintings), including the Northern Song Dynasty Zhao You's "Partridge Map", the Southern Song Dynasty Xia Jue's "Baqiao Wind and Snow", the Yuan Dynasty Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Daling Map", Wu Zhen's "Songquan Map", Ni Zhan's "Cong Huang Ancient Wood", ming Shen Zhou's "Dongzhuang Atlas", Qiu Ying's "Dressing Map", Wen Zhengming's "Fuchun Daling Map". "Ten Thousand Valleys Contending for Flow" and so on, that is, Pang Yuanji once collected a famous collection. The quantity and high quality of the donation to the Nanjing Museum have attracted the attention of the museum circles across the country. In 1953 and 1959, Pang Zenghe donated 39 kinds of cultural relics to the Suzhou Museum, including 34 kinds of calligraphy and painting. After the implementation of the policy after the Cultural Revolution, Pang Zenghe once again donated all the remaining collections of the virtual zhai issued to the Suzhou Museum.
Yuan Huang Gongwang Fuchun Daling Tu Pang Laichen Old Collection Nanjing Museum Collection
Yuan Wuzhen Songquan Tu Pang Laichen Old Collection Nanjing Museum Collection
According to the book "The Great Dictionary of Chinese Cultural Relics and Paintings", more than 40 of the famous paintings collected by Pang Yuanji from the five dynasties to the Qing Dynasty are included, of which 19 are in the collection of the Shanghai Museum and 18 in the Collection of the Palace Museum. For example, li song's "Picture Scroll of the West Lake" of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Di's "Map of The Snow Tree and Cold Birds", Yuan Ni Zhan's "Autumn Ji of Yuzhuang", Wang Meng's "Qingbian Hermitage Map", Ren Renfa's "Autumn Water Crane Map", Ming Tang Yin's "Spring Mountain Companion Map", etc., are the famous virtual old collections. According to the thirty-volume "Complete Collection of Chinese Art Classification" (1999 statistics) compiled by the Ancient Calligraphy and Painting Appraisal Group, it clearly includes more than 100 collections of Pang Yuanji in major museums, art galleries and other places. In addition to the famous paintings in the old collection of Xuanzhai that have been circulated abroad, the collections stored in the mainland are basically collected by major museums such as the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Nanjing Museum, the Shanghai Museum, and the Suzhou Museum.
Southern Song Dynasty Chen Rong Yunlong 112.5 cm in length and 48.5 cm in width Pang Laichen Old Collection Collection National Art Museum of China
Ming Tang Yin Shrubs Androcks 109.4 cm in length, 58.9 cm in the collection of Suzhou Museum
A generation of ancient painting collectors and their collections have risen and fallen in the tide of modern culture, with the ups and downs of traditional Chinese culture, the collection of Chinese paintings scattered, due to fate, spent an unstable historical time, leaving an unforgettable collection of shadows for future generations.
Source: "Collector" 201402 issue of "Famous Paintings Collected by Pang Laichen and Xuanzhai"
Author: Wan Dongqiang