This is the earliest surviving "Fudi-style" residence in Chaozhou, the so-called Fudi, and different from the office of the official, but the place of daily residence, here is the daughter of Emperor Yingzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Princess De'an Princess Ma Xujue's mansion, was built in the song Yingzong during the ping dynasty.
Xu Tuoma Mansion is not only a typical masterpiece of Chaozhou residential architecture, but also one of the "three treasures of Chaozhou ancient architecture", which can be said to be rare in the province and even the whole country.
Only the central residential area has been preserved, and many pavilions, stages, rockeries, artificial lakes and lotus ponds from the cuo, fire lane and back garden on both sides have been wiped out, although it is a pity but fortunate that the surviving buildings have better preserved the layout, structure and style of the original era.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >Why was the Horse Mansion built in Chaozhou? </h1>
Why was the Horse Mansion built in Chaozhou, thousands of miles away from the capital? This is because when Xu Jue married the daughter of Song Yingzong, Yingzong was only the crown prince and had not yet become emperor, and Princess De'an was the eldest daughter of the prince when she was in the Renzong Dynasty, so the lord of the county naturally belonged to the marriage, and the next marriage was Xu Jue of Chaozhou, so the Horse Mansion was also sealed in Xu Jue's hometown, and was prepared by the Chaozhou government with funds from the state treasury. Later, crown prince Zhao Shu ascended the throne as Emperor Yingzong, the eldest daughter De'an Junjun was crowned princess, and Xu Jue was the only donkey horse in the history of Chaozhou, so his mansion was also the only local horse mansion.
The characters of Song Yingzong and Empress Gao in film and television dramas
When the horse was in Beijing, the princess once asked the horse, "How is the ancestral residence of Chaozhou?" The horse replied, "There is a thousand miles of dragon pond in the front and a hundred miles of gardens in the back." "Those who call Longtan, there are Han River and pontoon bridges in front of the house, called gardeners, and the flowers and trees on the back mountain bloom at four o'clock." When the horse and the princess returned to Chaozhou a few years later, the princess leaned on Han Mountain and faced han jiang and said to the horse: "The horse has good eyesight, and the thousand miles of dragon pond reflect the hundred miles of Han Mountain." ”
Although there is no record of why Emperor Yingzong chose Xu Jue as his son-in-law, let's see where Xu Jue's ancestors came from.
Xu Yu, Xu Tianzheng, Xu Shen (from left to right)
Xu Tianzheng, a general of the Tang Dynasty, came to Fujian on the orders of the imperial court to calm the turmoil along the coast, so Xu Shi migrated from the Central Plains to Fujian to settle down, known as the ancestor of "Zhangnan Kaiji".
Let's talk about Xu Jue's great-grandfather: Xu Shen.
Xu Shen, one of the Eight Sages of Chaozhou in the Tang and Song dynasties. In the third year (1010) of the Northern Song Dynasty, he took the temple examination and ranked first. He was appointed as the Zhi County of Yin County (present-day Yin County, Zhejiang), and in the early years of Tianxi, he was promoted to Zhi Prefecture of Shaozhou (韶州, in present-day Qujiang, Guangdong), and then to Guangnan West Road. In the second year of Jingyou (1035), he served as a judge of the Du Branch, a waiter of the Ministry of Works, and an envoy of Jiangnan East Road. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Xu Shen wrote to Chen that Wang Anshi had violated the evils of changing the law, violated the prime minister and the emperor, was demoted to Hunan, reinstated as an envoy to Guangnan East Road, and was given the title of Yinqing Guanglu Doctor.
Through his own efforts, Xu Shen entered the career path from the imperial examination to the center of the imperial court, which made a good start for the future generations of officials, and there were more than thirty of his descendants who served as civil and military officials in the Song Dynasty.
Grandfather Xu Yin, the official to the crown prince Zhongshe, that is, Emperor Yingzong's teacher when he was the crown prince, had more opportunities to contact the prince, perhaps this laid the groundwork for his grandson Xu Jue to climb the imperial family in the future and marry a princess as a wife.
Xu Jue also made Zu Yin a military attaché of the Guards of Emperor Renzong of Song and conferred the title of Zuo Ban Dian Zhi (Song Dynasty military official name).
Su Shi and Xu Jue had intersected, and in May of the third year of Yuan Fu (1098-1101), Su Shi belittled DanZhou (equivalent to the western part of present-day Hainan Province) and associated with Xu Jue, who also despised DanZhou, xu Jue and Wang Jieshi invited Su Shi to taste the rice wine he brewed, and Su Shi wrote a poem "Gift and Introduction of Childish Wine" to express his gratitude.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the originator of the donkey trailer</h1>
The Teochew people call the house Cuo, and Xu TuomaFu can be said to be the originator of the Chaozhou Cuo. The floor plan of the buildings preserved in Xu Tuoma Mansion is obviously the prototype of the Chaozhou Cuo Horse Trailer in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The main body of the building of the horse trailer is three into five bays, with the hall as the center and placed on the central axis, on both sides of the two fire lanes and two from the cuo, the fire lane on both sides from the cuobi front façade wall protruding two to three rooms, this is the carriageman. And in the wide passage facing the gatehouse, open two Taiping gates in each direction, commonly known as the Dragon and Tiger Gate.
A mainly used for office, security and reception, the middle and back seats for the central area of the house, the main residence of the owner and close relatives, as long as the second into the middle door of a close, here has become a relatively closed and opposing community. The slaves near the main seat live mainly as minor members of the family or clan relatives, and the servant tenants who live near the outer houses. The back bag is where the host's reading leisure and guest rooms are located.
I deliberately found an aerial picture of Xu Tuoma Mansion from the Internet
Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty horse trailer rear bag and alley gate building top is mostly tile cover, to the end of the Qing Dynasty due to public security chaos, many thieves, for safety, the hipsters borrowed from the Western-style building, the tiles on the roof of these gate buildings were changed to sunbathing (balcony), the main material is your concrete, there are also some with wood and wood chips covered with red bricks, so that it is convenient for fire prevention and theft. At night, the moratorium stood on the sunbathing floor, the whole house was in full view, and you had the unique martial art of flying cornices and walls, and it was difficult to escape the eyes of the shougen, and it was clear which room had a fire. Standing on it during the day, the people within a mile can see clearly whether they are enemies or friends, whether they are relatives or not.
Due to the large scale of the horse trailer, there are many rooms and halls, in the past it was mostly called "folk palace", which is the residence of the super rich, and there are very few houses that can really build such a style, and almost every town and township has only one or two natural villages.
From the outside, the whole house is boxy and looks very strong, and what is more spectacular is that the whole house has a total of 67 rooms and 99 doors, and the rooms are connected, the doors and doors are connected, no matter which door you enter and exit, you can reach the room you want to go to, that is to say, there is no dead end inside. There are 7 doors open to the outside of the whole house, 7 doors are different in shape, the use is also different, the two sides of the square and the dragon and tiger gate set up from the intersection of the house is usually not opened, but the younger generations of the same window to visit or female relatives sometimes go out to open.
The two sides of the middle gate also pay attention to, the left side of the alley door is commonly known as the ceremonial door, usually guests come to visit from the second door, after entering from the first into the dragon and tiger door into the outer patio, and then from the second entrance to the middle door into the inner hall, guests do not come to the road when they leave, but from the dragon and tiger door into the right side of the alley door out, this door is called the righteous road, take the meaning of affection in the future will come again.
The middle gate is usually not open, and only major festivals or sacrifices and visits from imperial court officials are opened.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the "Three Treasures" hidden in Xu Ma Mansion</h1>
There are "three treasures" in Xu Tuoma Mansion, which refers to: stone ground, bamboo woven ash wall, and S-shaped drainage system.
Stone ground was specially tailored for Xu MaFu according to the geographical and climatic characteristics of Chaozhou, and its stones were carefully selected. Stone ground eucalyptus mainly has two functions, one is to adjust the upper load, so that the foundation is evenly stressed, in the building to play a flat role, the other is moisture-proof and insect-proof, protect the role of wooden pillars.
The walls of the interior of the house are made of slab rammed ash and green brick strip pulp, and the two walls on the east side of the main hall of the back seat still retain the pink bamboo woven ash wall. Bamboo woven ash wall is the architectural feature of the south, the wall is woven by bamboo, and made of mud and shell ash, light weight, thin thickness, both work-saving, practical, can play a role in heat insulation, earthquake resistance.
Distributed throughout the large and small patios of the whole mansion, there is a trend of "four waters into one", gathering the waters of the heavens, absorbing wealth and qi, and then circumventing the water by the "zigzag" drainage system hidden under the whole mansion, which has the meaning of taking gas and generating wealth. Draining water from the main hall after bypassing the front, its meaning is to prevent financial leakage, according to Chaozhou customs, water is rich, so the water can not be directly discharged. The foundation of the house is low before and after high, and the difference between height and height is 1.28 meters, which means "step by step". This height difference cleverly makes the S-shaped drainage system clogged for more than 940 years. The entire mansion has never been flooded by heavy rains. Unexpectedly, the drainage system set up for financial protection is very scientific and reasonable.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > floor tile laying also has a careful machine</h1>
In addition, the floor tile laying of Xufu is also very exquisite, and the floor tile laying of the whole Xufu is divided into three types: one is a herringbone, one is a tianzi shape, and there is a T-shape. Each type of paving has its own meaning, the herringbone means popularity, the field shape means that there is a field, and the T-shaped means out of Ding.
Herringbone floor tiles
There is also a place called "Houku" in Xu Province, which is not a warehouse, but an ancient storage of "ShouBan", that is, the place where coffins are stored. Because the "shou board" is also called "raw coffin", which means that the person who is "born" has official wealth, promotion and wealth, and happiness and longevity.
Back library
T-shaped floor tiles laid in the rear library
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Dragon Tiger Well and Ruyi Well</h1>
There is a well in the east and west fire lanes of Xu Province, which is mainly used for fire extinguishing, and can also be eaten in normal times. From the perspective of feng shui, the east "Canglong" and the west "White Tiger", so it is called "Longhu Well". The "Longjing" well bar is square, and the "Tiger Well" well bar is round, which is in line with the concept of "round place in the sky" of the Chinese and the idea of "no rules and no square circles" for governing the family and the country. Legend has it that taking the water of the Dragon Well can "Wen Neng Ti Pen to Settle the World", and taking the water of the Tiger Well can "Wu Neng Immediately Fix Qiankun".
Longjing
Tiger Well
There is a well in the east and west from the cuo patio, and the two wells are in a ruyi-shaped layout, so it is called "Ruyi Well". The name Ruyi is to hope that the family will be safe and happy after eating the well water. The well in the southeast is called "Fukui", and legend has it that the water of Fukui is used to add blessings. The well located in the southwest is called "Shoujing", and it is said that taking the water of Shoujing can live a hundred years, and Shoubi Nanshan.
Fukui
Jui
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the later of Xu Ma Province</h1>
Due to the changeable official fortunes of Xu Jue, he was later put in Danzhou. Since then, the wind and clouds have changed, and military disasters have risen repeatedly. During the Ming Jiajing period, xu's descendants were in decline and decline, and during the Qi dynasty of tomorrow, Xu Fu was transferred to the Chao people's Fujian envoy Huang Chun; during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was transferred to the Yang surname, and soon after the Huang surname was changed. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the front seat of Xu Mansion was changed to the "Martial Examination Hall". In the third year of the Republic of China, the Xu clan finally redeemed xu ma mansion, and the couplet of "Ma Fu Di, Zai Xiang Family Style" was posted on both sides of the gate.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the number of households in Fuchu increased from more than 20 to more than 40, and the rapid increase in population and the erosion of natural disasters made Fudi increasingly precarious, and in 1986, the Chaozhou Municipal Government decided to comprehensively repair Xu Tuoma Mansion.