Wen | DuYu Picture | Zhang Xiang
When it comes to Binjiang Road, not only is it known to women and children in Tianjin, but also foreigners are familiar with it. Binjiang Road starts from Zhangzizhong Road in the northeast and reaches Nanjing Road in the southwest, with a total length of more than 2,000 meters. In 1860, the east of present-day North Dagu Road became the French Concession, and in 1886, a road was built, named Ge Gong envoy road, also known as No. 4 Road. At that time, many Guangdong people came here to do business or live, so it was commonly known as Guangdong Street. In 1897, the French Concession was expanded to the west of the present-day Dagu North Road, and after 1900, Ge Gongchang Road was extended to the southwest, called General Foch Road, also known as No. 26 Road, and because there were green trams passing here, it was commonly known as the green tramway. After the repossession of the concession in 1946, the Nationalist government took the name of the former Binjiang Province.
Below: Street view of Riverside Road in the 1930s
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the origin of the name "Doctor Street"</h1>
From 1925 to 1930, with the emergence of four large commercial and financial buildings at the intersection of present-day Binjiang Road and Heping Road, such as persuasion field, traffic hotel, Huizhong Hotel, and Zhejiang Industrial Bank, a bustling commercial center was gradually formed, and the surrounding permanent population became increasingly concentrated, and the adjacent No. 32 Road (now Chifeng Road) was called "Overseer Street" because of the concentration of people in the Beiyang military circles. The gathering of dignitaries and tycoons has greatly inflated the medical demand in this area and attracted many doctors to practice here. By the mid-1930s, hundreds of small hospitals and private clinics had gathered along No. 4 and No. 26 Road (present-day Binjiang Road), No. 32 Road (Chifeng Road), and No. 21 Road (present-day Heping Road) in the French Concession, especially No. 26 Road, which was sometimes known as "Dafu Street".
In addition to the commercial prosperity that facilitates the gathering of popularity and the concentration of wealthy families and the easy to make money, there is another important reason for doctors to gather in the French Concession, that is, to promote economic development, the conditions for practicing medicine here are wider. In contrast, there were more restrictions on practicing medicine in the British and Japanese concessions at that time. Taking the British Concession as an example, non-British medical school graduates are not allowed to open their businesses; on Hong Kong Road (present-day Mu Nan Road) and London Road (present-day Chengdu Road) in the concession area, from Oxford Road (now Xinhua Road) in the east to Dublin Road (now Guilin Road) in the west, it is forbidden for any nationality physician to practice medicine. After 1938, although the relevant policies of the British Concession began to be relaxed, they were still stricter than those of the French Concession.
Because most of the patrons are rich and powerful, the practicing doctors in the French Concession also need considerable qualifications and experience, so that they can gain a foothold. In the private clinics here, Western medicine generally has equipment such as drug dispensing, while Chinese medicine medicine is both sitting in Chinese medicine stores and home for consultation. There is no uniform standard for fees, and in the first and mid-1930s, Western medicine private outpatient clinics charged one to two yuan, and a few also had five corners, and the outpatient fee was five to ten yuan. During the period of hostility and hypocrisy, it fluctuates at any time with the rise and fall of prices. Famous doctors, the fees are higher.
Below: Hehe Dental Hospital on Road 26 in the French Concession
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > TCM on Route 26</h1>
According to telephone number books, newspaper advertisements and the memories of the famous doctor Sun Biru in the 1920s and 1930s, we can know that the people who were practicing TCM on No. 26 Road at that time were Wang Shaoyin, Chen Weichen, Dong Xiaochu, Wang Jiru, Liu Yunhe, Guo Meichen, Zhao Peilin, Tian Naigeng and others.
Wang Shaoyin (1892-1966), a native of Tianjin. Born in a family of traditional Chinese medicine, he studied medicine with his father in his early years and practiced medicine in 1937. He stayed at Huizhong Hotel for a long time, specializing in traditional Chinese medicine and gynecology. In 1952, he established the Peace Chinese Medicine Joint Clinic with Wang Jiru and Sun Youlin, which was nationalized in 1956. In 1957, he participated in the establishment of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Third Hospital. Good treatment of vertigo, "Tsumon Medical Essence" has its medical case.
Chen Weichen (1896-1969), Zi Zhenqi, Hubei Shuishui people. No. 124, No. 26 Road, Zhufa Concession. Born in a family of officials and eunuchs, he is not only good at learning, but also good at calligraphy and painting, and is known as a talent in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Because the Nationalist government in Nanjing discriminated against traditional Chinese medicine and once abolished medicine, he was forced to rely on other professions for a living, and only occasionally practiced medicine in his spare time. In 1934, he served as general secretary of the Bac Ninh Railway Bureau. In 1935, Nampi Jang-hyun wrote a preface to The Five Kinds of Chen Weichen, saying that Chen Shi "reads less than books, so that he can do everything skillfully, but shame on himself." Between the rivers and rivers, twenty years, thinking of showing their ambitions, and finally encountering nothing. The year before, he walked away from Dalian with his mother, and he struggled to have no good doctors, and he began to reveal his technique slightly, which had been effective, and there were 100 people who sought medical treatment every day. In 1956, he went to the Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Second Medical College to work as the director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and retired in 1963. His medical cases and poems were lost during the Cultural Revolution. He once wrote a special article to explain the harm of female foot binding from a medical point of view: due to the lack of exercise, "the lack of qi has become a conclusion, and the layers of compression of the foot are squeezed, and the blood flow is exhausted. A person's daily blood should circulate throughout the body for a week, and if there is a disorder in the foot, its circulation will be retarded."
Dong Xiaochu (1901-1968), a native of Wujin, Jiangsu Province. He studied medicine at an early age, went to Shenyang at the age of 19, and was admitted to Traditional Chinese Medicine the following year. After the "918" incident, Tianjin practiced medicine. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he participated in the work of Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, serving as the director of internal medicine and the vice president of the Chinese Medicine Association, and had a deep understanding of internal medicine, gynecology and pediatrics.
Wang Jiru (1910-1991), alias Wang Qinghong, was a native of Licheng, Shandong. In 1928, he studied medicine with his father in Tianjin. In 1936, he was admitted to the Chinese Medicine Examination. In 1937, he studied under Kong Bohua, one of the four famous doctors in Beijing, and opened his business in 1940. After the founding of new China, he initiated the establishment of the Tianjin Peace Traditional Chinese Medicine Joint Clinic and served as its director. In 1957, he was transferred to Tianjin Sixth Hospital (now Changzheng Hospital) and served as the deputy director and director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine. He is the author of "Wen Sick Confessions" and "The Rest of the Elbow".
Liu Yunhe (1912-1980), given the name Zhili , was a native of Ninghe (now part of Tianjin). He was a physician and was known for his acupuncture and internal medicine. He used to be a medical and health consultant and writer for Tianjin Zhongnan Daily. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the deputy director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin General Hospital and the executive director of Tianjin Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Guo Meichen's biography is unknown, but he has two things worth saying: one is that he took the opportunity to treat Mei Baojiu and recommended his nephew Xi Xiaobo to Mei Lanfang, so that Xi soon became famous; the other is that Wu Peifu asked Guo Yiya before he died, because there were two or two plasters in the medicine, Wu was afraid that the medicine was too strong and refused to take it, so that he was taken by a Japanese doctor and died.
Zhao Peilin and Tian Naigeng also had a high reputation in the field of traditional Chinese medicine in Tianjin at that time and even after liberation, but unfortunately due to the lack of information, we know very little about it.
It is also worth mentioning that Shi Jinmo, one of the four famous doctors in Beijing, also often comes to Tianjin to apply for treatment on No. 26 Road, which is as short as two or three months per year and as long as half a year. Most of its medical treatment places are in Songmaotang, and Sun Biru recalls that he was in the Beichen Hotel, but he did not know whether this was originally two places, or whether Songmaotang was the shop of the Beichen Hotel. Shi Jinmo (1881-1969), a native of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, formerly known as Yuqian, was a famous TCM clinician, educator and reformer in modern China.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Western medicine on Route 26</h1>
Before 1949, the Western doctors who practiced on No. 26 Road included Zhou Songsheng, Dong Liangmin, Xu Weihua, Zi Boqian, Lang Jingheng, Yu Baokang, li Dejiu, Yu Suyin, Shang Bohua, Liu Shaochen (non-Chinese medicine Liu Shaochen), Zhao Xiaobo, Liu Shaoqing, Liu Binru, Liu Yunhe, Li Boheng, etc.
Zhou Songsheng (1879-1964), a native of Anqiu, Shandong, was a famous physiologist. Late Qing Dynasty. After that, he studied at Jinan Higher School. In 1903, he studied in Japan at the university preparatory department of Hirobungakuin College in Tokyo, and in 1907 he was promoted to Kanazawa Medical College and received a bachelor's degree in medicine in 1911. In 1912, he founded the National Beijing Medical College with returning students from Japan, and in 1919 he was sent to the Humboldt University of Berlin to graduate in science, and received a doctorate in medicine from Germany. From April 1922 to December 1923, he was the principal of the National Beijing Medical College. In 1924, he went to Tokyo again to graduate in science at Imperial University, and received his Doctor of Medicine degree in Japan in 1926. In the early 1930s, he returned to Jinan and founded the Shandong Provincial Medical College and served as its principal. After 1949, he was hired as a librarian at the Central Research Museum of Culture and History. He is the author of "Physiology" and "Physical and Physical Examination Law", the latter of which was prefaced by his student, He Cheng, secretary of the Party Group of the Ministry of Health. He died on 10 May 1964. He practiced medicine in the French Concession of Tianjin in the mid-1930s, which is not estimated to be long.
Dong Liangmin, a Manchu, attended Beijing Municipal No. 3 Middle School in his early years, and later entered the Beijing Medical College, where he stayed as a teaching assistant after graduation. In 1920, the students graduated from the Beijing Medical College formed the Ai You Society, with the purpose of connecting feelings, clarifying medical skills, and enhancing human happiness, and Dong Liangmin was one of the 10 directors. In 1931, he was sent by the School of Medicine of Peking University (renamed Beijing Medical College) to study in Germany, specializing in ophthalmology, and obtained a doctorate in medicine. After returning to China, he served as the director of ophthalmology at Tianjin Red Cross Hospital and opened a clinic at No. 126 A, No. 26 Road, French Concession. Later, together with Xu Shuyi and Zhao Xiaobo, he founded Shandong Hospital in Dayingmen. After 1949, he served as a deputy to the Tianjin Municipal People's Congress of all walks of life.
Xu Weihua, a native of Ningbo, attended Tianjin Naval Medical School in his early years and worked in the Tianjin Naval Medical School Hospital after graduation. Because of three consecutive years of unpaid wages, he resigned in 1929, and was wanted by the National Government of Nanjing for the crime of "leaving his post without authorization", and half a year later he repeated the cross official document of "Gu Nian Yu Belly From the Public, Folding the Crime with Merit", and the matter was not resolved. He studied in the United States, specializing in radiology. Around 1934, together with Shen Hongxiang (China's first forensic doctor, the father of the famous musician Shen Xiang), Weng Wenlan, Shi Huaipu and Sun Biru, five people raised funds to establish a private Jinning Hospital, which was divided into outpatient and inpatient parts at the intersection of ErdaoJiekou on Dongma Road, and the consultation fee was halved compared with their private clinics. Five people are treated regularly for two hours a day, and the rest of the time they are still at home. In 1937, the hospital was closed before the fall of Tianjin. Its private clinic is located at 128 26th Road.
Zi Boqian (1910-1979), chief repair. Originally from Shandong, he was born in Tianjin. After graduating from Shenyang Nanman Medical University, he then studied in Japan, and after returning to Tianjin, he opened the Tongren Clinic (now the site of Binjiang Commercial Building, before demolition, no. 235 Binjiang Road) on No. 26 Road in the French Concession, and was a well-known specialist in dermatology and urology. In 1953, the clinic was closed and he served as a factory doctor at Zhenhua Paper Mill in Shuigu Town. He lived in London, London Road in his early years. His father-in-law, Yang Shihu (号承甫), was a former manager of the bank of Hebei Province. His wife, Yang Yigeng, graduated from Tianjin Municipal Normal School, is an important member of the Gusong Opera Troupe, and played the role of Si Feng when "Thunderstorm" was first performed in China.
Lang Jingheng, a famous dentist. Clinics were opened simultaneously on 26th Road in the French Concession and on the 3rd Road of the Italian Concession. He is a medical doctor in the United States Xu Jingwen Gaozu, who has been studying for sixteen years. In 1937, the Tianjin Telephone Bureau of the Ministry of Communications compiled and printed the "Tianjin Telephone Book" published an advertisement, claiming that it was "knowledgeable and experienced." Treat all dental diseases and keep them well regularly. Dental augmentation for comfort and durability. Equipped with medicated toothpaste, dental powder, tooth perfume, gums and solid teeth, great potency. Preparation of lizhi wind and fire toothache medicine surface, standing insect toothache medicinal cotton. Symptomatic use, effective as God. Inexpensive and simple to use "cloud cloud."
Yu Baokang's clinic is also quite famous, and its "Beiyang Pictorial" medical advertising said that "in the flower willow disease, chronic gonorrhea is the most difficult to eradicate, and Western medicine Yu Baokang has more than ten years of experience in the flower willow department... Not only is there no pain, but it heals quickly and never suffers." He is the author of the "Flower Willow Disease Series", which was self-printed and published in 1933.
In addition, Li Dejiu, Yu Suyin, Shang Bohua, Liu Shaochen, Zhao Xiaobo, Liu Shaoqing, Liu Binru, Liu Yunhe, Li Boheng and other Western doctors are also good at being famous in the French Concession, but unfortunately the author did not find more information, only that Li Dejiu graduated from Peking Union Medical College, and Yu Suyin specialized in obstetrics (the clinic is at No. 104, No. 26 Road).
Below: East Asia Hospital is on the left
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > hospital on Route 26</h1>
On 26th Road in the French Concession, in addition to numerous private clinics, there are also many small hospitals. Among them, which has lasted for a long time and has a certain scale, are East Asian hospitals and general hospitals.
Dongya Hospital was built in 1920. At that time, the Japanese Tamura Shunji negotiated with Marshal Foch of France and built a hospital in the French Concession alone, and finally chose the site at No. 26 Road (now the outpatient building of Binjiang Hospital). Toshiji Tamura died in 1944, and the hospital was continued to be run by his son, Yatai Tamura. After the restoration of Tianjin in 1945, it was taken over by the Nationalist government and renamed the Sixth Temporary Hospital. In the 1920s and 1930s, the temple held a chrysanthemum viewing party as usual in November every year, and more than 500 kinds of chrysanthemums were exhibited at its peak, but it was necessary to be introduced before it could be visited.
The date of the establishment of the public hospital is difficult to know, but during the fall of Tianjin, its person in charge was Jiang Jiwu, and its address was No. 332 Binjiang Road, the old first district. The hospital had a branch at No. 116 North Road in the old eighth district, and at that time there were 60 private beds and 26 medical staff.
Private hospitals named after the founders are Hung Dian Dental Specialty Hospital, Qi Ya Hospital and Li Zitao Hospital. Hongdian Dental SpecialTy Hospital, located at No. 103, No. 26 Road, French Concession, is founded by Zhang Hongdian. He began to be a professor at the School of Medicine of Zhejiang University in 1946, and after the hospital merged with the Zhejiang Provincial Medical College in 1952 to become the Zhejiang Medical College, he served as the director and vice president of the Department of Infectious Diseases, and was honored with the second class merit by the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army for his outstanding achievements in the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis. Kaia Hospital is located at No. 120 A, No. 26 Road, French Concession, the founder of Feng Qiya, German medical doctor, specializing in gynecology and pediatrics, and co-translated with Zhou Songsheng the Japanese Nakamura Masaji's "Pediatrics", published by the New Medical Bookstore in 1935. She was the aunt of the famous scholar Zhao Yuanren. Li Zitao studied in Japan and is good at internal medicine. Its hospital is located at 204, No. 26 Road, French Concession, opposite East Asia Hospital.
About Li Zitao, there is a rather thrilling experience. At the beginning of 1941, Shu Jiheng was ordered by the Kuomintang Military Command Bureau to come to Tianjin to build an independent hidden radio station, and Shu was introduced by his classmate's cousin and met Li. One day Shu went to Li's house, and Li's wife said that Li had been kidnapped in the name of visiting the doctor, and returned at the end of the third day. During the conversation, a Japanese (Japanese) member of the Japanese Gendarmerie Corps at Haiguang Temple came to talk to Li Zitao's family, saying that Li Zitao was suspected of having an eight-way fornication and was now being held in the Japanese Gendarmerie. In the afternoon, Du went to Li's house to investigate, and that night Li was released and returned home. Regarding the arrest of Li Zitao, it was not until 1950 that the Japanese gendarmerie interpreter Zhang Fulai wrote the confession materials, and it turned out to be an unjust case fabricated by a traitor for fraudulent money. However, because of this accidental case, Shu Jiheng became acquainted with a Japanese named Du. After the Japanese army took over the British concession at the end of 1941, Du had led people to check the household registration and register the radio three times, and Shu was taken care of by Du and posted a "Check Ji" note on the door. As for Li Zitao, it is said that he will never go out for medical treatment again.
In addition, there are two special types of medical institutions on No. 26 Road in the French Concession: one is the Healthy Psychiatric Treatment Center, no. 150 Zhongheli, No. 26 Road, and the other is the Tianjin Hualiu Disease Clinic, at No. 118 No. 26 Road. In addition to the main treatment of Hualiu disease, the Hualiu Disease Clinic also combines internal surgery and skin diseases, and promotes the "latest smoking cessation method", and the practitioners of the institute include chief physician Liu Shaochen and physician Yin Shouzeng. In 1959, Liu co-authored a paper on the treatment of fistula in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which was published in Tianjin Medicine Magazine.
Below: A recent photo of the Kitay Building
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > famous doctor in the Kitay Building</h1>
The famous doctors on Binjiang Road are mainly concentrated in the original French Concession No. 26 Road, and The Fourth Road is basically limited to the Kitai Building (now known as the Changtai Building, the door number is No. 109-123 Binjiang Road), which was the location of the Kitai Engineering Department, the largest architectural design firm in China before 1949, and in addition to its own use, it was also rented out in large quantities. According to relevant information and recollections, there are Western doctors Zhu Xianyi, Li Zongyao, Guan Songkai, Liang Baoping, Shi Huaipu, Chen Guanzhang, and Chinese medicine practitioner Gu Zhenying practicing medicine in the Jitai Building.
Zhu Xianyi (1903-1984) was one of the founders and founders of clinical endocrinology in China, and was known as the "father of contemporary calcium and phosphorus metabolism". A native of Tianjin, he graduated from Peking Union Medical College in 1930 with a doctorate. From 1936 to 1937, he did postdoctoral research at Harvard Medical School. After 1949, he successively served as the president of Tianjin Medical College, the director of Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, the president of Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences, and the executive director of the Chinese Medical Association, the chairman of the Chinese Internal Medicine Society, and the chairman of the Chinese Endocrinology Society.
Li Zongyao (1892-1975), a native of Shunde, Guangdong, lived in Tianjin for a long time. While studying at the Tangshan Road Mine School, he was expelled for participating in the May Fourth Movement. Later, he was admitted to Tianjin Naval Medical School and was a graduate of the 13th class. In 1920, he went to the United States to study, and successively entered the Department of Tropical Diseases of Harvard University and the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Vanchonia. After returning to China in 1923, he served as an ophthalmologist at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, a physician at the Beining Railway Bureau, a physician at Tianjin Beiyang Women's Hospital, and a physician at Tanggu Permanent Hospital. In 1924, he assisted Hong Linge and Lian Yinong in organizing the Daren Poverty Hospital in Tianjin to treat occupational and eye diseases for nearby carpet workers. After the "July 7" incident, an eye clinic was set up in the Kitai Building. In 1946, he returned to Tanggu Permanent Hospital as a physician. After 1949, he served as a physician of Yizhong Tobacco Company, a professor of Hebei Medical College, a consultant of Tianjin Eye Hospital and the director of ophthalmology of Tianjin Second Central Hospital, and contributed greatly to the professional development of ophthalmology in Tianjin. He is said to be sexually silent, loves to read, and rarely socializes.
Guan Songkai, graduated from Peking Union Medical College, studied in the United States, and worked at his alma mater after returning to China. In 1942, Peking Union Medical College was occupied by the Japanese invading army, and he went to Tianjin with Bian Wannian, Bian Xuejian, Wang Zhiyi, Fang Xianzhi, Lin Jingkui, etc., to open Enguang Hospital as a joint venture. His clinic in Kitay's big arm is located in Room 212, and it is said that his surgical work is precise, disciplined, and generally self-sufficient. Kwan Song Kai Min is cautious in his words and deeds, and has a scholarly demeanor.
Liang Baoping's clinic is located on the second floor of the Jitai Building, and its advertisement published in the Beiyang Pictorial said that it could treat ophthalmology, otolaryngology, internal surgery, tuberculosis, skin flowers, drenching, gynecology and infant diseases, and also specially introduced various equipment of the clinic, such as sunlight lamps, heat lamps, distillation motors, diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, refractive mirror motors, etc., which were relatively advanced at the time, so they were especially revealed in the advertisement.
(Editor: Zhang Xiang [email protected])