1.
In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, China suffered a crushing defeat, and under the pressure of the Japanese army, it had to sign the Treaty of Maguan with Japan, and since then China's position in the international community has begun to plummet. After the defeat of the war, China seems to have become the fat on the board of the Western powers. At this time, Cixi, who hated foreigners very much, wanted to use the Boxers to eradicate these foreigners, but this also completely ignited the fuse of the Eight-Power Alliance's war of aggression against China, and the Eight-Nation Alliance divided and plundered China in the name of suppressing the Boxers.
On January 27, 1900, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Italy, and Japan jointly sent a note to the Qing government, demanding that the Boxers be banned. On February 1, deutsche Bahn was surrounded and attacked by many people in Shandong, and at the insistence of many people, it finally destroyed the German railways. On February 14, the Germans announced that they would use force to suppress the people of Shandong. On March 13, Western powers held a naval demonstration in the Bohai Sea and said they would intervene in China by force. On April 6, British, American, German, and French envoys simultaneously sent a note to the Qing government, restricting the Qing government to scrap the Boxers in February, otherwise they would directly send the land and water armies to the provinces of Zhi and Lu to suppress the Boxers on behalf of the Qing government. On May 28, 1900, Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formally decided at a meeting of ministers to China to send an eight-power coalition to suppress the Boxers, and sent troops in Beijing in the name of "defending the embassy".
From May 30 to June 2, 1900, more than 400 soldiers of the Eight Marines traveled by train from Tianjin to Beijing and entered Dongjiaomin Lane. On May 31, foreign embassies in Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, in the name of needing enhanced protection. Britain, Russia, France, the United States, Italy, and Japan had a reason to send 349 sailors and marines from Tianjin to land, and after the Eight-Power Coalition army arrived in Beijing on the night of the train, the countries began to increase their troops to China one after another, and the 24 warships of various countries gathered outside the Dagu Pass, and the number of eight-nation coalition troops gathered in the Tianjin Concession at this time reached more than 2,000.
At the same time, it was invaded by eight countries and divided and plundered China, and this humiliation cannot be forgotten.
On June 10, external communications at the Beijing Embassy were cut off. After the meeting, the consuls and admirals of Tianjin negotiated the formation of allies, allowing Seymour, a British admiral, to take a train to Beijing the day after the meeting. The fortifications built by the embassies in Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, were resisted by the British Minister Plenipotentiary Dou Nale.
2.
From June 14 to 18, the Eight-Nation Alliance was surrounded by brave Boxers in the areas of Langfang, Luodai, and Yangcun, and faced with the allied forces armed with guns and explosives, the Boxers did not flinch, heroically killed the enemy, and used their flesh and blood to fight against these armed Eight-Nation Alliances. In mid-June, under the command of the Russian admiral, the great powers and navies attacked the Dagukou Fort together, but they were resolutely resisted by our defenders, according to statistics, the Qing army sank 6 enemy ships and killed and wounded more than 200 enemy troops. The defender Luo Glory was unfortunately shot and killed in this defensive battle, and the Qing army still struggled to hold on to the Dagu Fort despite losing its command. It is reported that Cixi held a royal council on the same day to dissolve the boxers.
After the fall of Dagukou, thousands of Russian, British, German, and American reinforcements invaded the Zizhulin Concession on the west bank of the Haihe River in Tianjin and launched a fierce attack on the city of Tianjin and its surroundings, and the Boxers fought hard to resist and joined the current round of Tianjin defense. On August 14, Beijing fell. The morning after the fall of Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi fled in a hurry with the Guangxu Emperor. After the Eight-Power Alliance invaded the capital, it quelled the siege of the Boxers, so that the Boxers had to temporarily withdraw from beijing and go to other places to resist the invaders. During her exile, Empress Dowager Cixi did not forget to instruct Li Hongzhang to negotiate peace with these eight powers as plenipotentiary representative of the Eight Kingdoms, and issued an order to completely eradicate the Boxers. On August 17, 1900, the Eight-Power Coalition captured Beijing, and according to statistics, the real strength of the Eight-Power Alliance was 220,000 at its peak. Although the coalition forces still had 170,000 Russian soldiers fighting in the northeast, Beijing eventually fell. The Eight-Power Coalition lost 1,000 casualties in the Siege of Beijing, while the Qing army lost 4,000. On August 28, the Eight-Power Coalition openly held a military parade in the Imperial Palace, when the National Anthems of the Forbidden City sounded. China has been severely insulted. According to the diaries and post-war memoirs of the generals of the Eight-Power Alliance at that time, after occupying Tianjin, the Eight-Power Alliance gathered a total of about 16,000 troops and then traveled from Tianjin to Beijing. It was with these forces that after 10 days of engagement with the Qing army, they rushed to capture Beijing. After arriving at the palace, the officers of various countries began to rob in a frenzied manner, reaching out for those they liked, and setting fire to those who could not take them, and their deeds could only be described as crazy. At this time, Cixi ran away like oil on the soles of her feet, leaving a mess of stalls.
After the Eight-Power Alliance occupied Beijing, it began to send troops to capture the surrounding cities. In September, the Russian army captured Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan, and mobilized a huge number of troops to begin a military occupation of the northeast region. By mid-October, the German commander Wadsi led 30,000 troops to China and continued to capture Baoding, Zhangjiakou and other places in Hebei. On December 22, the envoys of Britain, Russia, Germany, the United States, France, Japan, Italy, Austria, Spain, the Netherlands, and Belgium jointly proposed to Yi Xi and Li Hongzhang twelve "Outline of Discussion and Peace". Under the diplomatic coercion of imperialism, the Qing government had to agree to accept it on December 27. At the same time, it also laid the foundation for the signing of the "Xinugu Treaty" that soon lost power and humiliated the country.
3.
During the eight-power alliance's invasion of China, the great powers burned and looted in China and did all kinds of bad things. According to an exposé written by the American writer Mark Twain, in Renqiu County, Hebei Province, an American Christian missionary named Mei Ziming killed 680 innocent Chinese peasants under the slogan of "using human heads to meet human heads." A Russian journalist named Yonchevetsky wrote of the Battle of Tianjin in the "Eyewitness of the Eight-Power Alliance": "For five hours Chinese I was crushed in the mud by the allied artillery fire and could not move. This tells us that if a country is backward, it will be beaten, and only when the country is strong can the people speak with dignity.
Under the gunfire of the Eight-Power Alliance, the sky over China was always shrouded in gun smoke. These eight-power coalitions not only burned down the precious cultural property of the Yuanmingyuan, but also took the lives of more than 100,000 people in China. Today, nearly 130 years after the Eight-Power Alliance invaded China, there is a Chinese saying that "thirty years of Hedong, thirty years of Hexi." With the advance of the wheel of history, China gradually became stronger, and the Eight-Nation Alliance that invaded China at that time, five of which declined, and one country was destroyed. It is understood that the Austro-Hungarian Empire quickly went to extinction shortly after invading China. Founded in 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, due to the rapid development of its economy, ranked fifth in Europe alongside Britain, France, Germany and Russia. Soon after, however, the Austro-Hungarian Empire developed aggressive ambitions. In 1914, under the instructions of Archduke Ferdinand, the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to declare war on Serbia, but it was never defeated by Serbia, and after four years of defeat, the Austro-Hungarian Empire split into Four Countries: Hungary, Austria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Although Britain has a glorious history in the history of the world, it once called itself the "Empire of the Sun Never Sets". But after the end of World War II, Britain's power began to decline sharply, and now it is a vassal of the United States. Today, Italy's position in the international community is also very embarrassing, and the only thing that can be remembered should be pasta. In addition to these two countries, Russia, Germany and France are not developing strongly. In contrast, the United States and Japan have made enough money. National strength determines its position in the international community, and today, with different times, China has struggled and strengthened itself in humiliation, becoming the world's second largest economic block. I believe that in the near future, China will continue to get better and better.