Nankang carp lamp is an intangible cultural heritage of Jiangxi Province.
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<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > introduction</h1>
Nankang carp lamp first originated from the totem dance of primitive society, The legendary "Xia people take fish as totem" in China, and the image of fish in fish basins in the ruins of Xi'an Banpo. The matriarchal ethnic society of Banpo practices fish as a symbol, and many primitive totem patterns unearthed in yangshao culture also support the historical fact of using fish as a totem. Aquarium fish totem worship, derived from the ancient ancestors of the fishery life from the myth of the beautiful legend, rooted in the idea of the aquarium, preserved in its folk culture, its connotation is extremely rich, such as describing the relationship between man and fish: people jump to celebrate the harvest, husband and wife love like fish to get the water, looking forward to a good harvest new year a little fish (Yu) The fish on both ends of the roof ridge of the building, the hanging fish on both sides, the two colors of the relics in marriage, the entangled pisces, and so on, are the remnants of fish culture.
Carp lamp, unique and exquisite lamps, beautiful and simple dance, originated in Nankang, produced in the late Tang and early Song dynasties, has a history of more than 1,000 years. According to the county chronicle, it is one of the dragon lanterns, composed of a dragon head, eight carps, and a shrimp male, and is popular in the villages on both sides of the Zhangjiang River, and there are also houses and mountains along the Yujiang River, and the most popular is in the Area of Tankou.
Carp lamps are the most distinctive and the most exquisitely made. When playing, the dance scene changes the most. Such as "water on the water", "sewage", "water division", "garden flowers", "crane flowers", "jumping dragon gate", "drilling mud", "flipping waves", "swinging words", "incubation eggs", "flat flowers", "singles flowers", "double flowers", "fence flowers", "water grabbing", "chasing", "crossing the beach", etc., there are no less than dozens of species.
The carp lamp is not only the most colorful dance, the music is also the most beautiful and beautiful, the main tunes are: "one two three", "up the mountain tiger", "down the mountain tiger", "victory gate", "a branch of flowers", "underwater dragon", "underwater fish" and so on.
Carp lantern, ancient said to be able to "drive away evil spirits and blessings", "great auspiciousness", "Guotai Min'an", "wind and rain smooth", so go out to set off salutes, place incense cases to greet, after there are poems as evidence "The Central Plains lamp-shaped Hakka god, dancing lamp to worship the gods zuen, carrying a word card to the world, a thousand years as a guest lamp companion", carp lamp is famous at home and abroad, won wide acclaim.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > historical origins</h1>
Gannan carp lamp, originating in Nankang, is widely popular in the water towns of Jiangxi, there are: "Gandi for a long time, fish and dragons dance". Nankang carp lamp evolved earlier from the palace lamp, the palace lamp originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and spread throughout the Song Dynasty. In the Wuhu Chaohua and Tang Dynasty Anshi rebellions of the two Jin Dynasties, in order to escape the chaos and famine of the Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains immigrants who constantly entered Gannan brought the Central Plains culture into Gannan and integrated the indigenous cultures such as She and Yao to form a Hakka culture, and some of the rich Central Plains people or palace lamp artists also brought the palace lamp and palace lamp art into Gannan and combined it with the local folk paper art, so that the Hakka people have their own traditional crafts and characteristic traditional folk customs.
According to the "Chronicle of Nankang County" in the third year of Qing Daoguang, "Nankang is the land of Zhou Cheng's transformation, and the township where Yangming lectures is set up with many simple people, the soldiers are still angry and heavy on the scriptures, and the farmers are diligent and cultivate the mulberry." On the morning of the sixth day of the first month of each year, the patriarch leads his people to choose the auspicious day of the party to travel, plant candles and burn incense, worship the gods, thirst for ancestors, and worship the elders, retreat to congratulate their neighbors, and return to the elders and children to feast and drink The New Year wine. A few days before the First Yuan, the lights of various homes and cities were hung for fun, and the lights or paper-cutting and bamboo wire were especially prosperous on New Year's Eve. On that day, the people of Tongli Lane worshiped the gods as a society, because the painted paper was a boat, and the killing gathered to drink and drink to the fullest, it was the day of the auspicious, and the father only used the child to pass on the outside to learn.
In the long-term historical development process, Nankang carp lamp is more diverse and more connotative. The first word surname lamp appeared, to learn the lamp. The character surname lamp is because the pronunciation of "lamp" and "ding" is the same, which means "people Ding prosperous" in the family. The school lamp is a lamp prepared by the parents for their son to go to school, lit by the teacher, called "lighting or turning on the lamp" means "bright future". Then it is transformed from static lamp to dynamic lamp, evolving into a "dragon" lamp, symbolizing "Cailong Zhaoxiang" and "people's wealth and national strength", which is the prototype of the original Nankang carp lamp.
During the Two Song Dynasties, invaded by ethnic minorities in the north, the imperial court moved south, and groups of Han people moved to the Gansu, Fujian, and Guangdong Triangles, where they multiplied and lived, and carp lamps were also promoted in a large area. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, although the population of Gannan was drastically reduced due to the ravages of the Manchu iron hooves and the outbreak of plague, the development and influence of carp lamps became more and more great.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > main content and form</h1>
legend
According to legend, the Nankang carp lamp is inextricably linked to the tower culture. According to the "County Chronicle" qing tongzhi eleven years record: "Carp Mountain in the northeast of the county there is an ancient tower, open the county water mouth. "In the past, the grass was deep and forested, green and beautiful, standing on the banks of the river, the river water was clear, the wind and waves, the sparkling tower shadow, the harmony, the shape of the dragon jumping the waves." Nankang Carp Mountain Pagoda has no roof since ancient times, and the "County Chronicle" Qing Kangxi 49 years record that the late Tang Dynasty (Dongshan Wenfeng Pagoda collapsed and calculated, Wenfeng Pagoda was built in 988 in the first year of the Song Dynasty) on the bank of the Zhang River there was a carp essence that had been cultivated for many years, it wanted to become a "divine dragon", so it made waves when Zhangshui broke out every year, wanted to jump the "Dragon Gate" and "Jackie Chan", but unexpectedly brought endless floods to the people on both sides of the strait, and the people could not bear its harm, so they sued the government. After the official government inspected the situation, it was ordered to be skilled craftsmen to build a pagoda on Liyu Mountain to suppress the carp spirit (there are also legends that the Nankang Carp Mountain Pagoda has no roof, and the building is related to Yang's rescue of poverty, but there is no historical record). But the tower has never been built, and the flood has not been removed. Later, it was learned that the original tower was built on the body of the carp essence, and the fish tail was still on the edge of the zhang water, and it would still flip, so people imitated the dragon lamp and used bamboo to tie it into eight carp lamps and a shrimp lamp, so that it followed the dragon head and was named "nine nine long" (eight carp lamps, one shrimp lamp) to chase the dragon head into a god. Therefore, carp lamps have been passed down to this day, and the dragon heads are lamp by lamp.
performance
Nankang carp lamp, the performance is mainly based on the dragon head (Nankang carp lamp dragon head is the dragon head) Eight carp dance with the dragon head, and the shrimp lamp is independent or wandering around, the most free in the light team, the most lively performance. The performance is made up of laces such as Bailong, Panlong, Crossing, Shangshui, Fenshui, Pinglong, Pendulum, Tuanyou, Worship of the Lord, and Archway. The main actions are "side swing dragon", "carp on the water", "carp drilling mud", "water waves", "soaring dragon" jumping dragon gate and so on. These movement flower festivals show the living habits of aquatic beings, and their dance connotation truly reflects the labor life customs and folk ideals and beliefs of the ancestors of Gandi.
Nankang carp lamp music signs, the main tunes are: "one two three", "shangshan tiger", "victory gate", "underwater dragon", "underwater fish" and so on.
make
In the selection of materials, carp lamps use bamboo as raw materials, require 2 to 3 years of bamboo growth, and live in humid and sunny places. To choose the winter time to cut bamboo, bamboo knots are better to be sparse. In the drawing, the colors should be contrasted, exaggerated, and traditional local characteristics. In terms of carving, the production of "carp lamp" requires the use of knife, flat knife, carving knife and scissors at the same time, paying attention to variability, such as carving dragon heads, head with beads, body with the momentum, dazzling, shaking, exquisite workmanship, vivid image, lifelike. On the cable ties, the material should be delicate and smooth, and the joints have great flexibility and authenticity when put together. In short, "carp lamp" is a comprehensive artwork of a variety of techniques, a variety of crafts, a variety of decorative techniques, and a variety of materials.
The elderly carp lantern performance team, which is active in urban and rural areas, has fins painted in the shape of water patterns, reflecting the Hakka people's desire for water for Lai's survival. Yu: More than every year. Photography by Liu Wei
The hope of traditional culture, the next generation continues the blood of Han and Tang Chinese lanterns, carp lantern folk culture passed down from generation to generation, endlessly. Photography by Liu Wei
Nankang Carp Lantern performs on Cultural Heritage Day 2018 Photo by Huang Xuede