Physical geography
Yiyang, a piece of jadeite on the shore of Dongting Lake. It is located in the north-central part of Xiangzhong, with the western part dominated by mountains, the central part being hilly area, and the northeast being the Dongting Lake Plain. The geographical location is between 110 degrees 43 minutes and 112 degrees 55 minutes east longitude and 27 degrees 58 minutes to 29 degrees 31 minutes north latitude, with an east-west width of 217.5 kilometers, a north-south length of 173.3 kilometers, and a land area of 12,144 square kilometers, accounting for 5.83% of the total area of the province. It borders Changsha Yueyang to the east, Loudi to the south, Huaihua to the west, and Changde to the north. The city administers The city of Yuanjiang, Ziyang and Heshan districts of Hunan County, Taojiang County, Anhua County and Datong Lake Administrative District. There are 4.06 million people in the city, including more than 20 ethnic groups such as Han, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Tujia, Yao, Uyghur, Yi, Dong, Korean, Gaoshan, Manchu and Zhuang. In addition to the Han nationality, the Hui population is the largest, accounting for about 1.4% of the total number of people in the city. There are five types of landforms in the city: mountains, hills, hills, plains, and water surfaces. Among them, with mountains and plains as the main body, the entire terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, which is a sloped area transitioning from the remnants of Xuefeng Mountain and the Xiangzhong hills to the impact plains on the shore of Dongting Lake. It is characterized by steep slopes in the southwest, undulating hills in the middle, flat and open in the northeast, descending from southwest to northeast, and tilting towards Dongting Lake. The highest point on the ground is Jiulongchi in Anhua County, with a sea dial of 1622 meters; the lowest point is the Yuanjiang Four Seasons Red Township, which is 24 meters in the sea; the lowest point of the water is in the Masi Brain Deep Pond of the Songli River in Nan County, and the sea dial is -3 meters.
Yiyang has a humid subtropical monsoon climate, which has the characteristics of "mild climate, sufficient heat, abundant rainfall, four distinct seasons, frequent cold flows in spring and autumn, rainy and flooded in midsummer, drought in late summer and early autumn, and short cold period in winter". The average annual temperature is 16.2 to 16.9 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall is between 1237.7 and 1775.7 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1378.8 to 1775.7 hours
1) Abundant resources
The unique geomorphological pattern and good climatic conditions are suitable for the generation and reproduction of a variety of animals and plants and the formation of mineral materials. According to the survey of the agriculture and forestry department, there are 103 families, 338 genera and 1021 species of woody plants in the city, of which 41 are rare tree species, which is one of the important forestry production areas in the province. Known animal species are: 90 species of birds, belonging to 14 orders and 30 families, including 57 species of migratory birds; 115 species of fish, belonging to 12 orders and 23 families and 70 genera, the main economic fish are green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, bream, mandarin, crucian carp, etc. More than 30 kinds of silver fish, eels, white eels, Chinese sturgeon are valuable fish species; crustaceans 7 species, mainly shrimp, crabs; 8 species of mollusks, mainly snails and mussels, of which the spindle mussels can be inserted to cultivate pearls; domesticated animals and domesticated animals have 68 species, mainly cattle, Pigs, chickens, ducks, etc. There are 55 families, 142 species and 1314 species in species resources. Among them, rice, rapeseed, ramie, jute, tea, citrus, reeds and other products occupy a very important position in the country and the province. The city has initially built eight commodity production bases for grain, livestock, tea, sugarcane, citrus, ramie, reeds and aquatic products, which is a veritable "land of fish and rice".
Yiyang is also the "land of non-ferrous metals". There are 140 known mineral sites (deposits) in the city, most of which are distributed in Taojiang, Anhua County and Heshan District. The main minerals are manganese, tungsten, antimony, gold, vanadium, iron, lead, zinc, coal and more than 20 kinds. Among them, manganese, vanadium, gold, zinc, tungsten, stone coal, pyrite, granite, kaolin and other reserves are very rich, and the mining prospects are promising; antimony ore reserves account for about 1/5 of the country, and the grade is very high.
The city's industry is mainly textile, food, machinery, electric power, chemical industry, building materials, metallurgy, electronics, mining and other industries began to take shape. Some traditional famous products such as water bamboo mats, small yu bamboo utensils, pine flower skin eggs, golden flower curd milk, Xiangzhong iron pot, Dazi brand socks, etc., have long been well-known at home and abroad; ramie products, knitted underwear, bed sheets, jute carpets and other textiles and "Dongfeng brand" dump trucks, small horsepower diesel engines, "standard brand" sewing machines, elevators, transformers and other mechanical products, "boat brand" Xianglian canned, flavored eggs, meat and other types of food leather, plastics and other light industrial products, sulfuric acid, pesticides, plexiglass and other chemical products as well as cement, granite plate, antimony, Manganese and other building materials and mineral products, many products have won the title of provincial quality products.
2) Victory Star Luo
The territory of Yiyang is full of beautiful mountains, lakes and rivers, and many scenic spots. The urban area will be the foothills of The Dragon Mountain, the mountains are undulating, such as the Jiaolong Dragon Head; Pei Gong Pavilion, the pavilion is jade, quite a Jiangnan garden flavor; Xiufeng Lake, Zishan Park, can be called a new landscape of tourism and entertainment that has begun to take shape. Heshan District has Qingxiu Mountain, which resembles Kuanglu. In addition to the ruins of Quyuan's ancient site Tianwen Pavilion in Taojiang, the Taohua River is more famous at home and abroad, and the peaks of the famous mountains in Chu nan are protruding, and the graceful and colorful mountain cultivation can evoke people's good memories. In Anhua County, browsing Tao Shu's former residence and the picturesque Zhexi Reservoir Area is a unique pleasure. To the border of Yuanjiang City, climb the majestic Lingyun Pagoda and Zhenjiang Pagoda, the scenery of the cave garden is full of views, which is pleasant, and if you go to Chishan Island, you can also explore the former sites of Fan Village and Xishi. Following the south county, there are many historical sites such as Gui Garden, Red Pine Pavilion, and Wukou Village.
3) Convenient transportation
Yiyang is an important area for the evacuation of the central and northern Hunan province and the provincial capital Changsha, and is also the only way for Hunan Province to reach the southwest. National Highway 319 and Line 207 pass through Yiyang, Taojiang, Anhua and other counties respectively, reaching all provinces in the country. The provincial highway has the Xiangbei Trunk Line, from Heshan District and Ziyang District to Shishou Xiangxi Trunk Line in Hubei Province via Yuanjiang City and Nanxian County, and from Heshan District to Pupu via Taojiang and Anhua County. Including county and township roads, the city has 3500 kilometers of highways, forming a road network connecting trunk and branch, connecting counties and townships, and reaching in all directions. Yiyang is located on the shore of Dongting Lake, one city, three districts and three counties are all dependent on the river, and the water transportation conditions are very superior. There are more than 300 large and small rivers in the city, including 49 navigable rivers (sections) with a total navigable mileage of 1347 kilometers. Originating from The Beiguangfu Mountain in Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, the 674-kilometer-long Zishui flows from southwest to northeast, crosses xuefeng mountain, passes through Anhua, Taojiang, Heshan and Ziyang, and flows into Dongting Lake from Linzikou in Xiangyin County. Yiyang Shipping is external to Jianghan and connects with seven provinces and cities in Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, as well as coastal areas. There are eight professional water transport enterprises in the city, with a deadweight of nearly 100,000 tons and an annual freight volume of more than 4 million tons. In terms of railway transportation, the Xiangqian Railway crosses the border of Anhua County, and the Changshi Railway crosses Ziyang, Heshan District and Taojiang County.
Yiyang District is the center of the city's politics, economy, culture and transportation. The water flows through the city's Changchang Highway, the Xiangjing Trunk Line, and the Xiangxi Trunk Line. Yiyang City was founded in Qin, because the city was located in the north of Yishui (present-day Zijiang), which was called Yin in the south of the water and Yang in the west of the north of the water, so it was named Yiyang. Historically, because of this convenient land and water transportation, merchants gathered, prosperity, known as "Jin Xiangtan, Yin Yiyang" known as "Silver City reputation."
II. Historical Changes
Yiyang, the name of an important administrative region in the history of Hunan. According to historical records and excavated cultural relics, our ancestors flourished on this land as early as the Neolithic Age. About 5,000 years ago, primitive tribes had been formed in places such as DengShiqiao and Huanjiang Lake in present-day Yiyang. In the Bluestone Age, there were dense residential groups in the area of Ash Mountain Harbor, Lianzitang, Heshan Temple, and Yangwuling.
According to the "Yugong", the area of present-day Yiyang belonged to Jingzhou in ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was Chu Prefecture, and during the Warring States Period, it was subordinate to Chu Qianzhong County. The representative figure of cultural development in this period was Qu Yuan, the great patriotic poet of China. Some people believe that his immortal masterpiece "Tianwen" was written in the present-day town of Chengguan in Taojiang County.
In 223 BC, after the Qin unified China, zhuhou was abolished and counties were established, "divided into thirty-six counties under the heavens". In the 26th year of Qin Shi Huang (221 BC), Yiyang County was first established, and its jurisdiction included the counties of present-day Yiyang, Taojiang, Anhua, Xinhua and Yiyang, all of Lengshuijiang City, as well as parts of Yuanjiang, Ningxiang, Xiangyin, Lianyuan, and Xinshao Counties, and the counties and cities under the jurisdiction of present-day Yiyang District, except for some Hunan counties of Yuanjiang, which were within the territory of ancient Yiyang. Since then, for more than 2,000 years, although the jurisdiction of Yiyang has changed frequently (it was upgraded to a state in the Yuan Dynasty), the name of Yiyang has not been easier.
In the Western Han Dynasty, counties and feudal states were parallel. The area of present-day Yiyang belonged to the State of Changsha and Wuling Commandery, and was subordinate to the Jingzhou Prefecture.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty, county, and county system were followed, and the State of Changsha was abolished as a county. The area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Changsha County, Wuling County, and Jingzhou Thorn History Department.
The Three Kingdoms stood tall, and Wushu divided Jingzhou. Present-day Yiyang was divided into Hengyang County, Changsha County, Wuling County, and Nan County, and was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou. During this period, Jingzhou was in the territory of Wei, Shu, and Wu competing for Yunxiong. After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao withdrew from southern Wu and Shu to wage an intricate struggle for Jingzhou. Sun Quan's claim to Jingzhou was unsuccessful, and he still sent Lü Meng to take Changsha. In order to save Changsha, Liu Bei ordered Guan Yutun to resist Yiyang and Lü Meng. Wu Zhi. The biography of Gan Ning reads: "Ning Sui Lusu Town Yiyang refused to pass the Hou, Hou Xuan elite soldiers five thousand tou county upper class more than ten miles Asase, cloud desire to cross at night." Su Xianbing Yi Ning, Ning Nai night, Hou Wenzhi, live without crossing and form a camp. Lu Su led Cheng Pu and Gan Ning to garrison Guishan in the southeast of the city and met Guan Yu at the mouth of Lujia Mountain. This date is the famous "single knife meeting".
In 280, Jin came to Wu and divided the country into 20 states. The area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Hengyang County, Changsha County, Wuling County, and Nanping County, which were under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou, and after the first year of the Western Jin Dynasty, it was divided into Xiangzhou and Jingzhou.
The Song (Southern Dynasty), present-day Yiyang region was divided into Hengyang Neishi, Wuling Taishou, Baling Taishou, and Nanping Neishi, and was divided into Xiangzhou, Yingzhou, and Jingzhou.
Qi (Southern Dynasty), changed neishi and Taishou to counties. Present-day Yiyang District was divided into Hengyang County, Nanping County, Wuling County, and Baling County. The counties are divided into Xiangzhou, Yingzhou and Jingzhou.
Liang (Southern Dynasty), the area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Hengyang County, Yaoshan County (治药山, in present-day Yuanjiang), Wuling County, Baling County, and Nanping County. The counties are divided into Xiangzhou, Yingzhou and Jingzhou.
During the Sui Dynasty, the area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Tanzhou, Yuezhou, Langzhou, and Lizhou.
In the Tang Dynasty, the first year of Zhenguan was divided into ten provinces. Kaiyuan is divided into fifteen lanes. The present-day Yiyang area was divided into the Governor's Office of Tanzhou, which belonged to Jiangnan West Province and Shannan East Province. Daoxia Prefecture County is also known as Tanzhou Changsha County, Yuezhou Baling County, Liyang County, and Langzhou Wuling County. The Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Du Fu once traveled in the area of present-day Yuanjiang City.
Five generations, ten kingdoms divided, Hunan belongs to the Chu state. Present-day Yiyang region was divided into Tanzhou, Langzhou, Yuezhou, and Lizhou.
In the Song Dynasty, the initial division of the world was 15 roads, the later was divided into 23 roads, and the Southern Song Dynasty was 16 roads. The road is set up with a macro world Fusi, directly subordinate to the Beijing Division, and the road is located under the prefecture, prefecture, county, and army. The area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Changsha County, Tanzhou, Baling County, Dingzhou Wuling County, and Liyang County, Lizhou. It is divided into Jinghu South Road (Zhitan Prefecture) and Jinghu North Road (Zhijiangling).
In 1279, Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, established the Yuan Dynasty, set up a road, and established a pacification department in the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and established the province of Guangxing in the fourteenth year. Most of the area of present-day Yiyang belongs to Tianlin Road.
The Ming Dynasty divided the country into thirteen provinces, and the provinces set up the Department of Political Envoys (later renamed the Department of Political Envoys) and the provinces had provinces with provinces, prefectures, and divisions. The area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Changsha Province, Changde Province, and Yuezhou Province. Under the jurisdiction of the Department of Political Envoys of Huguang (Jiangxia. present-day Wuhan).
In 1636, Ai Xinjue Luoshi changed the name of the country to Qing. The four-level system of "province", "province", "province", "prefecture and directly subordinate department, directly subordinate prefecture", "county and three halls, three prefectures" is adopted. The country was initially divided into 18 provinces, and later 23 provinces, with governors, inspectors, and envoys stationed in the province. The area of present-day Yiyang was divided into Changsha Province, Changde Province, and Nanzhou Prefecture, which were divided into Changbao Province and Yue Chang Li Province, which were under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province.
In 1852, Hong Xiuquan led the Taiping Army through Changsha to Yiyang. Subsequently, the Taiping Army swept Wuchang from the waterway, occupied Nanjing, and set the capital at Tianjing. The Taiping Army did not resist the merits, detoured to benefit, and defeated the Qing soldiers at Yiyang Snake Mountain (Ganning Lei).
At the beginning of the Republic of China, the country was divided into 22 provinces and four special zones, which was later increased to 35 provinces and Tibet. In 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), Hunan Province abolished the government, department, and prefecture, and Changbao Road was changed to Xiangjiang Road, which administered Yiyang. In 1922, the prefectural system was abolished and the county became a province. In 1938, the province was divided into 9 administrative supervision districts, and the present-day Yiyang district was divided into the first, second and sixth administrative supervision districts.
In 1940, the administrative division of Hunan Province was adjusted from 9 administrative supervision districts to 10. In April of the same year, the Fifth Administrative Supervision District was established (the Commissioner's Office was located in Yiyang County), which was the beginning of the establishment of a district-level administrative division in Yiyang. The district administers Yiyang, Anhua, Xiangxiang, Yuanjiang, and Hanshou counties (Nan County belongs to the fourth administrative supervision district).
In August 1949, Yiyang Special District was established, and the Commissioner's Office was located at the gate of Chengguan Xuemen in Yiyang, with jurisdiction over 6 counties of Yiyang, Ningxiang, Anhua, Xiangxiang, Yuanjiang and Hanshou. In March 1950, Yiyang County was changed to Yiyang Chengguan District, which was county-level; in October of the same year, Yiyang Chengguan District was changed to Yiyang City, which belonged to Yiyang Special District. In April 1951, it was established as Lantian County (later renamed Lianyuan County) and Yongfeng County (later renamed Shuangfeng County), and in July of the same year, Taojiang County was established. So far, the district has jurisdiction over a total of 9 counties and one city.
In November 1952, yiyang special zone was abolished. Ningxiang is under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan Prefecture, Xiangxiang, Shuangfeng and Lianyuan counties are under the jurisdiction of Shaoyang Prefecture, and Yiyang, Taojiang, Anhua, Hanshou, Yuanjiang and Yiyang are under the jurisdiction of Changde Prefecture.
In December 1962, Yiyang Special District was restored, and the Commissioner's Office was stationed in Taohualun, Yiyang City. The district administers 7 counties of Nan County, Yuanjiang, Huarong, Yiyang, Ningxiang, Taojiang, Anhua and Yiyang City, as well as 6 state-owned farms in Datong Lake, Qianshan Hong, Jinpen, Beizhouzi, Chapanzhou and Qianliang Lake.
In 1964, Huarong County and Qianliang Lake were successively transferred to the jurisdiction of Yueyang Special District.
In 1968, Yiyang Special District was renamed Yiyang District, and in February of the same year, the Yiyang District Revolutionary Committee was formed and the Yiyang District Administrative Office was established.
In July 1983, Ningxiang was transferred to the jurisdiction of Changsha City. In November 1988, Yuanjiang County was abolished and Yuanjiang City was established.