I. Overview of the layout of the Yanjin bandits before liberation
Before March 1949, before the arrival of the troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army advancing into the Great Northwest, the remnants of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang vainly wanted to establish a command structure in the mountains of the southwest, launch a guerrilla war against the people, shelter local bullies, bandits, and secret agents, and recruit reactionary Daomen leaders and backbones of reactionary party groups, and take advantage of the favorable terrain on the southwest border to make a final dying struggle.
Hu Zongnan's Commander of the 27th Army, Liu Menglian, and the 34th Division Commander Ouyang Daguang, who collected the remnants of the bandits, colluded with Tong Dengwen, a large bandit in Weining, Guizhou, and formed a four-sided encirclement of Yanjin.
Chiang Kai-shek appointed Tian Dongyun, commander of the Kuomintang Major General Traffic Police Corps, as the director of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, and he was stationed in The Sichuan Junlian, where he had more than 1,900 remnants and more than 1,000 guns, and set up a new special action team, making himself the commander of the army, with eight columns under him, and carrying out activities with more than 1,800 bandits in the company.
Chiang Kai-shek also appointed Zheng Jingwei, another traffic police chief of the Kuomintang major general, as commander-in-chief of the first column of the People's Anti-Communist Self-Defense and National Salvation Army in southern Sichuan, with two headquarters and 10 corps, with more than 10,000 people, threatening Yanjin in the east.
At the beachhead of Yanjin, the troops of Chen Chao and Cheng Yunpeng, commanders of the Kuomintang 72nd Army, were entrenched in Suijiang, Leibo, Yibin, and Hengjiang, colluding with Jiang Yingzhou, a big bandit in Pu'er, posing a great threat to the liberation of Yanjin.
Jiang Shuqing, the leader of the road guard brigade and the commander of the column from Hengjiang to Yibin, was entrenched in Xinglongchang in Gaoxian County, Sichuan. Zhang Shusan and Tang Xiaochu, subordinates of Jiang Yingzhou, gathered on the transportation lines such as Daguan Jilipu and Gaoqiao in the southwest of Yanjin.
In Yanjin County, there are two forces, Jiang Yingzhou and Zhang Dan. Jiang Yingzhou was originally exiled from Yibin, Sichuan to Pu'erdu in Yanjin, and was a bandit leader who killed his master and won the "Uncle Tojo". Relying on the dangerous section of the Pu'er-Yunnan River Highway to obstruct traffic, he then became the leader of the Kuomintang Jingtan guerrilla brigade and the leader of the road protection brigade, and had jurisdiction over the chief of the road guard from the junction of Huize in the south to Yibin in the north. Over the past 40 years, Jiang Yingzhou has speculated and provoked people, killed and robbed people, and has become a major tumor and demon that maimed the people of Yanjin.
The hinterland of Yanjin and the southwestern region are the sphere of influence of the great bandit Jiang Yingzhou, and on the northeast border of Yanjin there are Tian Dongyun bandits who are closely related to Zhang Dan, and on the northwest border there are Jiang Shuqing, Chen Chao, Cheng Yunpeng and other bandits, with more than 2,000 bandits. Various bandit groups collude with each other and spread rumors everywhere to confuse the masses and undermine the prestige of the people's government and the People's Liberation Army among the masses. They opened warehouses to rob grain, expanded their armaments, and held the people hostage, so that the people could not live a stable life.
Zhang Shan placed Zhou Shilong's secret squadron on a mountain near the county seat. Zhou Shilong also worked with Tian Dongyun, Wang Peicong, and other bandits to control Niuzhai, the only way from Junlian to Yanjin County, and Wang Peicong also arranged for the 9th Company of the 3rd Battalion to be stationed in Niuzhai for a long time. In the Baogu Field near Daguan was Wu Kun, the captain of Jiang Yingzhou's subordinates, who led a gang of more than 30 bandits to occupy it.
Second, the preparations of our People's Liberation Army before suppressing bandits
In late October 1949, the Northeast Yunnan Prefectural Committee decided to establish the Yongsui County Working Committee of the CPC and instructed the YONGsui Working Committee of the CPC Chinese to reorganize the people's armed forces.
On December 10, 1949, the Yanjin County People's Automatic Liberation Committee was established, announcing the liberation of the whole county, breaking away from the Kuomintang reactionary government, and electing propagandists to go to various townships and towns to publicize the policies of the Central People's Government and welcome the arrival of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. In late December, the Yongsui Dabian Guerrilla Force was formally established in Yongshan Ma Nan and began preparations for the liberation of Daguan.
On January 17, 1950, the Yanjin County Working Committee and the Yongsui County Working Committee held a joint meeting at the home of Guo Ao, the county seat of Daguan County, and the Yanjin County Working Committee of Mak Rang, Guo Ao, Chen Lianhe, Zhang Jiazhu, Kong Fanlin, Jiang Yongbin, Hu Renhui, Wang Changji, and Zhou Jinguo of the Yongsui County Working Committee attended the meeting. The meeting decided that the troops should withdraw from the county seat of Daguan County, move to Dawanzi and Tianxingchang and march southward, and in case of unfavorable situation, retreat to Junlian County to join the field army; the meeting also decided that the political work teams formed by various counties should operate together with the guerrillas.
III. The Kuomintang's Strict Preventive Measures
The establishment of the Yongsui Dabian guerrilla group and the armed movement to liberate the county seat of Daguan Attracted the attention of An Junsan, the Kuomintang's Zhaotong Garrison Command. At 6:00 p.m. on January 20, 1950, An Junsan sent a telegram to Zhang Dan, the governor of Yanjin County of the Kuomintang, saying: "Under the guise of the Yongkun detachment, Jiang Yongbin, under the guise of the Yongkun detachment, pretended to be the leader of the regiment, gathered hundreds of people to sneak into Daguan, forcibly raised township guns, raided the county seat, destroyed the county government archives, and detained civil servants and gentry for all kinds of illegal acts. Now the commander of the Kang Regiment Wang Brigade, the Tong Regiment and a battalion of the Tong Regiment encircled and suppressed them in separate ways, and immediately transferred to the Yingzhou Department of Jiangsu, quickly dispatched two or three hundred people, and strictly gambled and suppressed in the area of Jilipu and Doushaguan, so as not to let the escape be the most important. ”
On January 22, 1950, Guo Ao of the Yanjin County Working Committee received information: Zhaotong Kuomintang Commissioner Kuomintang Commissioner An Chunsan had sent troops to besiege the Yongsui Dabian guerrillas, and had reached the Jade Bowl in Daguan County. Upon learning of this news, in the evening of the same day, the Yongsui Dabian guerrillas immediately withdrew from The county seat of Daguan county and prepared to move to Sichuan Junlian. However, when the Yongsui Work Committee and the guerrillas were taking the road from Yuntai Mountain to Xiaoguanxi, they heard that the enemy was stationed in the front of Jilipu, the road was blocked, and An Junsan's troops had reached Dawanzi, at this time, the Yanjin guerrillas had withdrawn. In this extremely urgent situation, the Yongsui Dabian guerrillas changed course from Xiaoguanxi and passed through the Dry Ding Pass to the Muzhi River. On the 23rd, when the troops reached the Muzhi River, they were suddenly attacked by The Armed Forces of Xiang Shukai, and as a result, under the cover of Su Lianbing's squadron, the Yongsui Work Committee and the main guerrilla force were safely transferred to Yihezhuang in Walnut Ping, Yanjin County.
On the same day, An Chunsan again sent a report to Zhang Dan, granting zhang dan military command of the three counties of Yanjin, Daguan, and Yiliang, and he said in a telegram that all the troops in the guerrilla zone were under Zhang Dan's command. After Receiving the telegram, Zhang Shan immediately launched a siege and blockade of the guerrillas.
On the morning of January 24, 1950, the Yongsui Dabian guerrillas crossed the Guanhe River through Bali and arrived at Luoyan at noon, where they were warmly welcomed by the local people and students.
After the Yongsui Dabian guerrillas arrived at Luoyan, they believed that the mass base of Luoyan was relatively good, the terrain was difficult to attack and easy to defend, and made specific analysis and deployment according to the enemy's situation: The first squadron was stationed in the Luoyan patio, and the task was to cover the retreat of the troops to the direction of the patio according to the changes in the situation; the second squadron stationed in Lingguanyan, with the task of preventing the bandit troops from jiangyingzhou from attacking from the direction of Pu'erdu; the third squadron stationed in Liangfeng Pass, with the task of preventing the attack of the bandit soldiers of the Kuomintang county magistrate Zhang Shan; and the large unit stationed on Luoyan Street. They were on standby to obey the dispatch and command of their superiors; the political work team went to the countryside to carry out propaganda activities and win the great support of the masses of the people for the cause of the liberation of Yanjin.
On the evening of 24 January, Zhang Dan, the governor of Yanjin County of the Kuomintang, issued a secret order to Theodore (Luoyan Township) township chief, Ou Pei: "According to Jiang Yingzhou's report, more than 200 of Jiang Yongbin's troops and more than 200 guns were entering the territory of the county from the Muzhi River yesterday. The Kuomintang and the Dixiang government, Euro Pei, Yuan Haibo, and Nie Chengxuan, played a two-faced trick between Zhang Dan and the guerrillas; on the one hand, they secretly reported the deployment of the guerrilla forces to Zhang Dan on the 25th, and on the other hand, Dai Kaiyuan, a political worker of the Dabian guerrilla group in Yongsui, relayed Zhang Dan's secret order to the guerrilla leader Jiang Yongbin.
Li Biguang, the head of the Kuomintang's Aitian Renli Township (present-day Aitian Village), also made an emergency report to Zhang Shan on January 25. Li Biguang said: Yan Peilin, the chief of the Fourth Guarantee of Hongxiang, claimed that on the evening of 24 January, several hundred members of the armed plainclothes unit suddenly rebelled in Hongbao, saying that the PLA propaganda team had gone to Yunlian to contact and passed through various places without committing any crimes; and li Ruhan, the commander of the Fifth Guarantee, claimed that on the evening of January 24, there were hundreds of armed forces living in Yihezhuang and other places in Walnut Ping, saying that the troops of the plaster regimental commander Jiang Regiment of the People's Liberation Army had gone to Junlian, including Pu Haoran, a member of the county propaganda team, who led the way and went to Bali to cross the river at dawn on January 25; after I sent people to follow up and investigate. It is true that a force of more than 300 people and more than 300 guns passed through the territory of Sibao and Wubao in Aitian Renli Township on the evening of January 24, and crossed the Bali River at about 7 o'clock in the morning of January 25, asking Zhang County's governor Mingjian to verify and handle it.
4. Zhang Shan besieged the guerrillas
Zhang Dan, the kuomintang county magistrate of Yanjin County, learned of the intelligence in various places and finally made the decision to besiege the guerrillas. On January 26, 1950, Zhang Dan, as commander, issued an order to the Hedi, Anle, Yonghe, and Standing Squadrons: to find out where Jiang Yongbin's troops were located and the situation in the Dixiang Luoyan Field, and to prepare to encircle and attack; and the first team quickly gathered to occupy various key points to encircle and advance towards Jiang Yongbin's troops; the Yonghe team quickly gathered and took the road to Luoyan in order to encircle and attack Jiang Yongbin's troops; the Anle team quickly gathered to advance towards the first key point, and also facilitated the encirclement and attack of Jiang Yongbin's troops The troops must advance courageously. After receiving Zhang Dan's order, Europei instructed Yuan Haibo to besiege the PLA troops in accordance with Zhang Dan's secret orders.
On the morning of 27 January 1949, the leaders of the guerrilla unit of the People's Liberation Army, Kong Fanlin, Jiang Yongbin, Hu Renhui, Wang Changji, and Kuang Mingcong, were holding a meeting of squadron cadres, and the bandit leader Jiang Yingzhou sent a special person to send a letter to the guerrillas, saying: "Zhang Shan asked our troops to attack you, and I am not willing to make enemies with the guerrillas, and I am afraid that Zhang Shan will blame them, and my troops have already set out, but they will not fight, so please concentrate your forces on dealing with Zhang Dan and contact them to avoid misunderstanding." After receiving this situation, Jiang Yongbin sent people to Lingguanyan to understand the enemy's situation and informed the second and third squadrons to return to the street and withdraw in a concentrated manner. However, before the troops were concentrated, gunshots were fired on Luoyan Street, and Zhang Dan's standing army squadron leader Zhou Shilong and Wei Shaoyin bandits of more than 100 people, led by Chen Zhengguo, broke through the post of the guerrilla group in Quanziwan and surrounded Luoyan Street in the east, west, and south. Yuan Haibo led the team to attack from the northeast corner, and the detachment sent by Jiang Yingzhou went to Gantianzi to hide and stand by.
Zhou Hejun, the leader of the third squadron of the guerrilla group, led some of the retreating fighters, using street houses as cover to intercept the enemy, and then moved with the brigade to break through the siege. Instructor Li Yuanchang led more than 10 fighters to cut off the enemy's rear road, and when they reached Ji po Tian, they fell into the encirclement of Yuan Haibo's bandit troops, and Li Yuanchang and the warrior Han Yunwu were unfortunately killed in the battle to break through the siege.
Liu Hanzhong, the commander of the second squadron of the guerrilla unit, went to the garrison to inform the troops to concentrate on the luoyan street, and was besieged by the enemy on the way. Under the leadership of Chen Xuehai, the fourth detachment of the guerrilla unit broke through the fire blockade, and after merging with the army of Chen Hualin of the second detachment, the troops were divided into two roads, alternating between covering the troops to break through the heavy encirclement, but on the way to find the large troops, they fell into the enemy's front blockade and chased after them, and they were attacked by the enemy in their stomachs and backs, the team was scattered, and the fighters Wang Guanghuan and Chen Xinglin were heroically sacrificed. He Zhongxi, Duan Yinzhong, and He Jianbang of the first squadron of the guerrilla group went to the brigade for a meeting, and on the way back they lost their way back and were captured by the enemy, and the instructor Liu Chuanyu deployed according to the predetermined deployment to cover the main force to move in the direction of Junlian.
In the Battle of Luoyan, most of the guerrilla fighters broke through the siege, sacrificing 4 people, seriously wounding 2 people, and losing more than 50 long and short guns. The guerrillas marched that night, passing through Dipingba and Longcha, and arrived at the county seat of Junlian on January 28 to join the 84th Regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Fifth, the People's Liberation Army is deeply loved and supported by the masses of the people
On January 25, 1950, the day after the Yongsui Dabian guerrillas arrived at Luoyan, the guerrillas sent Zhou Jinguo and Pan Kesen to contact the People's Liberation Army in Junlian, and were detained by the township soldiers when they passed through Niuzhai. The next day, Ouyang Ding, the township chief of Niuzhai Township, sent zhou Jinguo and Pan Kesen to the Kuomintang Yanjin government, and the county magistrate Zhang Shan deliberately did not show his face in order to command the remnants of the Kuomintang and bandits to fight in Luoyan. On January 27, when the Battle of Luoyan ended, Zhang Dancai appeared to receive Zhou Jinguo and Pan Kesen, explained to them the reasons for the encirclement and suppression of Yongsui's border troops and the armistice during the Luoyan incident, and sent Liang Yuanyao, the leader of the political police, to walk sixty miles with Zhou Jinguo and Pan Kesen to Luoyan at night to issue an armistice order, but in fact the battle had long been over.
In the Luoyan Incident, some fighters of the Yongsui Dabian guerrilla group were captured and imprisoned in the grain depot, and Zhou Jinguo and Pan Kesen went to the township office and demanded that Zhou Shilong and Wei Shaoyin release their guns, but they were refused. Zhou Jinguo and Pan Kesen had no choice, and the next day, after visiting the captured people, they went to the company to report to the troops.
On January 28, Zhang Shan sent 15 people including Cai Rongzhou and Yang Xingwen to Luoyan. The next day, Zhou Shilong handed over the captured men to the plainclothes team and sent Wei Shaoyin to Yanjin. Zhang Shan said to the captured: "You and Jiang Yongbin ran wrong, go home and cultivate the fields well!" ”。 On the morning of January 30, Yin Bosheng, secretary of the Kuomintang county government, interrogated more than 10 captured cadres. On January 31, the captives were released in two batches, each of whom was given 3 kilograms of salt as a way back home, and escorted to Zhangjiagou to force them to return to Yongshan. He Zhongxi, Chen Xuehai, and others, while passing through Changgou and the Peacock Temple, changed course and marched in the direction of Junlian to join the guerrillas.
On January 27, the guerrilla Li Zemin was captured, and he escaped from danger on the way, but was caught by the township soldiers Wu Lucheng and Wang Bangsong, beaten and robbed of his clothes. After the peasant Wang Shichong's father and son saw it, they rescued Li Zemin to his home and sewed him new clothes to withstand the cold. After receiving li Zemin's news, Wu Fengyu and Lin Shijing, members of the Alumni Association, came to visit and offer condolences and arranged for someone to escort Li Zemin back to the team.
In the Falling Goose Incident, The three people of Guan Mingcong, Dai Kaiyuan, and Pu Haoran did not rush out of the siege, Pu Haoran walked to Li Zailun's house, and then Wu Fengyu came with Kuang Mingcong and Dai Kaiyuan. Li Zailun and Wu Fengyu sent 3 people to Wu Fengmei's home for refuge, and when they learned that Zhou Shilong threatened to go to the countryside to search, Wu Fengmei and Li Zailun sent 3 people to Wu Fengyu's house, hid in a cave for a night, and sent them to Daguanhe on January 29 to escape from danger.
After Que Guozheng was injured in the Falling Goose Incident, he was rescued by farmer Peng Yuanxiao. Que Guozheng was nursing the Peng family for more than two months, and returned to Yongshan after receiving money from the people for the road, and did not return to his hometown until after liberation.
6. The day the People's Liberation Army departed for Yanjin
The guerrilla group broke through the siege from Luoyan and finally transferred 130 commanders and fighters to the company, and after being captured, released and returned to the group, and then joined the Yongsui Dabian guerrilla group in the company of 10 people, a total of 160 people, organized into 3 squadrons. The guerrillas cooperated with the 84th Regiment in suppressing bandits for more than 4 months, and participated in 9 battles of Haiying, Longtanggou, Shuanghechang, Junlian, Daxiaoluowa, Liziao, Patrol Division, Yangzitian, and Patrol Division, which were well received by the leading organs and the 84th Regiment, and Wang Changji, Wu Qiyao, and Chen Wen were rated as model fighters. In mid-May 1950, Zhaotongdi appointed Wang Pei, the head of the basic cadre regiment, to lead a battalion to the company and the guerrillas to Yanjin to cooperate with the base cadre regiment to suppress the bandits, and in early July, most of the guerrillas were organized into the Suijiang County Public Security Brigade.
Under the excellent situation of victory in the National Liberation War, Lu Han, chairman of Yunnan Province, led his troops to revolt, and Zhang Dan, the governor of Yanjin County of the Kuomintang, was also forced to declare an uprising and accept the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
The peaceful liberation of Shiozu saved Shiozu from being seriously damaged by the Kuomintang defeat army and secret agents, thus avoiding large-scale war casualties and preventing the people from suffering greater losses of life and property, and creating conditions for the establishment and development of the newborn people's power in Shiozu.
At the beginning of March 1950, with the approval of the Zhaotong Prefectural Committee, the Yanjin County Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Zhaotong, and the 43rd Division of the People's Liberation Army advanced into Zhaotong to establish the Zhaotong Garrison District, whose main task was to do a good job in taking over the political power, collecting grain, and suppressing bandits. The 56th Regiment of the 6th Detachment of the Border Column (the 6th Regiment of the Border Column Westward Advance Force) was reorganized into the Basic Cadre Regiment of the Zhaotong Garrison District and stationed in Yanjin.
On March 11, Zhang Dan, county magistrate of the National Government of Yanjin County, presided over a preparatory meeting for people from all walks of life to welcome the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Present at the meeting were Zhang Dan, Fan Guangye, Liang Shuhe, Deng Jiangeng, Qin Zhaozong, Zhang Hengping, Yu Zicheng, Gao Shiheng, Wu Qiaocheng, Yuan Shuzhou, Yu Milling, Zhou Shipei, Liu Xianke, Wang Bohou, Zhao Chongxin, Zhou Zonglian, He Xiangru, Yin Bosheng, and Deng Shaoyu. Zhang Dan said in his report to the meeting: "This time our glorious uprising in Yunnan, the great cause of liberating the southwest has been completed, and now the people's liberation army has come to the province of Yuanyuan and Dongzhao, and yesterday received a telegram from the commissioner ordering a regiment of troops to be stationed in the county, and soon the large army will come to Tianjin, and all circles in Tianjin will enthusiastically study how to make preparations in order to welcome it."
The meeting decided to hold a meeting of the people from all walks of life in Yanjin County to welcome the army, set up a preparatory committee for the people's welcome meeting of all walks of life in Yanjin County, and elect 7 members, Zhang Dan was elected as the chairman of the committee, and the remaining 6 people were Deng Jianjian, Liang Shuhe, Yuan Shuzhou, Wu Qiaocheng, Wang Bohou, and Zhou Shipei. The Committee has a general affairs team and a supply group, which is responsible for daily affairs, paperwork, condolences, arrangement, and preparation of grain, oil and salt, fuel, and hay, and the setting up of tea stations and camps, so as to fully prepare for the army.
On April 5, Lu Maolin, secretary of the county party committee, and Liu Keguang, the representative of the takeover, arrived in Yanjin with the basic cadre regiment and the 43rd Division's teaching brigade, and were warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life in Yanjin County and the people of the whole city. The residents of the county town held pennants with slogans such as "Welcome relatives to the People's Liberation Army" written on them; from the county street to the Xiatan Bridge, they lined up in long lines to warmly welcome the arrival of the basic cadre regiment of the Zhaotong Garrison District of the Yunnan Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the teaching brigade and the takeover team of the 43rd Division. The leaders of the force and the representatives of the takeover made speeches at the welcoming meeting, respectively. April 5, 1950, was a happy day for the people of Yanjin, and the arrival of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the takeover group marked the demise of the Kuomintang regime and the beginning of the establishment of a new regime, and the people of all ethnic groups in Yanjin County ushered in liberation.