The American white moth is a genus of moths in the family Lamp moth family, a white moth, with a female body length of 9–15 mm and a wingspan of 30–42 mm; the male moth is 9–13 mm long and has a wingspan of 25–36 mm. Ovoid spherical in shape, about 0.5-0.53 mm in diameter. Hatching larvae are generally yellow or light brown. Male pupae are small and have a longitudinal ridge in the center of the dorsal center, while female pupae are more hypertrophied. There are 10-15 untidy gluteal spines at the end of the abdomen, and the end of the gluteal spines is expanded in the shape of a flared mouth.
The adult American white moth has three characteristics: "light", "taste" and "like to eat", and is more sensitive to odor, especially to fishy, fragrant and odorous. Generally, the surrounding trees such as toilets, livestock houses, and smelly puddles with poor sanitary conditions are very susceptible to outbreaks. Native to North America, the American white moth is mainly distributed in the united states and southern Canada, and its ecological distribution range is between 19°-55N°.
The U.S. white moth has been included by the State Environmental Protection Administration in China's first list of 16 invasive alien species.
American white moth is an international quarantine pest, its adaptability is strong, the amount of reproduction is large, the number of hosts is large, the transmission route is wide, the harm is extremely great, seriously affecting the growth of flowers, vegetables, weeds, crops, garden trees and other plants, is called "smokeless fire" by forestry workers, that is to say, the harm is serious to no harvest. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to be called the "demon" of the plant kingdom.
Moreover, the American white moth has a more mixed diet, almost all afforestation tree species, green tree species can be eaten, making people invincible. 3 is the limitation of prevention and control methods. If it occurs in urban areas and residential areas, chemical pesticides that are harmful to people, livestock and the environment cannot be used. And when feeding on the tree, due to the relatively high temperature, the drug spray is not so high and the prevention effect is naturally poor.
There are three generations of American white moths a year, a large number of overwintering adults appear from mid-April to early May, a generation of larvae occurs from early May to mid-June, a generation of adults occurs from late June to late July, a three-generation larval stage from early September to late October, and pupate overwintering begins in late September.
The adult American white moth has three characteristics: "light", "taste" and "like to eat", and is more sensitive to odor, especially to fishy, fragrant and odorous. Generally, the surrounding trees such as toilets, livestock houses, and smelly puddles with poor sanitary conditions are very susceptible to outbreaks. Adults prefer nocturnal activity and feathering, and female moths prefer to move and lay eggs on well-lit plants, so the branches and leaves of plants that are more light-sighted are more affected.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > prevention and control measures</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > quarantine measures</h1>
Enhanced quarantine is a key means of preventing the long-distance migration of the American white moth. Strengthen the quarantine of forest products in the epidemic area, without quarantine or treatment, it is strictly forbidden to transport them, and all seedlings, logs, timber, fruits, packaging materials, means of transport, etc. transferred from the epidemic area should be strictly quarantined, and the epidemic situation should be immediately treated to prevent the spread of the epidemic from the source. Strengthen quarantine law enforcement, and severely crack down on illegal and irregular transfers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > physical control</h1>
The phototropism of adult American white moths is used, and adult booby traps are carried out with black light lamps to reduce adult tailing and egg laying. In the adult stage, insecticidal lamps are hung at a height of 2-3 meters above the ground, and the lights are turned on from 19:00 to 6:00 the next day to trap the adult American white moth.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > biological control</h1>
Use natural enemies to control the American white moth
From the mature larval stage of the American white moth to the pupal stage, the release of the natural enemy Zhou's wasp is one of the most effective measures to control the American white moth. This method is suitable for control in plots with tall trees, large net curtain removal difficulties, and the occurrence of American white moths is not serious.
The parasitic natural enemy white moth Zhou's wasp occurs in 7 generations in its natural distribution area in one year, overwintering in the American white moth pupae as an old mature larvae, parasitizing in the host pupae, and its eggs, larvae, pupae and pre-spawning period are spent in the host pupa. The best insect release period for the American white moth is the mature larval stage and the early pupal stage of the American white moth (around June 15 in the early stage of the first generation of pupae, around July 25 in the early stage of the second generation of pupae), according to the proportion of 3-5 chower wasps released by 1 white moth larvae, choose to release bees without wind or breeze before 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Method of releasing bees: Hang the cocoon of the tulip that is about to be feathered out of the bee with a leather band or hang it directly on the tree, or nail it to the trunk with a pin, so that the white moth Zhou's wasp will fly out naturally. Breeding with test tubes, finger tubes or other utensils, when the bee is about to emerge, it can be placed directly at the base of the trunk to uncover the blockage and let the bee fly out.
The predatory predators of the American white moth are: flying cockroaches, spiders, foot beetles, grass moths, ladybirds, praying mantises and birds, amphibians, etc., which can be protected and utilized.
Application of microorganisms to control the American white moth
The application of bacteria to control the American white moth, the most researched and applied is The bacillus thuringiensis (abbreviated as Bt). 8000 IU/μl of Thuringiensis suspension agent 100 ml per mu was applied, and the aircraft low-volume spray and artificial ground spray were used, and the average control effect was more than 96%. In order to ensure rapid efficiency, a combination of Brassica thuringiensis + avermectin is often used.
The application of coccidioides albicans to control the American white moth, 40 billion spores / g wettable powder 1500-2500 times liquid for leaf spray control, the prevention effect is more than 90%.
Application of virus control of American white moth: karyotype polyhedra virus has strong pathogenicity on American white moth larvae, suitable for 2-3 year old larvae, using a preparation concentration of (1.5×107~ 3.0 ×107) PIB / ml, and the efficacy is continuous, obligate parasitic. 1000×750, 500 times the solution was diluted with HcNPV stock solution 2.5×109PIB/ml, and the corrective effect of the 14-day interforest drug efficacy test was 73.29%-90.41% after the drug was used on the 2-3-year-old American white moth.
Application of biomimetic agents for prevention and control
The bionic agents for the control of american white moths are: sullicidal urea, insecticide, fipronil, carbohydrazide and so on. Pre-4 instar larvae can be sprayed with 20% carnohydrazide suspension 2000 times liquid and 20% bellicidal urea suspension 8000 times liquid for spray control. The plant-derived pesticides that can be used for the control of the American white moth mainly include nicotinine, matrine, nicotin, matrine, neem and so on. For example, the use of 1.2% nicotinic emulsion 1000-2000 times liquid for spray control.
Application of pheromone control
Using American white moth sex pheromones, male adults were booby-trapped during the adult stage in mildly occurring areas. Spring generation traps are set at heights at the lower branches of the canopy (2-2.5 m) and in the summer generation at the upper middle and upper canopy (5-6 m). There is 1 trap every 100 meters, and the radius of the trap is 50 meters. During use, place the enemy worm cotton ball in the trap and replace it every 3-5 days to ensure the lavendering effect.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" > chemical control</h1>
It is used when the White Moth occurs in the United States. The first generation of larvae from May to June is a critical period for chemical control. Agents with high activity against larvae are: bifenthrin, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency cypermethrin, etc. Before the larvae break the net, they are controlled by diluting 1000 times with 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin + methyl vitamin salt and water. After the larva breaks the net, it can spray pyrethroid pesticides such as cypermethrin with 1500-2000 times liquid on the canopy, which has a good preventive effect.