The literati of the Yuan Dynasty were not short of mercurial and erudite people, but Qiao Ji was a rare "talented and talented" talent. The Book of Recorders praised him as "a beauty instrument, a word chapter".[1] And throughout the entire book, almost no one has received similar evaluations because of their appearance.
Many people have heard of a famous six-character writing method: "crest, pork belly, leopard tail." [2] That is to say, when we write an article, the beginning should be brilliant, the main body should be full and detailed, and the ending should be concise and powerful. Trace its origins to the mouth of Georgi more than a thousand years ago.
It's hard to imagine that a great writer who is almost forgotten today still influences our lives. Georgie followed this writing guideline and created a large number of prose and miscellaneous works with different styles and customs. As a result, he also became an important yuanqu writer in the late Yuan Dynasty, and Zhang Kejiu was called the "double bi" in the scattered songs, and was also known as "Li Du in the song".
<h1>Forty years</h1>
Qiao Ji, the character Dream Charm, the trumpet Sheng He Weng, the Taoist of Sorrow, was originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi. There is no suspense, he is also a literati who has never met a talent, and has never been an official in his life. During the Yanyou period, Yuan Ting resumed scientific research, and Qiao Ji was about thirty years old, but he had no intention of entering the army, and he did not hesitate to go to the jianghu world where the sky was high and the earth was far away. In ancient times, the rivers and lakes were given more cultural meanings, mainly referring to a social space that was opposite to the temple and the imperial court, which was outside the mainstream society.
In his lifetime, Georgie spent a considerable amount of time as a pilgrim, spending time as a pilgrim. The picture shows a part of the "Southern Tang Dynasty Wenhui Map", painted by the Song Dynasty
The rivers and lakes are not only the refuge of the scholars, but also the poetic residence of the fallen literati. The rivers and lakes of the literati of the Yuan Dynasty are the sorrows and joys of the talented and beautiful people under the Goulan Tile House, and also the chanting and chanting of the woodcutters and fishermen between the green mountains and blue waves. Qiao Ji traveled to Dadu, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, mainly in the southern region, and finally settled in the economic and cultural center of Hangzhou, until his old age.
As a jianghu person, Qiao Ji's friendship is naturally also a variety of people of the three religions and nine streams. Judging from Georgie's works, he mainly interacted with thin-lived women such as Ge Ji Mingling, as well as literati and even high-ranking officials and nobles. According to the statistics of today's scholars, Qiao Ji has inscribed a total of eighteen women, of which as many as seven songs were written for Li Chuyi, a famous prostitute in Yangzhou, reflecting the deep affection of the two. Among the men, there are both Marquis Marshals, local officials, and bachelors.
It can also be inferred from this that during Georgie's life, he spent a considerable amount of time as a pilgrim and spent a feast. The life of staggering and leaning on red and green is difficult to hide the lonely heart, and although Georgie travels widely, he is not happy. The elegy in the "Record ghost book" says that he said: "Pingsheng Lake and Sea Less Zhiyin, a few qu gong shang great intentions." From the lyrics, we can probably outline Georgie's real inner world.
"Recall a pair of butterflies in spring dreams, busy with yellow dust two boots." Thirty years of flowers blooming several times, tortured into snow on the head. Who is the Dragon Snake? Lu Zijing can give benefits, Zhou Gongjin will stomp, and the ancient Haojie. (Narcissus Dreams)
At the age of thirty, Georgie was still running for fame, hoping that like the famous men and famous men of the Three Kingdoms, they would become the masters of the ages, but the reality was that even if he was busy with his legs for thirty years, he was still poor, but he added gray hair early. Looking back at this moment, like waking up from a dream, it turns out that this life is just a futile effort. Looking at the world, who is the real pillar of the country? I have nothing to learn, but no one appreciates it, and I can only sigh the bitterness of fate.
Because of the difficulty of ambition, Georgie also has a reclusive heart, but it is not easy to achieve reclusiveness. "Oh, the officials are greatly worried; the tibetans are hidden, and there are many servants in the fields." ("Yan'er Fell victorious and self-adapted") Wanting to use the world but having no way out, wanting to retreat but trapped in livelihood, is an embarrassing situation where it is difficult to enter and retreat. As a result, Georgie can only drift on the rivers and lakes for a long time.
<h1>Self-xu Yanxia Yuan</h1>
When people reach middle age, they are full of human feelings, cold and warm, and the half-life wave of Qiaoji, whose mood has also become more depressed, and he has begun to have a sad journey: "Wind and rain, narrow curtains, and small window screens." In front of the emotional lamp, the guest is on the pillow, and the heart is at the end of the world. Three thousand feet of clear sideburns, fifty years of spring dreams prosperous. Seeing people's homes, willows divide cigarettes, and hold up the cornices. ("Folding Gui Ling, Guest Window Qingming")
On a drizzly and rainy qingming season, Georgie is just a sentimental lone wanderer. The picture shows the part of Yuanren's "Xiqiao Wind and Rain Axis"
In the drizzling season, Georgie is just a sentimental lone wanderer. He lived in a home, looking at the exquisite curtain in front of the window, and the rain and wind pieces outside the window, thousands of thoughts came to mind at the same time. In front of the pillow lamp, he thought that he had left his hometown, and it was the person who broke his intestines at the end of the world. Looking back on the first half of my life, I thought about the prosperity of the first half of my life, and then looked at myself with gray hair and loneliness, what a desolate and helpless situation!
Looking up again, he saw several homes in the drizzle, and the willows drifted up the eaves. In that house, it may be a family reunion, talking about chai rice oil and salt, parents are short. Such a warm picture seems ordinary, but it is a happiness that Georgie can not hope for. The narrow side of the guest window carries the sorrow of his lonely journey at the end of the world, and the melancholy of the uncertain future.
His melancholy thoughts often appear in the rain, such as "Jealous Shaohua wind and rain Xiao Xiao, Guan Yue committed Nanji, water leakage heaven scoop." ("Folding Gui Ling, Rain Window Sending Liu Mengluan to a Banquet to Yu ZhuYun") "The wind and rain of the trivial window are ancient and modern, the dream surrounds the twelve floors of the Cloud Mountain, and the incense is sold and the candle is initially determined." ("Narcissus, Autumn Reflection Jingmen Fu") "In the sound of the rain falling, the spring affairs discuss the flower trade wind, and the candlelight shakes the Jiangnan dream. ("Narcissus Rain Window Is a Matter") "His mood is worried about the future and the luck of the times, and also for the ancient and modern world.
In his later years, Georgie seems to have suddenly become open-minded, showing an arrogant and uninhibited side in the song. For example, the famous "Green Mo Quan Self-Description": "Do not occupy the dragon head, do not enter the famous sages." Always wine saints, poetry zen everywhere, smoke xiayuan, jianghu drunken immortals, laughter is the editing seminary. Stay in the air, batch wind wipe the moon for forty years. ”
Yan xia zhuangyuan, jianghu drunken immortal, Qiao Ji's positioning of himself, like the Song Dynasty Liu Yong's "white clothes Qingxiang", has a celebrity style. Since the world did not recognize his talent, he simply ridiculed the false name and small profits, and then sent love poems and wine, and spent the rest of his life at leisure, wouldn't it be better than the career of making a scene in the official arena and worrying about fear?
He also has a song with a similar mood: "Huayang towel crane stomping, iron flute blowing clouds, bamboo stick supporting the sky." Accompanied by willow monster flower demon, scale xiang fengrui, wine saint poetry Zen. We should not lift up the rivers and lakes, and do not think of the gods and immortals of the wind and moon. Fragments of the broken, ink clouds, incense full of mountains and rivers. In the text, Georgi incarnates as a wine saint Zen, a folk leader, and a human immortal, who lives the most clearly and sees it most thoroughly. And behind this wild song and laughter, it is still the sad and helpless soul.
<h1>In the song, the plum is like a person</h1>
Among the works that Qiao Ji has survived, there are more than 200 xiaoling songs and dozens of sets of articles, mainly writing women's grudges and romances, sighing and seclusion, and writing scenery and chants; there are three kinds of miscellaneous dramas, all of which tell the story of the marriage and love of talented women. In general, his artistic achievements in prose music are higher than those of miscellaneous dramas, although the theme follows the common content of yuanqu and there is no pioneering innovation, but it is unique in style and has its own family.
"Narcissus Revisiting the Waterfall" uses a novel and exaggerated metaphor to sing a waterfall. The picture shows the album of Song Yiming's "GaoshiGuan Waterfall Map"
He has a song that, in a novel and exaggerated metaphor, sings a waterfall and becomes his masterpiece, namely "Narcissus: Revisiting the Waterfall": "The heavenly machine weaves the moon and is idle, the stone wall is high and the snow is cold, and the ice ribbon rain hangs over the sky." Thousands of years of sun-dried, Reuve cool people timid clothing list. Like a white rainbow drinking stream, the jade dragon descending the mountain, and the clear snow flying beach. ”
The song begins with a show of the waterfall hanging between heaven and earth. The waterfall seems to be a delicate silk woven by a loom in the sky and a moon shuttle, hanging high from the cliff wall, because it is white and flawless, like ice and snow, and it is accompanied by rain, which makes people feel chilly. In the first three sentences, the author chooses things with tall images and magnificent artistic conceptions, and extremely renders the majestic momentum and exquisite and magnificent form of the waterfall. Immediately after the author's sudden imagination, for thousands of years the waterfall hung in the sun, as if it were drying, but it was too cold and wet, how could it be dried?
He approached the waterfall, and his clothes were gradually wet with the dew around the waterfall, making people even more cool. Finally, the author uses three wonderful metaphors to describe the landscape of the waterfall rushing down: like a white rainbow drinking and sucking a mountain stream, like a jade dragon swooping down the mountain, and like a snow flake flying on a sunny day on the beach. This song is imaginative, exaggerated, quite majestic and strange beauty, and it is more reminiscent of the famous work "Wanglushan Waterfall" by the poet Xian Li Bai.
However, Georgie's favorite human object is the plum blossom. His admiration and pursuit of plum blossoms can be said to be intoxicating. For example, "Narcissus Searching for Plums" wrote: "Before and after winter, several villages, xibei xixi and south two shoes of frost, the head of the tree at the bottom of the lonely mountain." Where does the cold wind come from? Suddenly, they met each other. Wine wakes up cold and frightening dreams, flutes are miserable in spring, and the moon is dusk. ”
Georgie's admiration and pursuit of plum blossoms can be said to be intoxicating. The picture shows the Qingqian Weicheng Flower Album (1) One of the painting plums
Throughout the winter, Georgie looked around for plum blossoms. He passed through many villages, even if his shoes were stained with frost, he insisted on walking all over the north of the creek and the bottom of the trees, and did not fall into a corner. The opening three sentences use a comparative technique to show the author's deep love for plums and the cut of looking for plums, depicting the state of perseverance and tenacity of seeking and seeking.
Inadvertently, a dark fragrance came with the wind, and the author finally found the plum blossom, which was as beautiful and noble as a white fairy. However, at this moment, he woke up from his dream and realized that it was just a dream. With the dusk of the moon, he seemed to hear a mournful flute song in his ears. At the end of the song, the poignant and misty atmosphere still haunts the reader's heart for a long time.
The plum blossom is a classic image in traditional poetry, and in the song symbolizes the ideal of excellence for which Georgie ran. He once compared life to a dream, and his pursuit of fame was not like a dream search for plum blossoms? And that name can only be encountered in dreams for a moment, and reality brings him only bitterness and despair. This song also vividly depicts the lonely and cold character of the plum blossom, adding an ethereal and gentle beauty in addition to the sadness.
Georgie wrote the famous sentence of flowers, and "Before and after the winter cold, when the sun is clear, who accompanies the plum blossoms and is thin?" ("Hillside Sheep • Winter Writing Nostalgia II") "And tears send spring return, Qianshui will go away, it is the creek that fell red last night rain. ("Qingjiang Introduction: Scenes") ", etc., there are both thin plum blossoms and scenes of flowers falling in spring. If you connect these images, from looking for plums to plum blossoms to falling flowers, it is like the epitome of his life' encounters.
exegesis:
[1] The "Jogi Article" of the Book of Recorded Ghosts: Beauty instrument, noh chapter, self-indulgence with majesty, people are awe-inspiring.
[2] Nancun Shu Farming Record: Qiao Ji is erudite and versatile, and in the name of Lefu, he tastes the clouds: "There is also a law for making Music House, and the six characters of crested head, pig belly, and leopard tail are also." 'Roughly beautiful, medium and mighty, knots loud.' Especially gui runs through the beginning and end, and the meaning is fresh. If it is, Si can talk about it.