Beijing's central axis has applied for heritage, and the footsteps are getting closer and closer.
On this 7.8-kilometer central axis, ancient buildings are being repaired and renovated.
Some have introduced new business forms, using bookstores as a medium to talk about the customs of old Beijing; some have restored the historical style and partially restored the exhibition and exhibition in comparison with old photos and drawings; some have not forgotten the past and the past, while repairing and archaeology, and found the "town water beast" buried in the ground for a long time.
Di'anmen Goose Wing Building
The restoration is completed, the volume is slightly smaller than in history, and the "Chinese Bookstore" has a new opening
At the northernmost point of the old Beijing Imperial City, there was originally a barrier, namely the Yan Wing Tower and the Di'an Gate, which were built in 1420 at the same time.
During the Qing Shunzhi Period, the top of the Di'an Gate was covered with yellow glazed tiles, the red wall was painted underneath, the face was seven rooms wide, and three square door openings were opened in the middle, which meant the round place of heaven. The Goose Wing Building is two two-storey brick-concrete buildings symmetrical from east to west, which are also covered with yellow glazed tiles, and look like a pair of wings of a goose in the distance, hence the name.
For a period of time, the Yan Wing Tower was the Office of the Three Banners of the Manchu, Mongolian and Han dynasties of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and its role was the Imperial City Guard Post. Chen Zongfan, the author of "Yandu Congkao", wrote: "Di'anmen Avenue, with dozens of houses in the east and west, known as the Yan Wing Building, is now converted into a beggars shelter and an engineering team station (the book was published in 1934). "In the early days of the Republic of China, in order to facilitate transportation, the walls on the east and west sides of Di'anmen were demolished. Since 1954, in order to divert traffic from the northern part of Beijing, Di'anmen and Yan wing Tower have been demolished together.
Until 2013, the original site of the Yan Wing Building began to be restored. Prior to this, the Beijing Institute of Ancient Architecture conducted a survey on the ruins of the Yan Wing Tower, and found two remains on the left side of the original Anmen Gate Tower, while the right side of the original Anmen Gate Tower had been damaged more thoroughly, and no remains were found. Because Ping'an Avenue occupied the north of the original Yan wing building when it widened the road, the overall volume of the restored Yan Wing Building was slightly smaller than in history.
In September 2015, shortly after the completion of the restoration, yan wing tower completed a round of "turnaround". Today, walking along Di'anmen Avenue, you can see the new building with a plaque of "China Bookstore" hanging horizontally.
Exterior view of a 24-hour Chinese bookstore in Di'anmen on August 6. Beijing News reporter Pu Feng photographed
"We uphold the principle of being the guardian and disseminator of the traditional culture of Beijing, and also determined the mode of opening 24 hours", Sun Yi, manager of the Chinese bookstore Yan Wing Lou, introduced that all the books in the store are free for readers to read, and half of the venue is also dedicated to readers, which is similar to the nature of the library.
Every three to five minutes, there are also cultural lectures in the store. Sun Yi said: "Since 2016, we have insisted on holding 50 to 100 free public welfare activities every year, including holding some lectures on old Beijing customs this year, organizing activities related to intangible cultural heritage and handicrafts, and inviting lecturers with experts and non-genetic inheritors. ”
With the acceleration of the application for heritage on the central axis, the bookstore has transformed the second floor of the store into a related exhibition area, and displayed all the existing video materials and books on the central axis. Not long ago, the new book launch of "Beijing Central Axis Centennial Image" was held here, introducing the most complete video data on the central axis at present.
In the future application plan, the publicity of Beijing's central axis is also an important part. "For example, we are ready to launch a production exhibition of old photos of the central axis, which is already in production negotiations. However, there are still many materials in the hands of other experts, which need to be further communicated and confirmed, and when the epidemic situation improves, I believe that we can see the results. Sun Yi said.
Prince Kageyama
The historical appearance was restored by comparing old photos and drawings
Jingshan Park, north of the Forbidden City, was once the imperial garden of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the Jingshan Mountain in the center of the park was made of soil and was once the commanding height of the Four-Nine Cities. The total area is 23 hectares. In the park, there are Qiwanglou, Wufang Pavilion, Shouhuang Hall, Yongsi Hall, Guandi Temple, Peony Garden and other attractions.
Among them, the Shouhuang Hall is one of the most concerned ancient buildings.
On August 25, in Jingshan Park, tourists visit the Shouhuang Palace. Beijing News reporter Pu Feng photographed
After the Gengzi Incident, the Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing for a long time, and in 1955, the Shouhuang Palace was handed over to the Beijing Children's Palace for use, and the original shrines, furniture and other items were handed over to the Forbidden City.
Until December 2013, the Shouhuangdian complex returned to Jingshan Park. Renovations began in April 2016 and after two years, they were opened to the public again at the end of 2018.
In this round of renovation process, according to historical documents and old photos, the park should remove the stage, heating, office supplies and other objects that were used as classrooms and auditoriums in the Children's Palace at that time, and replace the damaged tiles one by one, fully restoring its historical appearance.
Song Yu, deputy director of the Beijing Jingshan Park Management Office, introduced that at that time, based on these old documents and drawings, the park found out the history of several maintenance in history, visited a number of ancient architectural experts and professional designers, and checked a lot of information, and finally formed a complete repair plan. Nowadays, when you enter the Shouhuang Hall, you can see the exhibition in its original state, although there are no cultural relics on display, but efforts have been made to restore the appearance of that time. ”
The repair of several large trees outside the main hall is particularly worth mentioning. The wood diameter of the original building is relatively large, and the existing wood is difficult to reach such a diameter, so the construction team adopted the "bezel"method: first make a cylindrical core from wood, and then layer by layer of inlaid wood on the outside, forming 16 to 18 prism cylinders, and then slowly polishing and fixing the hoops. Next, the gaps in the pillars are filled with traditional ground fighting techniques to prevent cracking for better varnishing.
Jingshan Park Wanchun Pavilion viewing platform, tourists to see the central axis of Beijing. Beijing News reporter Pu Feng photographed
The central axis is approaching, what are the medium- and long-term repair plans for the ShouhuangDian And Jingshan Park?
"In the next step, we intend to green the west side of the Shouhuang Hall and then gradually open it to the outside world to show a complete 23-hectare Jingshan landscape." Song Yu said that in the future, Jingshan will continue to pay attention to the inheritance of history and culture, the protection of historical features, and at the same time, from the perspective of people-oriented, more services to the public.
Zhengyang Gate
A new round of repairs began in October last year, and zhengyang bridge recently discovered "town water beast"
Because it is the largest of all the city gates in beijing, zhengyang gate is already a historical and cultural symbol of the old Beijing city.
On February 3, 1949, Peiping was liberated, and the People's Liberation Army held an entrance ceremony here. Chinese Bank issued the first set of 500 yuan banknotes on September 10, 1949, and the obverse pattern is also the Zhengyang Gate.
Since its completion, Zhengyang Gate has undergone many repairs. In the 1970s, during the renovation of Zhengyang Gate, it was suddenly damaged by the Tangshan earthquake, and the Beijing Municipal Cultural Relics Department carried out a comprehensive overhaul of it. In 1989, the Beijing Zhengyangmen Management Office raised 1.6 million yuan to renovate the Arrow Tower, which was officially opened to tourists on January 21, 1990.
On October 14, workers repaired the gate according to ancient laws in the Zhengyang Gate Arrow Tower. Beijing News reporter Pu Feng photographed
The renovation of the Arrow Tower was started in October 2020, and the Ancient Construction Branch of Beijing Construction Engineering Sixth Construction Group carried out the repair and construction of the Arrow Tower City Platform, reliefs, window eyebrows, indoor wood component oil decoration, roofing, etc.
In this project, the difficulties focused on the repair of roofs and wooden components.
For example, this roof repair is not to replace all the tiles, but to use the "point surface" local repair method, only the cylinder tiles are removed, and the tiles are cleaned. Add and replace missing and damaged tiles. The craftsmen carefully dismantled, numbered, packed, and stacked the tiles, checked them one by one, and installed them according to the original process, raw materials, and original locations. The arrow tower has 4 floors, more pillars, due to the cracking of the bezel, the deformation of the oil decoration surface caused by the loosening of the hoop, cracking and other phenomena are prominent, and the repair and construction of the pillars in the arrow building have higher technical requirements for the ancient builders.
After many expert arguments, in order to retain historical information to the greatest extent, the column construction is not satisfied with cutting the ground ash, and only the construction of the patchy ground battle after the repair of the hemp ash is carried out, and the intact part is preserved, and only the damaged part is repaired.
Guan Zhanxiu, director of the Beijing Zhengyangmen Management Office, introduced that in the future, it is hoped that the Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower will be built into a landmark building in Beijing City, and gradually introduce emerging service industries such as Internet punch cards and online live broadcasts that young people are interested in. At the same time, it is hoped that through the opening of the Arrow Tower, the existing format of Qianmen Pedestrian Street will be further condensed and a cultural square with Beijing characteristics will be formed. "We study the value of the axial heritage on the one hand, and the revitalization and utilization of the heritage on the other hand. In the future, we hope to create a number of national tide brands and support the construction of national consumption center cities. ”
Fu Jin also does not forget to look back at the past. Recently, the archaeological results of the Zhengyang Bridge site in front of the Zhengyang Gate have achieved important results, and a stone carved town water beast has been unearthed. The picture shows that this water beast is made of intact bluestone carvings, with four feet and belly close to the ground, its back covered with scales, its long tail curled back, its eyes wide open, lifelike, and it has a momentum that does not anger and arrogance. Stone beasts have experienced vicissitudes, there are signs of weathering, and there are damage to the buttocks. It is reported that this discovery is helpful to understand the geographical orientation of zhengyang bridge, which is of great significance for the study of the moat, defense and transportation of Beijing City.
Beijing News reporter Zhang Chang photojournalist Pu Feng
Edited by Liu Xixian Proofreader Wu Xingfa