"Return the pearl of the king with tears, hate not to meet when not married", because she is married to a woman, refuse the lingering affection of the person she loves, and return the precious pearl he sent back, Zhang Yuan's poem has always been regarded as a chaste woman's rejection of the amorous person, but when she returns the pearl, why do she have to weep with her eyes? I'm afraid that in her heart, she is not completely indifferent to the person who gave the pearl. Maybe her current marriage is not happy, maybe she also wants to boldly pursue new love in the past, but the worldly etiquette does not tolerate, even if there is more affection, it can only turn into a hatred, only hate that I did not know you when I was not married.
When Zhang Zhi wrote this poem a thousand years ago, he certainly did not expect that the artistic conception in the poem would get a most moving interpretation during the Republic of China period. The hero of the story is the modern entrepreneur and poet Zhang Xiao, and the heroine is Shen Shou, an embroidery master in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Zhang Jian once gave Shen Shou a couplet: "Embroidery Duan Bao's Qingyu Case, the Pearl is tied in the Red Luo Skirt", because Zhang Yuan's "Festival Woman Yin", the intention of "Pearl" has long had a different meaning, Zhang Xiao, as a person who was admitted to the Yuanyuan at the end of the Qing Dynasty, could not fail to understand the twists and turns in it, and the reason why he wrote this is because he and Shen Shou do have a relationship that is constantly cut and chaotic.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > was born in Suzhou, the "capital of embroidery", 7 years old to get needles, 15 years old to be known for their proficiency in embroidery</h1>
There is heaven on the top, there is Su Hang, Su Hang has produced beautiful women since ancient times, but also out of talented women, in 1874 Shen Shou was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, the father Shen Chun is a confucian businessman with high cultural attainment. Shen Shou's maiden name turned out to be a name that sounded a hundred times better than shen shou's name, and her father gave her the name Xuezhi( 雪芝), the number Xuemi.
"Snow zhi offers liquid, Lu Ju pours jin."
Snow zhi grows on the snow mountain of the Tianshan Mountains at an altitude of several kilometers, and is a very precious medicinal herb, which is said to be the bait of the immortals. 宧, "The yang qi of the northeast begins to nourish all things, so it is called Mi." "Whether it is a name or a number, you can see your father's cultural accomplishment, and you can also make people imagine the ice and jade, otherworldly temperament of this girl."
Shen Shou was indeed not an ordinary woman, his father's thinking was very open-minded, and he did not agree with the pedantic concept of "a woman without talent is moral" in that era, on the contrary, he attached great importance to this daughter who had been ice and snow since childhood, and carefully taught her to read and write. However, Shen Shou, who was full of poetry books, did not eventually become a boudoir talent like Li Qingzhao, because her talent and hobbies were all in another thing, that is, embroidery.
Shen Shou's embroidery talent did not come out of thin air, and in Shen Shou's hometown of Suzhou, embroidery has a development history of more than 2,000 years. During the Three Kingdoms period, the sister of Zhao Da, the minister of wu, hand-embroidered the "Map of the Nations", which embroidered the Five Mountains, rivers, seas, and city lines on silk veils, which was praised by the people at that time as "needle-like".
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Suzhou area was already "every family raising silkworms, household embroidery", embroidery has gradually developed into the art of "painting with needles". Cao Xueqin in "Dream of the Red Chamber" created a Gusu woman named Hui Niang, she was born in Xiang mendi, proficient in calligraphy and painting, embroidered with needle and thread calligraphy and painting is full of artistic charm that is difficult for ordinary craftsmen to compare.
A character like Hui Niang is not the imagination of novelists, Shen Shou is a generation of embroidery masters bred in Suzhou embroidery culture, and has been culturally influenced since childhood, laying the foundation for her to develop embroidery into an art full of beauty.
The former residence of the Shen family is in Haihongfang, the west gate of the ancient city of Suzhou, the grandfather Shen Tingrong once suffered from war, lost his family, and only after the war subsided did he give birth to his son Shen Chun, Who loved to read history books, delve into the country's salt law system, and served as a salt official in Zhejiang. Shen Shou's mother, Song Shi, came from a difficult and hard life with her husband, she gave birth to three sons and two daughters for the Shen family, the survival rate of children in ancient times was not high, among the four children in front of the Shen family:
"Bo Ji and die, survivors of the middle daughter, uncle man" .
The eldest and youngest children died before they reached adulthood, and only the second daughter and third son survived. Shen Shou ranked fifth in the family, is the youngest child, "the emperor loves the eldest son, the people love the child", the intelligent and lovely Shen Shou has been doubly loved by his parents since he was a child. When she was a child, Shen Shou behaved very well, she never cried loudly in a hurry, and she never liked to make a mess of the family like other naughty children.
The people selling pastries on the street pass by the door, Shen Shou can tell who it is only by listening to the sound of shouting, she has been determined to learn since she was a child, she does not like to laugh and play with the children of the neighbors, and it is her nature to focus on elegance and fragrance.
Shen Shou played with needles at the age of seven, when her sister Shen Li embroidered, she split the thread for it on the side, and at the age of eight, she began to learn embroidery, just like a hunger to get inspiration, and constantly improve her embroidery skills, she tentatively embroidered the parrot, vivid, showing the outstanding talent. At the age of eleven or twelve, Shen Shou began to browse through literary works, often immersed in them, involuntarily chanting. With the influence of cultural literacy, Shen Shou's embroidery is more refined, and the embroidered works have caused a sensation among his peers.
When she was fourteen or fifteen years old, Shen Shou's reputation for embroidery gradually became apparent, she often worked with her sister to complete embroidery works all night, vendors made a lot of money because of her embroidery, and the family also began to rely on Shen Shou's embroidery as a source of livelihood. Shen Shou's embroidery products were too sought-after, and they were robbed as soon as they were listed, and literati and celebrities all competed to collect them. Shen Shou's home is named "Tianxiang Pavilion", and the embroidery is engraved with the name of "Tianxiang Pavilion".
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" when they met >, he was 60 years old and she was 40 years old, but he looked at ten thousand years</h1>
Such a talented Shen Shou, is her marriage as harmonious as Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng? In fact, this marriage was still happy at the beginning. When Shen Shou was 16 years old, he and Yu Jue of Shaoxing were married. Yu Jue, first known as Zhaoxiong, the word Bingchen, has been admitted to the lifting, but he is not a pedantic nerd, on the contrary, Yu Jue's talent and Shen Shou are still very compatible.
Yu Jue later recalled the conjugal life of the two men:
"Even half a day to scrap the book, half a day to study embroidery, Yu to pen instead of needles, my wife to needle ghostwriting, ten years as a day, embroidery is refined, fame and noise."
Yu Jue works in poetry, and calligraphy and painting are also very well written, but what he is best at is painting, and many of Shen Shou's embroidery patterns are from Yu Jue's hand. However, just as Zhao Mingcheng was not as good as Li Qingzhao's writing talent, Yu Jue's talent was still dwarfed in front of Shen Shou, and many times he benefited from Shen Shou's fame.
In 1903, after the master of Pu Xue, Yu Fan, admired Shen Shou's embroidery, he was amazed and inscribed the word "Needle God" on it, and the word "Needle God" was worthy of the name and became a well-deserved reputation for Shen Shou's life.
On November 29, 1904, it was the 69th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, and there were customs of offering congratulatory gifts everywhere, Shen Shou embroidered eight works such as "Eight Immortals on the Shou Tu" and "Immeasurable Shou Buddha Map" to be presented, Cixi praised it as the best in the world after seeing it, awarded her the Fourth Class Shangbu Baoxing Medal, and also wrote the words "Fu" and "Shou" in her own handwriting, which were given to Yu Jue Shen Shou and his wife. In order to express gratitude for the empress's gift, Shen Xuezhi was renamed Shen Shou from then on, and Yu Jue was also renamed Yu Fu.
After that, Shen Shou was sent to Japan by the imperial court to exchange embroidery painting art, and after returning to China, he was appointed as the chief instructor of the qing palace embroidery engineering department. In Japan, Shen Shou was deeply inspired, and thus invented the realistic "simulation show".
"It is beneficial to visit Japan again and see its fine embroidery. Over time, I felt that between the heavens and the earth, there were thousands of forms, but in my eyes, there was no needle that could not enter me, that is, there was no one who could not enter my embroidery. ”
In 1911, Shen Shou embroidered the "Portrait of the Italian Empress Alina", which was presented to Italy as a national gift, and the Italian Emperor gave Shen Shou a gold watch to express his gratitude, and this work also won the "World Supreme Honor and The Highest Excellence Award".
Shen Shou, the name of this Chinese bridesmaid show is well-known at home and abroad, and Zhang Xiao's sentence is very well evaluated:
"Zao Jian Yuhua is in the palace, and the bel canto is heard overseas." Mirror history celebrity, Modbylen. ”
In 1914, Zhang Jian founded the Female Red Teaching Institute in Nantong, Jiangsu Province, and hired Shen Shou as a teacher. When Zhang Xiao and Shen Shou met, they were already more than 60 years old, and Shen Shou was already a 40-year-old twilight beauty.
Shen Shou was pregnant when he gave Cixi an embroidery gift, and although the birthday gift was eventually liked by Cixi, Shen Shou unfortunately miscarried because he rushed to work day and night and was too hardworking, and he was infertile for life. This has also become the reason for the rift in the feelings of Shen Shou and Yu Jue. In order to continue the incense, Yu Jue successively married two concubines, only to see the new people laughing, not to see the old people crying, and Shen Shou, who was old and weak and had no children, was often ignored and snubbed in Yu Jue.
The arrival of Zhang Xiao has become the warmth of the last 8 years of Shen Shou's life, when Shen Shou was 40 years old, he was no longer a young girl with a flourishing style, Zhang Xiao's feelings for Shen Shou were completely out of pity for each other, Shen Shou's noble interests, gentle personality, and bumpy situation made Zhang Xiao feel empathy, and he couldn't help but want to sympathize with her and care for her.
Shen Shou embroidery: "Portrait of The Italian Queen Elena"
Zhang Jian likened his love for Shen Shou's talent to An allusion to Cao Cao redeeming cai Wenji because he admired Cai Wenji's talent, and he wrote in the Forty-Eight Truncated Sentences of Regret:
"Whoever returns to Cai Ji's body in gold is often said to be a lovely person; the situation is the southeast pearl jade show, who endures the banana to extract the northern dust." There is spring aquatic life in front of the Fei Pavilion, and the twilight tide outside the Tang Family Gate is flat; the impromptu climbing the building is particularly dignified, not like the beginning of the shock. ”
Shen Shou because of the long years of embroidery, to the end of the disease, when she needs the most people to take care of and comfort, her husband Yu Jue is not around, only Zhang Xiao pushed away the busy affairs, carefully to Shen Shou to see a doctor, let her move from the study hall to her villa "Qianting" to recuperate. Although Shen Shou understood Zhang Xiao's kindness, he felt that he had become a wife and always drew a clear line with Zhang Xiao, and she wrote a poem "Weeping Willow" to indicate her ambition:
"Xiao Feng opened an account to send spring colors, and the weeping willows were thousands of straight; the hair in the mirror was often full of combs, and self-pity was not more than three feet long. Weeping willows are soft and soft, high and low, and the heart has its own master, and does not follow the wind. ”
Shen Shou embroidery: "Shepherd Diagram"
In order to avoid suspicion, Shen Shou asked students to live with her, but Zhang Jian did not agree, so she moved back to the dormitory. Zhang Jian had no way, and specially built a "trench Yang Xiaozhu" for her, the two courtyards in front of and behind the house were separated from each other, Shen Shou lived in the front yard, and Zhang Jian lived in the backyard, which not only met Shen Shou's requirements to keep a distance from him, but also convenient to take care of her at any time.
Zhang Xiao's confidant for Shen Shou is far beyond the love of men and women, in the last period of Shen Shou's life, he was worried that after she left, her embroidery skills would be lost from then on, "afraid of the loss of her art and nothing ended", so he dictated by Shen Shou, Zhang Xiao wrote the book "Xue Mi Embroidery Spectrum".
"One thing, one thing, one needle, one law, contemplation, for the sake of category, one day or one or two, or two or three days and one." Accumulate months to form this spectrum. And repeated questions, and review, and write the manuscript, if so repeatedly, there is not a word that does not come out of itself, and there is not a word that does not come out of itself. ”
Shen Shou's embroidered "Statue of Jesus" won the gold medal at the Panama World Expo
Shen Shou was not unmoved by Zhang Xiao's meticulous care for many years, and when she was ill, she used the green silk she dropped to embroider Zhang Xiao's handwriting "Qianting". Zhang Xiao was very touched after reading it and wrote a poem:
"Lin Tang is ill, and The tired jun still spends the embroidery spirit." Beauty and intention should be directly in line with the price of the beads, and the afterglow is still pressed into dust. ”
Zhang Xiao was very sympathetic to Shen Shou's suffering, saying that Shen Shou was:
"When you meet someone, you are sad and depressed, and you feel sick and die."
Shen Shou embroidery: "Ji Gong Statue"
From Shen Shou's illness to her burial, it was Zhang Xiao who paid for her and single-handedly managed her, and he buried her in the Ma'anshan cemetery in Nantong, where Zhang Jian wrote a sentence for her: "The Tomb of The World Artist Wuxian Ms. Shen Que", without mentioning Yu Jue's name at all. The tombstone is engraved with the "Spiritual Table of The Artist Wu Xianshen" written by Zhang Xiao, in which Zhang Jian reviewed Shen Shou's life experience and expressed his sad thoughts:
"I can't see you, the stone slope of the empty valley and the toprapy."
In the last days of Shen Shou's life, where did Yu Jue go? He went to Shanghai in 1917 and returned to Suzhou in 1921 after Shen Shou's death. Yu Jue, who never appeared when he was ill, started a lawsuit with Zhang Xiao after Shen Shou left, he called himself "trembling mouth lone bird", which means a winged bird that lost his partner, wrote a "History of the Pain of Shen Shou and His Wife", made public the poems written by Zhang Xiao to Shen Shou, and accused Zhang Xiao of letting him:
"You must not live with your wife in life, and you must not bury with your wife in death."
Zhang Jian
Yu Jue also accused Zhang Jian of occupying Shen Shou's embroidery, and he wanted to auction Shen Shou's embroidery, but Zhang Jue intervened to prevent it, and reached an agreement with Yu Jue to collect Shen Shou's embroidery in the museum.
Five years later, the 73-year-old Zhang Jian died of illness in Nantong, and he had already chosen a cemetery for himself before his death, the cemetery was not far from Shen Shou, but he did not deliberately build together, just like they did before they died, one lived in the front yard, one lived in the backyard, and continued the confidant feeling of "giving in love and stopping the ceremony" before he died.