【Original】
Zi Yue: "Look at its cause, look at its cause, and see what it is." Who's who? Who's who? ”
【Vernacular】
Confucius said, "Look at what he did in his daily life, observe what he did in the past, and examine his intentions." How else can this person hide? How else can this person hide? ”
【Explanation】
So: take, do, do. So, what is done, what is done. Press: Zhu Zi xie as "for" may be derived from the "Book of The Great Dai Li".
By: by, by, by. The cause indicates what has been done in the past, and what it comes from.
Soan: The heart that exists, the place where the heart is, refers to the heart. "Justice": "Those who are 'safe' will stop at what they want." Liu Zongzhou: "The people's hearts have their own peace, and it is the peace and diary decision." Accumulate and become accustomed to it, settle in it, and not know it. ”
Justice: "The one who has always been: 'Therefore' is what is done on the same day, and the end is also done; 'by' is what is done the day before, and 'what is at peace' is where the intention is, and in peacetime, it is also the beginning." ”
Seeing, Observing, And Observing: These three words have a shallow and deep order. "The Biography of Yu Liang": "Common things are known as vision, very much as view." Liu Yuan: "Look at the slightest and look at the details." Zhu Ziyi's 'inspection' is further detailed. "Sayonara": "Examine, review also." Chen Xiang said, "What you see is to see, what you see is to see, and what you see is to see." ”
Ren Yan Miao: 焉, that is, "An", means "how, where". Hidden, hidden. Qian Mu: "Judging by the above-mentioned law of looking at people, their people will have no way to hide." ”
【Sage Essence】
The Interpretation of the Four Books says: This chapter is Confucius's way of saying and looking at people. The method of contemplation of people, according to the traces of the heart, from the very small, is a complete source of learning.
Liu Yuanyue: Talents are different, and their achievements must be judged by all words and appearances, and only when their lives are considered and their aspirations are firm, they can be determined.
Dai Wangyue: Li, the secretary of state and the grand master all choose the wise and use it. When the Spring and Autumn Period came, Shi Qing monopolized the country and closed the path of the sages, so Confucius Chen Wen Wang's way of officials and people thought it was Dafa.
Li Bingnan: How to know people, the three verses of "visual observation" in this chapter are the methods of knowing people. Seeing, observing, and observing are righteous in the shallow and deep orders. To "see why" is to look at what the person usually does. "Look at the reason", which can also be said to see how this person does things from a distance, that is, from the special deeds of the past, to further understand this person. "Observe what he is at peace", as far as the things he has seen and observed above are concerned, and examine in detail how he looks after he has done things, so as to clarify his original intentions. Pan Weicheng said: "If you do good and be at peace, you will be good and advance day by day." If there has been peace, evil accumulates day by day. ”
The Analects of the Commentary on the Analects say: This chapter speaks of the Law of Knowing Man. See what they do (press: everyday), look at what they have passed (press: past), and see where they are located (press: where they are in the mind). Knowing the law of man, but observing its end, is it possible for man to hide his feelings? Again, it is clear that affection cannot be hidden.
Jiang Xiyue: It is difficult to know the sincerity of words, and it is possible to take the three, and it is possible to recognize them closely.
Tang Wenzhi said: To know the needs of people, we must first look at ourselves, self-contemplate, and self-examine, and then we can know people.
The Analects of Justice: (The Great Dai Li) and Yun: Examine what they do, look at their reasons, and look at their safety, which is called "seeing the center". Those who are "in the middle" are sincere in it, and this is seen in the outside, occupying the front and the back, occupying the hidden with its seeing, and occupying the large with its small. Then, therefore, the reason, the peace, are all "in sight" The Master took it as the method of knowing people, and covered these three words.
Zhu Ziyi: Although things are good, those who have not been good in what they intend to do are not good, and they must not be gentlemen. Although the cause is good, but the one who is happy in the heart is not in it, then it is also a false ear, how can it not be changed for a long time?
The Four Books of Doubt says: He who covers "so" also says what he is doing; he who "is by" says that his deeds come from the source of his deeds; and he who is "safe" also says that his heart is determined by the place where he is determined. In the way of contemplating man, we must first regard what he is doing: although he who is doing what is good, he cannot be considered a gentleman; although he who is doing something is not good, he cannot be considered a villain. It is necessary to look more at the origin of his deeds, in order to examine the determination of the original heart, then Wang Mang's heart is the lord of the usurper, Yi Yin's heart is the lord of the king, and at this point, the truth of the good and evil of the gentleman's villain can be judged.
The "Songyang Lecture Notes" says: Those who are unpredictable in their feelings and hypocrisy and the dangers of the world's roads, those who know who are responsible for others but do not know to blame themselves; those who know the knowledge of others cannot be scholars, and those who know the heavens but do not know to blame themselves are also. It is also necessary to know that this is the case with man, but it is not the way to treat others: a good is desirable, and it is not to be forgiving up. When scholars today read this chapter, they must first observe the method of the saints in looking at people, and whether what they do is good or not. What is good, what is intended is good? Willing rather than reluctant? If there is nothing good, it must be cleansed of oneself, so that it is thorough inside and out, and none of it can be seen by the saints, and it is necessary to learn from oneself. The saints will be faithful to others, and they will be meticulous in their observation.
Lü Wancun: Knowing words is therefore the one who knows people. Knowing people is the virtue of sex, the use of wisdom, not the place of doing work. Mortal humanity is no different from ancient times to the present. The saint is exhausted, can know the situation of all kinds of ghosts and gods, and his way is solid, not for the treachery of the last days, but for the saint to establish the art of hook distance.
Qian Mu Yue: This chapter is based on the traces to observe the mind, from the facts to the voyeur, and those who do not have to look at people can ignore their minds, and scholars will elaborate on it.
【Appendix】
Chen Xiangdao: Therefore, those who act are also; those who are by and what they tend to are also; those who are at peace and those who are at peace are also those who are at peace. It is difficult to know why it is so, not to see what can be done, so it is to see; it is difficult to know what is in place, not to see what can be seen, so it is observed. Yan Yuan uses it to do what he gives and hides, so he also; may there be no good deeds and no labor, and his reasons are also; March is not violated, the dark alleys are not changed, and his peace is also. The ancient viewer may be refined to the nine virtues, and its coarseness may stop at the nine tests. Or the eyes of the view, or the eyebrows of the gain. Although their views are different, they must be only three.