Source: CCTV
Turning over the thick history of the CPC over the past century, from the great victory of the revolution to the great rejuvenation of the nation, the revolutionary cultural relics that have endured vicissitudes one after another have recorded a series of red stories that have reached the hearts of the people and the historical moments that have carried forward the past one after another, which is the best witness of the CPC cutting through thorns and forging ahead.
On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, the Central Radio and Television Corporation, the State Administration of Cultural Relics, and the Central Cyberspace Administration jointly launched the "Red Mark -- Sound Archive of 100 Revolutionary Cultural Relics", which was officially launched on March 22 at the Central Radio and Television Station' Central Broadcasting Voice of China, and was simultaneously launched on new media platforms such as CCTV News, CCTV News, and Yunting. 100 narrators, using the "most beautiful voice" to burn a century of memories.
Burning a century-old memory with my voice, I am Li Lihong, narrator and voice actor of revolutionary cultural relics.
The artifact I am talking about is the red army bag with the "six points of attention" written on it. This 94 cm long and 85 cm wide bag made of coarse cloth was used for a long time by a Red Army soldier during the Jinggangshan period and is now in the collection of the National Museum of China.
The picture shows the red army bag skin with "six points of attention" written on it (Photo by Du Ximeng, a reporter from the Central Broadcasting Corporation)
It followed the soldiers of the Red Army all the way to the wind, sun and rain, witnessing the iron discipline of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Because the cloth is not easy to preserve, the former white cloth has long been discolored and gray, and the handwriting on it is blurred, but it is still possible to distinguish the content of the "six attentions". "(Bundle) grass; doorboard; fairness in buying and selling; words and temperament; repayment of borrowed things, compensation for damage; no spillage of things". The soldiers of the Red Army wrote in neat font the "six points of attention" that Mao Zedong had set for the troops.
Why this discipline should be written on the skin of the bag, it must start from a piece of sweet potato in 1927.
After the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong led his troops south to prepare for the establishment of a revolutionary base area at Jinggangshan. At that time, although the rebel army had formally accepted the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the contingent of workers, peasants and some soldiers of the former National Revolutionary Army was free and scattered, and officers beat soldiers and did not pay for things.
The picture shows the oil painting "Marching toward Jinggangshan" (partial) (Zhao Chiting, Zhao Shuqin, Wang Xiaobai, 1977)
When the troops arrived in Sanwan Village, Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province, it was the season of sweet potato harvest, and on the march, the hungry and thirsty soldiers saw the attractive sweet potatoes growing in the roadside fields, so they did not hesitate to pull up the seedlings, wipe the mud with their sleeves, and devour them. This caused Mao's deep apprehension. Because he knew that the common people had always been afraid and hated the old army that burned, killed, robbed, and plundered, and if they wanted to create a revolutionary base area in Jinggangshan, they must have good relations with the local people and win the trust of the people. Therefore, Mao Zedong was determined to rectify military discipline. A few days later, on a thunderstone in Jingzhu Mountain, Suichuan County, Ji'an, Jiangxi, he pulled his hand and indexed the "three disciplines." In January 1928, the troops captured suichuan county. According to the instructions, the soldiers were to go to the countryside separately and mobilize the masses. Before setting out, when Mao Zedong was conducting discipline education, he announced the earliest "six points of attention" of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, "returning the door panels, baling and laying grass" and other requirements that began to be well known to the common people. At this point, the "three major disciplines and six points of attention" were basically formed, which was also the rudiment of the "first military rule" of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.
Chang Ruiqing, deputy research librarian at the National Museum of China, said the regulations were very specific and necessary at the time. "Because the Red Army was going to fight and march at that time, when camping, it could not live in the homes of ordinary people, just under the eaves, and the door panel was unloaded as a bed board, and it was covered with grass. The next day the assembly set off, and the Red Army soldiers had to go up the door panels and clean up the grass. Some people say that it is necessary to have such a fine provision? In fact, it was precisely because of these strict disciplines that the Red Army was able to build a broad mass base. ”
Mao Zedong asked the troops to write the "three major disciplines and six points of attention" on the wall and on the baguette. Everywhere they went, the soldiers of the Red Army not only did not take the things of the common people indiscriminately, but also took the initiative to help the ordinary people chop firewood, carry water, and clean the yard. Even if they are hungry on the way to the march, eating the buds and sweet potatoes in the people's fields, and it is too late to find the grain owners, they will also write a note explaining the situation in the field and leave silver dollars as compensation, which has left a deep impression on the people.
The picture shows the water tank (replica) paid by the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to the people's homes in the memorial hall of the old site of the promulgation of the "Three Major Disciplines and Six Notes"
The common people sang praises this unit, "The Red Army is really strictly disciplined, its actions obey orders, and it loves the common people and is welcome everywhere."
The picture shows the scene of "Three Disciplines and Six Notes"
Zhou Huifen, president of the Party School of Suichuan County, Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province, said: "With the implementation of the code of conduct of 'three major disciplines and six points of attention', the relationship between our people's army and the people has quickly become harmonious. At that time, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army carried out revolutionary activities in Suichuan for a whole month, during which time many of the sons of the 'old cousins' joined the contingent of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and they identified this contingent and realized that this contingent was for the poor to fight the world. ”
The picture shows the propaganda slogan written on the wall of the local shop during the red fourth army's transition to western Fujian
The pace of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army has been moving forward all the way, through the north and south of the great river, and the "three major disciplines and six points of attention" are also constantly changing and improving.
Mao Zedong changed the phrase "obey the command in action" to "obey the command in all actions" in the three major disciplines, changed "not taking a single thing from the workers and peasants" to "not taking a needle and a thread from the masses," changed "beating up local tycoons to return to the public" to "returning funds to the public," and later changed to "returning all captured to the public."; the six points of attention were also gradually revised and supplemented into eight points of attention: speak kindly, buy and sell fairly, borrow things to be repaid, pay for damages, do not beat people and curse people, do not damage crops, do not flirt with women, and do not abuse prisoners.
The Red Army did not commit any crime against the people in the Jinggangshan area and won the support of the broad masses of the people. From 1930 to the end of 1931, the Red Army smashed three "meetings" launched by the Xianggan Kuomintang army against the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, and the Jinggangshan base area was consolidated and developed.
The iron laws of the Red Army were compiled into lyrics, "Eight Attention Songs of the Three Disciplines of the Red Soldiers", and this loud military song was soon sung among the troops. The soldiers relived the requirements of discipline in their songs, and the good style of the people's army spread with the crisp singing.
From a piece of sweet potato to a needle and a thread, as the unified discipline of the people's army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the "three major disciplines and eight attentions" embody the purpose of building the army to serve the people wholeheartedly. And this piece of baggage with "six points of attention" written on it is also a historical witness to the people's army's beginning to move toward regularization.
The picture shows Huang Yuan explaining at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum
Huang Yuan: "I am a docent at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum, born in 1994. Born in the red land of Jiangxi, the elders of the family always told us the story of the Red Army. Now I have the honor of becoming a revolutionary cultural relics interpreter, and every cultural relics you see is the most vivid historical material in history. Every time I explained, I could feel the hardships of our country from weak to strong, and the strength of our country was bought by countless revolutionaries who dared to shed blood and sacrifice. Therefore, we must cherish this hard-won happiness. Don't forget the original intention, keep in mind the mission. ”
Director system | Liu Xiaolong Gu Yucai
Producer | Gao Yan
Chief planner| Fan Xinzheng Cui Xin
Planning and coordinating | Ding Fei Sun Lujin Feng Shuo Zhu Min
Reporter | Fan Cunbao
Editor| Du Ximeng
Narrator | Lihong
Production | Liu Yifei
Wang Yuan, | new media
The consultant | Xu Pengtang, a researcher at the Central Academy of Party History and Literature