Although the living standard has improved, when it comes to the "four harms", we are still talking about the color change, and the "four harms" are all-pervasive, and it is difficult to get rid of them no matter what. So which four evils are the four evils?
fly
According to statistics from the end of the 1970s, there are more than 120,000 species of insects in 132 families of dipterodactyls in the world, of which there are more than 34,000 species in 64 families of flies. The main fly species are the house fly (pictured right), the city fly, the mercerized green fly, and the big-headed gold fly.
Physiological characteristics
Flies have the physiological characteristics of laying eggs for life at one mating, and a female fly can lay eggs 5-6 times in a lifetime, with about 100-150 eggs per spawn, up to about 300 grains. It can breed 10-12 generations in a year. Flies are insects that are active frequently during the day and have obvious phototropism. At night, it perchs still. Activities and habitats depend on fly species, season, temperature and region. In some seasons, stable rot flies, summer side flies, and city flies also invade the house. The big-headed golden fly, the mercerized green fly, the fly, the volley fly, the hemp fly, etc. are mainly active and inhabit the outdoors.
Suitable temperature
The activity of flies is greatly affected by temperature. It can only crawl at 4 ~ 7 ° C, can fly at 10 ~ 15 ° C, can feed, mate and lay eggs above 20 ° C, is especially active at 30 ~ 35 ° C, stops moving due to overheating at 35 ~ 40 °C, and dies at 45 ~ 47 °C.
Flying technology
Flies are good at flying. The flight speed can reach 6 to 8 kilometers per hour, and the maximum flight speed is 8 to 18 kilometers per day and night. However, it is usually active within a radius of 100 to 200 meters in the breeding ground, and most of them do not exceed 1 to 2 kilometers.
Wintering method
The way flies overwinter is quite complex. It can overwinter in a pupae state, as well as in the form of fly maggots and adults. In the northern cold and temperate regions, there are no active houseflies in nature, but there are still adult flies in the artificially heated indoors, and the greenhouse greenhouse often becomes the birthplace of a large number of flies in the warm spring of the following year. In Jiangnan and parts of Northern China, where the average winter temperature is below 0 °C, flies can subtly overwinter in a pupal state, and maggots covered with livestock and poultry manure can be found in a few areas of the dormant female flies. In tropical South Asia, where the average temperature is above 5 °C, flies do not have a dormant state and can continue to breed.
The harm of flies
Flies grow and fly among garbage dumps, toilets, rotting animal carcasses, and pus, blood, sputum, and vomit, and forage for food from them. It carries tens of thousands of bacteria, viruses and parasitic eggs on its surface and abdomen. Flies have the habit of eating, vomiting, and pulling, where they fly, where food, food utensils will be contaminated by bacteria, viruses, insect eggs, when people eat contaminated food or use contaminated food utensils, intestinal infectious diseases or parasitic diseases can occur.
Eradication and control measures
(1) Focus on environmental governance, eliminate the evil land of flies, strengthen the management of garbage and feces, and make garbage silt to Nissan Nissin, and carry out harmless treatment. Public toilets should be managed by special personnel, regularly cleaned and flushed, so that there are no maggots and no flies.
(2) Use a combination of beating and drug killing to eliminate indoor and outdoor flies, reduce their density, and use malathion, hypothion, enemy insects, and inulin drugs to spray the places where flies are active, and poison and kill flies. At the same time, it is necessary to vigorously promote the elimination of the first generation of adult flies in the spring.
(3) Cooked foods such as meals and pastries, as well as washing dishes and chopsticks, should be stored in a gauze cabinet or covered with a gauze cover to prevent contamination by flies.
mosquito
One of the four pests - mosquitoes
The average lifespan of mosquitoes is not long, 3-10 days for females and 10-20 days for males. Mosquitoes are divided into males and females, and the antennae of male mosquitoes are filamentous, and the antennae hairs are generally thicker than those of female mosquitoes. Their food is nectar and plant juice. Female mosquitoes need to bite the animal to suck blood to promote the maturation of the inner eggs. There is a substance in the saliva of mosquitoes that has a vasodilatory and anticoagulant effect, which makes it easier for blood to flow to the bite. The substance in the saliva of mosquitoes causes the skin of the bitten person to appear wrapped and itchy. Each bite and suck about one-fifth of a milliliter of blood, and after each full meal, it will fly back to the vicinity of its birthplace. Mosquitoes usually move within 2 km of their place of birth, but can travel up to 180 km at their farthest range.
Breeding life
Each female mosquito produces a total of about 1,000-3,000 eggs, which they generally lay on the surface of the water and hatch into aquatic larvae two days later. Feeding on algae in the water, they undergo 4 peeling cycles before they grow into pupae, float on the surface of the water, and eventually the pupal epidermis ruptures and larvae are born. The life history of mosquitoes includes eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult worms, generally eggs for 1-2 days, larval stage 5-7 days, pupal 2-3 days, adult feathering to blood-sucking egg laying 3-7 days, the entire generation of about 1-2 weeks.
Main hazards
1. Spreading diseases
About 700 million people are infected with mosquitoes every year, and 1 in every 17 people die from various diseases infected by mosquitoes. Especially in the tropics, a variety of infectious diseases are often transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. But in most temperate countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, mosquito bites usually only itch, not infect the disease.
2. Disturb the rest
I believe that everyone has been noisy by the sound of mosquitoes, and that voice has been turning to the side, and it is difficult to sleep
Prevention and control measures
Physical mosquito repellent
1. Eliminate the living environment of mosquitoes
Some living environment is poor, there is a lot of stagnant water around, and it is necessary to spray drugs frequently, which is not only difficult to kill mosquitoes, but also costs a lot of money. So you may wish to use some physical methods to kill mosquitoes.
Solution: Clean up the garbage in time and do not leave stagnant water.
2. Soapy water
Close the doors and windows, place a basin in front of the window, add some water mixed with washing powder to the basin, and the next day there will be some dead mosquitoes in the basin."
By continuing to use this method every day, it is almost possible to no longer have to spray insecticide to kill mosquitoes. And there will be fewer mosquitoes.
3. Garlic, vitamin B
There are also two anti-mosquito magic weapons that you must try, which are garlic and (peanut) vitamin B.
4. Salt water, toothpaste
If you are accidentally bitten by mosquitoes, do not rush to scratch with your hands. Bring a little salt water or toothpaste, and the picture in the affected area can quickly help you stop itching.
The used mosquito coil tablets that have lost their medicinal power, gently drip a few drops of wind oil essence, plug in the power supply, you can achieve a strong mosquito repellent effect, and save the pills. In the event of a power outage, you can also take one or two used pills, one piece of ignition, after a few minutes, you can play a role in repelling mosquitoes.
There are also mosquito repellents and mosquito coils, which are good choices.
mouse
The first of the four evils
Generally out of the night and day, by smell to know where there is food, very flexible and cunning, afraid of people, out of the hole when the two front paws on the side of the hole, left to look right, indeed feel safe before the hole, it likes to establish a fixed route between the nest - food - water source to avoid danger. Agile mice are mostly active and foraging at night, and nocturnal mice can detect moving objects in very dark light, and mice that are active during the day have better vision. The drilling ability is very obvious, often in the wall, the cattle circle, the warehouse gang. Strong memory and refusal to eat Changing part of it in a familiar environment will immediately cause it to be alert, not daring to move forward, and daring to move forward after repeated familiarization. If attacked, it will avoid the place for a long time. With the exception of humans, rats are the fastest and most successful mammals. For example, a domestic rat that is often active in human living areas can be conceived up to eight times a year, and each fetus can give birth to four to seven young mice.
Specific hazards
1. Rat feces and urine will contaminate food
Rats like to move around, especially near food sources, and around hiding places to defecate and urine, which is mainly the rat's territorial occupation and leaving safety information for companions. Mouse bodies and paws are very dirty, so it is very easy to expose food.
2. Mice themselves carry viral bacteria that can be transmitted to humans
More than 35 kinds of diseases can be transmitted in rats, of which plague, epidemic haemorrhagic fever, and typhus are the most harmful. Rats are host carriers of many viruses and pose a major threat to human life and health. Therefore, the extermination of rats has become the first of the four evils of human beings.
3. The innate grinding habit of rats will destroy the production of daily necessities
Rats naturally like to grind their teeth because their teeth grow every day, and if they don't bite and grind their teeth every day, the rats will have difficulty eating. Therefore, teeth grinding is a daily thing that rats do, and rats are also given the title of King of Destruction. Cables, electrical boxes, clothing, raw material packaging, etc. will be ruthlessly damaged by rats.
Therefore, the packaging materials or construction equipment damaged by rat bites are quite considerable, and according to statistics, a quarter of unexplained fires in the United States may be caused by rat bites on wires.
4. Rats like to punch holes and destroy the foundation of the building
Rats punching holes poses a serious threat to the foundation of buildings, hollowing out the underground mud, causing local collapse and endangering the safety of human life and property. Therefore, when people do building construction, the foundation must be made of anti-rat layer or barrier belt.
5. Rats stealing and destroying crops affect food production
Rats are also very damaging to crops, especially during the harvest season, people do not control rats, food production will be greatly reduced and wasted, these losses are unacceptable to people.
6. The developed fertility of rats is easy to cause rat infestation
Rat fertility is very developed, people have such a description of rat fertility and reproduction: one male and one female, two hundred and five a year. Such an amazing rate of reproduction, if people can not effectively control, then it will inevitably cause rat infestation, and ultimately endanger the survival and development of human beings.
Rats are rodents with large and small body shapes. There are many kinds of varieties, there are more than 450 kinds. It is numerous and reproduces quickly, has a strong vitality, eats almost anything, and can live anywhere. It will punch holes, climb trees, climb mountains, wade in the water, and waste food, spread diseases, and cause great harm to humans, so it has been hit by humans, but it is a family of animals that fight without dying and cannot be broken, so the word "rat" has a "mortar" on its head, which means "able to withstand pounding". The reason why the rat is revered as "old" is because it is like a retired pensioner, eating and drinking all day long, without labor.
Rats are very easy to adapt to the human living environment, so they become the main harmful animals. Rats often haunt sewers, toilets, kitchens, etc., moving back and forth between bacteria-carrying places and clean places, and spreading pathogenic bacteria through rat feet, body hair and stomach carriers.
How to control brown house rats
1. In recent years, many hotels (at the bottom), hotels, entertainment venues, etc., after investigation, the distribution density of brown rats has shown an upward trend, becoming the dominant rat species in some places. Brown rats originate from sewers and external environments, mostly dig holes near water sources and food to live, is a typical omnivore, meat and vegetarian, partial to eat meat, it can eat a variety of foods, such as grain, vegetables, meat and fish, garbage, feces and so on. At present, due to the abundant food sources, kitchen waste substances and many domestic garbage in the city, many buildings in the current urban construction do not have good anti-rat facilities, resulting in brown rats entering residential areas and restaurants and hotels through various channels, so that the number of urban brown rats has increased sharply. Because the brown rat is often active in the hidden sewers that are difficult to inspect and control. Therefore, to control the brown rat, the needle should first work the source of the brown rat (sewer). Secondly, it is necessary to study the activity rules and routes of brown rats in the kitchen at night (mainly on the ground and on various pipes). The third is to target the drug, forcing the brown rat to put on the body, foot, and sticking to the drug.
2. Rat control effect and use of rat poison: Rat pest control is a complex comprehensive management project, which can be controlled by chemical or non-chemical methods. Non-chemical methods, such as maintaining environmental hygiene, using anti-rat facilities, etc. However, chemical methods (rodenticides) are still one of the main means of integrated management and are the main content of most current rodent control programmes. Because the advantages of chemical control are economical and practical, simple operation, fast effect and high extinction efficiency.
cockroach
Name Chinese scientific name cockroach alias cockroach, taxonomy insecta, cockroaches (Blattaria). Sometimes referred specifically to the cockroach family (Blattidae), the characteristic body is flattened, dark brown, and usually medium in size. The head is small and can move. The antennae are filamentous and the compound eyes are developed. The wings are flat, the forewings are leathery and the hindwings are membranous, and the anterior and posterior wings are basically equal in size and cover the back of the abdomen; some species have no wings. Not good at flying, can sprint. Not completely perverted. Eggs are laid in the sheath of the eggs. There are about 6,000 species (more than 2,250 species), mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Living in the wild or indoors.
Traces back to other insects originating in the Devonian Period, where carrions prefer nocturnal and live in caves. It can withstand the test of extreme heat and cold, and is widely distributed. Cockroaches are one of the oldest insects on the planet and once lived in the same era as dinosaurs. According to fossil evidence, primitive cockroaches appeared on Earth during the Silurian period about 400 million years ago. The fossils of cockroaches we found, or cockroaches found in coal and amber, were not much different from those found in the cabinets. Its appearance has not changed much in the past hundred million years, but its vitality and adaptability have become more and more tenacious, and it is widely distributed in all corners of the world. It is worth mentioning that a cockroach with a decapitated head can survive for 9 days, and the cause of death after 9 days is excessive starvation.
harm
1. Spreading germs: The most dangerous bacteria carried by cockroaches are Mycobacterium leprosy, Bacillus bubonicum infected with bubonic plague, and Para dysentery bacillus with pediatric diarrhea.
2. Biting: Cockroaches will crawl on people's bodies to bite people, and there are bites infected with the virus.
3. Polluted environment: Cockroaches have the habit of eating and pulling, and things that are crawled by cockroaches may be contaminated, affecting hygiene.
4. Electrical appliances malfunction: Because of the habit of cockroach biting, it leads to malfunction and short circuit of communication equipment, computers, etc.
Cockroach control tips
1, artificial hunting: eliminate adults and larvae, during the day can clean the cabinets and drawers, see the hunt. At night, you can turn on the lights every half hour after 8 o'clock in places with cockroaches, such as kitchens, food processing rooms, warehouses, etc., and you can get better results.
2, booby trap: with a small mouth of a large glass bottle, smeared with sesame oil (or sesame oil) around the mouth, put some fragrant food in the bottle, at night it is placed in a place with more cockroaches, cockroaches crawl into the bottle, the next morning hunting. The drug ant-hop has a desirable effect on booby-trapping cockroaches.
3, hot killing: cockroaches are not heat-resistant, and die in a few minutes at 60 degrees Celsius. Boiling water can be poured into the slit of a hidden cockroach and burned to death.
4, blockage: for cockroaches in the hidden seam, cement or clay caulking can be used to make it impossible to climb out and starve to death.
5. Medicinal killing: ant-cockroach, aerosol insecticides, permethrins, enemy insects, etc. are effective.
Eliminate the positive effects of the four evils
Control vector infectious diseases and protect people's health
The world has found 252 pathogens such as germs, viruses, treponemal, and rickettsia, and the "four pests" can carry up to 114 species.
Flies can spread dozens of diseases, of which the common ones are: dysentery, hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis, food poisoning, trachoma, polio, roundworms, cholera, typhoid fever, anthrax, tetanus, polio, viral hepatitis, cysticercosis, ascariasis, etc.; mosquitoes transmit malaria, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, dengue fever, yellow fever and other diseases; rats transmit various zoonotic diseases, can carry more than 200 pathogens, of which 57 can cause disease, and the most harmful to humans are: plague, Epidemic hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, etc.; cockroaches transmit dysentery, typhoid fever, polio, adenovirus, viral hepatitis, salmonella, hepatitis, ascariasis, in addition to food mildew to produce carcinogenic aflatoxin.
Plague is a great threat to humans, with three pandemics in the world and the first in the 6th century, which killed half of the population of the Eastern Roman Empire. A second pandemic occurred in 1350, killing more than 25 million people in Europe. The third pandemic in the 18th century killed 15 million people in Europe, a quarter of the population at the time, and later spread to Asia to die more than 40 million people, accounting for one-third of the population in the affected areas. In China, the plague is still endemic in Yunnan, Gansu and Inner Mongolia, threatening the human world at all times. The incidence of rat-borne epidemic haemorrhagic fever remains high, and it is found in most provinces and cities in China. The incidence of rat-borne typhoid fever is also expanding.
Eliminate the "four pests", reduce the incidence of disease, and protect the health of the people. After decades of work to eliminate the "four pests", most of the diseases with the "four pests" as the media have been effectively controlled, and many infectious diseases such as cholera, plague, malaria, filariasis, epidemic encephalitis, dengue fever, etc. that have been rampant and have caused serious harm to people's lives have been effectively controlled, some have reached a very low level, and the incidence of related infectious diseases has also dropped significantly, especially in cities, the disease spectrum and death spectrum have changed. People's life expectancy is longer, except for the relationship between the "four pests" and the eradication of diseases is not as prominent and direct as in the past, but it is still an important reason for the epidemic of some infectious diseases.
Protect social productive forces and promote economic construction and development
Protect the workforce, reduce diseases, be physically strong, and speed up economic construction. Many poor households in China are caused by disease, and a hemorrhagic fever in a farmer produces a poor household, so it is possible to get rid of poverty and become rich by eliminating pests and preventing diseases. The World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recognizes that about 20% of the world's agriculture is lost to rat infestations, with an average of 18 pounds of food per rat being wasted per year. Rats also chewed on clothes, destroyed buildings,, forests, and grasslands. Rats enter the distribution room to bite the cable, drill into the transformer to cause a short circuit, causing power outages, causing huge economic losses; 20% of the food produced in the world is eaten by rats; 15 to 20% of industrial power outages are caused by rats; and a quarter of the perpetrators of fires are rats. Flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches also disturb the tranquility of people and animals and hinder the construction of productive forces.
Improve the investment environment and promote reform and opening up
With the deepening of reform and opening up, all of them are actively absorbing foreign capital, and in addition to the "four harms" is also one of the important means to improve the investment environment. For the majority of urban residents, the existence of the "four pests" is not mainly to spread the epidemic, but to bring harassment. The level of the density of the "four pests" is still an indirect indicator of whether the environment is dirty or not, reflecting the depth and breadth of a city's comprehensive improvement, and the reduction of the density of the four pests indicates the improvement of the quality of the living environment.
Of course, eliminating the four evils also has a negative impact
The existence of all things in the world must have its own reason, and the existence of the four evils is also part of the ecosystem, and people cannot interfere too much
The above is based on the preparation of information