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Arachnothera magna : A bird of the genus Arachnidae in the family Sunbird family. It is the larger of the sunbird family, weighing 25-45 g and measuring 160–210 mm in length. The mouth is thick and pointed and curved downwards. The upper body is olive yellow with a black central marking. The underparts are pale yellowish white and covered with black longitudinal stripes , and the tail has black secondary spots. The iris is brown, the legs are bright orange, and the mouth is black.
Its natural habitats are evergreen broad-leaved forests and tropical rainforests below 1500 m above sea level. Resident birds. It is often used alone or in pairs to move and feed among the branches and leaves of the canopy of banana and tree trees. Sexually active, agile, strong flying, often flying between trees, sometimes flying while flying, shouting loudly. It feeds mainly on insects, spiders, nectar, flower buds, berries, fruits and seeds. It is found in China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
Morphological characteristics
The female and males of the striped-backed spider bird have similar plumage. The entire upperpart consists of two winged coverts olive yellow , the crown to the pillow and the mid and small coverts each with a central black tinge that forms a black central marking. The back and waist have a thick black central stripe, and the flight feathers and tail feathers are also olive yellow. The tail has broad black sub-terminal spots and pale yellow end spots, and the side of the head is dorsal but paler. The underparts are pale yellow or yellowish white , with a thick black central stripe.
The iris is brown or reddish brown, the mouth is black, and the feet are orange-yellow or fleshy yellow.
Habitat
Its natural habitats are evergreen broad-leaved forests and tropical rainforests below 1500 m above sea level. In particular, it likes to move and forage in more open areas such as forest edges and sparse forests, and is sometimes found in trees near the edge of the ground and villages.
Habits of life
Resident birds. It is often used alone or in pairs to move and feed among the branches and leaves of the canopy of banana and tree trees. Rarely in groups. Occasionally, it is seen in groups with other small birds such as willow warblers and sunbirds. Sexually active, agile, strong flying, often flying between trees, frequently flying from one tree to another, mostly flying in long waves, sometimes flying while flying. The call is loud, with a high cheet call when flying fast.
It feeds mainly on insects, spiders, nectar, flower buds, berries, fruits and seeds.
Distribution range
world
It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Viet Nam.
China
Southeastern Tibet (Metuomanion and Beibang), Yunnan (Tengchong, Yingjiang, Baoshan, Luxi, Nankanghe, Zhenkang, Jingdong, Jiangyu, Xishuangbanna, Pingbian and Hekou), Guizhou (Xingyi and Zhuanxiang), Guangxi (Baise, Mubian and Longjin).
Breeding methods
From April to June, the multi-camp nest is in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the low mountains and foothills below 1500 meters above sea level, the nest is oblong-oval, mainly composed of plant fibers, grass stems, cobwebs and other materials, placed under large leaves. There are about 80 needle holes on the blade and about 80 wire buckles underneath. The outside of the nest is also covered with small leaves and plant fibers with cobwebs. The outer diameter of the nest is 17 cm× 13 cm, the depth is 8.5 cm, the caliber is 3 cm, and some nests have two outlets corresponding to each other.
During the breeding season, the male birds show off in the air for courtship, constantly soaring in front of their mates, all the feathers on the body are fluffy, the tail is also spread, the wings are rapidly fanned, and after a few seconds, they suddenly rush vertically into the air, and then fly back to the female in a circle, soaring and repeating the above movements twice, while making a long call. Each clutch lays 2-3 eggs, and the color of the eggs varies greatly, some are bluish gray and slightly brown, some are dark brown, covered with chestnut brown spots, and some are olive gray or gray. The size of the eggs is 20.9-24.2 cm × 15.0-16.4 cm. The incubation of the eggs is shared by the male and female birds, the chicks are late in adulthood, and the male and female parent birds co-breed the chicks.
Population status
The species has a wide distribution range, is not close to the fragile endangered threshold standard for the survival of the species (distribution area or fluctuation range is less than 20,000 square kilometers, habitat quality, population size, distribution area fragmentation), the population trend is stable, so it is evaluated as a species without survival crisis.
Protection level
This species has been included in the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals Under National Protection beneficial or of important economic and scientific research value" issued by the State Forestry Administration of China on August 1, 2000.
Listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) ver 3.1 – No Hazard (LC) in 2016.
The pictures in this article are taken by teacher Fu Zibo, only for sharing and learning, and the copyright belongs to the original author