After harvesting, mangoes will gradually sprout autumn buds and produce autumn shoots, and during the growth of autumn shoots, a variety of diseases and insect pests that like to eat young shoots will erupt.
It should be known that the autumn shoots of mangoes are the main fruit branches in the coming year, and if the autumn shoots are harmed by diseases and insect pests, it will hinder the accumulation of nutrients and affect the normal differentiation of flower buds, which will lead to the yield of mangoes in the coming year will also be affected.
Therefore, in the autumn shoots, we need to observe and prevent mango diseases and insect pests, we must find them as soon as possible, and take medicine as soon as possible.
There are 5 main types of insect pests we are talking about today:
Yellow-shelled insect (brown gill golden turtle)
Cut leaf weevil
Leaf gall mosquito
aphids
anthrax
<h1>1. Yellow-shelled insect (brown gill golden turtle).</h1>
Recently, a special number of fruit grower friends sent photos of mangoes being harmed by yellow shell insects at home, and everyone's situation is similar, at night, on the young shoots of mangoes, they are full of many yellow shell worms, densely packed.
How to control pests and diseases? The main thing is to know the characteristics of the corresponding diseases and insect pests, and then prescribe the right medicine to completely prevent and control them.
Biological characteristics of yellow shell insects:
Yellow-shelled insects are pseudo-dead, lurking during the day and only come out at night to move, copulate and lay eggs.
Eggs are scattered in wet soil of 15 to 20 cm, the average amount of eggs per female is about 30, the adult worm lays 10 to 20 days before spawning, the spawning period is about 15 days, and the adult worm is excavated when the soil temperature is higher than 10 degrees, and the excavation is stopped below this temperature.
The soil is moist, and the larvae migrate to the surface layer; the soil surface temperature is high and dry, and the larvae move downward.
Soil moisture content of 15% to 20%, soil temperature of 12 to 25 degrees is suitable for the development of eggs and larvae, topsoil is too dry or too wet, soil temperature is too high or too low, affect the hatching rate of eggs and the survival rate of young larvae.
How to use drugs for biological characteristics?
Prevention programmes:
Line of Defense 1:
The performance characteristics of the larval ovulation period were observed, mainly judged from the soil temperature and humidity, and the soil spray of chlorpyrifos was applied to kill the eggs in the budding state, and at the same time, it also had a control effect on the cotton bugs hiding in the grass.
Line of Defense 2:
There are slightly more than 5 cm of tender spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate in advance, accelerating the aging of the leaves, even if the adult worms come out and do not eat.
Line of Defense 3:
Spraying chlorine hydrogen poisoning ticks in the evening, or soaking the leaves directly, and dying after eating at night, can reduce the number of insect populations.
<h1>02. Cut leaf weevil</h1>
The leaf-cutting weevil will cut all the newly grown young leaves neatly, leaving only the base of the leaf, as if it had been cut off by scissors.
Prevention and control methods:
Usually, management combines weeding, fertilization, and control of winter shoots when turning over the pine garden soil to destroy the pupal site; during the mango pumping period, pay attention to the inspection of the orchard, once the plants that are damaged by the mango cut leaf weevil, it is necessary to collect the young leaves on the ground and burn them centrally to eliminate the insect eggs and reduce the source of the next generation of insects.
Ants and parasitic wasps are natural enemies of mango leaf-cutting weevils, and the natural population in the field is abundant, and conservation and utilization should be strengthened. Chickens are raised in orchards and can feed on larvae and pupae. This method can also treat pests such as leaf gall mosquitoes that have entered the soil to pupate.
Farmers should focus on spraying protection after the leaf age of the new shoots and young leaves is 5 d to prevent adults from laying eggs and killing the hatching larvae.
In the tender shoot stage, vibrate the branches before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 16 o'clock in the afternoon, and when it is found that there are an average of 3-5 adults per branch taking off, it is necessary to choose some insecticides with gastric toxicity and fumigation effect. In general, it is possible to spray high-efficiency cypermethrin, cypermethrin and other permethrin broad-spectrum insecticides, and it is recommended that you use heavy-tasting agents such as malathion and propyl bromophos to slow down pest resistance.
For the areas or plots where mango leaf-cutting weevils occur seriously, it is necessary to spray and control them from time to time by means of pick-and-treat or point treatment.
<h1>03. Leaf gall mosquito</h1>
Mango leaf gall mosquitoes use larvae to harm young shoots and young leaves, often causing dozens of galls, and the galls are round and water-soaked, slightly faded.
The larvae bite through the skin of young leaves and burrow into the leaf flesh, and the victim appears as a pale yellow spot, which then becomes grayish-white, and then appears brown and perforated, and the outer ring is yellow or pale green.
This insect prefers a warm, moist and shaded environment, so it is recommended that growers pay attention to the pruning of the canopy, keep the orchard ventilated and transparent, and ensure that the new shoots are concentrated and concentrated, which is convenient for unified control.
Before spring harvesting, or when the orchard is seriously damaged, the orchard can be weeded and loosened. It is recommended that the orchard that has already been endangered cut off in time and taken out of the orchard to burn it in a concentrated manner, so as not to provide the opportunity for the wound to invade other pests and diseases.
Focus on the extraction of 3-5 cm from the young leaves of the new shoots, and spray protection during the period before and after the unfolding of the young leaves to prevent adults from laying eggs and kill the hatching larvae. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row at 1 end stage.
Recommended agent: 5% avermectin 2000 times + 26% cyanopyridine 750 times + silicone 3000 times.
<h1>04, aphids</h1>
Aphids harm the young leaves of mango shoots, sucking sap, causing leaf curls and dead shoots, affecting the elongation of new shoots, and seriously causing new shoots to die.
In winter, prune the affected branches and branches with insects and eggs, especially the autumn and winter shoots that are affected, and reduce the population base of overwintering insects. Try to make the pumping consistent.
Aphids have many natural enemies, common ones are ladybugs, aphid-eating flies, grasshoppers, spiders, walking beetles and so on. Among them, there are more than 30 kinds of ladybugs, including four-spotted moon ladybugs, six-spotted ladybirds, ten-spotted large ladybirds, etc., pay attention to the protection of such natural enemies.
When aphids are widespread, they should be sprayed as soon as possible to kill and protect new shoots, flower spikes and young fruits.
Recommended agent: Fluorloramide + avermectin.
<h1>5. Anthrax</h1>
Anthrax can harm the young shoots of mangoes, causing them to have black spots, yellowing and curling, affecting the photosynthesis of mangoes and the growth of leaves to green.
If there is an onset center, early prevention and treatment, at the right time, use the right dose, you can also carry out secondary spray prevention and treatment of the center of severe disease.
Note: Avoid taking medicine at noon to avoid causing damage to young leaves and peels. Alternate use of agents to reduce the development of drug resistance.
Recommended agent: imidamin + 25% pyrazole ether ester (Note: imidamin alone in the treatment of mango anthrax is very effective, but some varieties (Tai Bud, Guifei, etc.) are very sensitive to this agent)
Another recommended agent is recommended for varieties sensitive to imidamin: phenoxymethazole + pyrazole ester.
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