<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" >1.9 Zeng Ziyi: "Cautiously pursue the far away, and the people's morality returns to the thick." ”</h1>
Zeng Zi said: "Those who are in power can be cautious and not disobey the funeral of their parents, and those who worship distant ancestors can reverently and do not forget their roots, and the common people will naturally be righteous and filial, and their virtue will return to Chunhou." ”
This chapter is zengzi's advice to the superior in response to the chaos of the insincere and insincerity of the superior at that time.
Old age and death are over. The so-called prudent ending means that the funeral of parents is handled with caution and care, so as not to leave regrets in the treatment of funerals.
How can we be cautious? Bereavement, the absence of sorrow for children, the hasty handling of mourning, shame on people, and the theory of inadequacy. To be a child is to the fullest, to mourn excessively, to be unable to extricate himself for a long time, so that he will damage his body; or to exceed his ability to exhaust his wealth or borrow money to bury him, so as to affect the normal life of the living. These practices are not the righteousness of the ancients to cure mourning.
Confucius said, "Funerals are ceremonial, and sacrifices are ceremonial." "It means to bury the dead with liturgy, and to sacrifice the dead with lilly." Yan Yuan was Confucius's favorite disciple, Yan Yuan's family was poor, and after his death, his classmates wanted to bury him. Confucius said, "You cannot be buried thickly." As a result, Yan Yuan's classmates still buried him thickly. Confucius said, "Yan Yuan regarded me as a father, but I failed to see him as a son." Burying him thickly, not what I meant, it was his classmates. "Confucius regrets that he cannot bury Yan Yuan!"
"The Middle Way": "The Father is the Doctor, and the Son is the Soldier: the mourner is the Doctor, and the sacrifice is the Soldier." The Father is a soldier and the Son is a doctor: mourning a soldier, sacrificing a doctor. "The father is the doctor, the son is the soldier, and after the father dies, the funeral is treated with the courtesy of the doctor, and the ceremony of the soldier is sacrificed." The father is a soldier, the son is a doctor, and after the death of the father, the funeral is treated with the courtesy of a soldier, and the ceremony of a doctor is sacrificed. This is the funeral rite of the ancients.
In ancient rites, the coffins of the Heavenly Son, the princes, and the Qing Doctor could be placed on the chariot (different identities, and the chariot was also different), and then buried at the same time. The coffins of the Shishu people can only be buried in a shallow pit and then buried at the same time. Therefore, when Yan Yuan's father, Yan Lu (who was also a disciple of Confucius), asked to use Confucius's car as a car to temporarily place Yan Yuan's coffin (Yan Yuan was a lifelong soldier, And Yi Li should not use a car, but should be buried shallowly), Confucius could not bear to hurt Yan Lu's heart, who was immersed in the pain of losing his son, so he said: "Whether there is talent or not, they are also his own sons!" My son Kong Carp died, and there was only a coffin, not a funeral car. I don't walk and use the car as his funeral car because I can't walk after the doctor! "Confucius is afraid of disobedience and funeral, insulting Yan Yuan and becoming famous."
Once, Confucius was seriously ill and was afraid that he would not be cured. Among his disciples, the elderly and courageous and good directors of the zilu, organized Confucius's disciples to act as Confucius's courtiers (Confucius was no longer an official in the dynasty at this time, he was no longer a doctor, and he was not a courtier according to etiquette) to prepare for Confucius's future affairs. Later, Confucius's illness eased slightly, and he said, "Yu (Zi Lu's name) has been doing this deceptive work for too long!" Obviously, there is no courtier, but he acts as a courtier. Who am I deceiving? Is it deceptive day? Moreover, instead of dying at the hands of the so-called courtiers, I would rather die at the hands of you disciples!" Even if I can't be buried, will I die on the road without anyone collecting the body? ”
In the midst of the imminent danger of illness, the Master is still able to honor himself and keep his manners, and his sincerity and righteousness are not at all! This is why it is the Law of All Ages.
However, it was rare for those in power at that time to be able to "bury them with ceremonies and sacrifice them with ceremonies." There are like Qi Huangong starving to death, maggots are everywhere, miserable, and the corpses are chen for several months before they can collect the corpses. There is a system of overstepping etiquette, extreme luxury, no matter the cost, violating the etiquette and burying thickly, so that the upward and downward effects, all advocate thick burial, attach importance to the fineness of the ceremonial text, the complexity of the utensils, and give up the end of the book, and become more and more intense. Confucius said: "Etiquette, rather than extravagance, rather frugality." Mourning, rather than easy also, Ning Qi. ”
Chasing away refers to the pursuit of ancestors. The ancestors are far away, and the sacrifice will be sincere, and they will not forget the source. If the ancestors do not dare to forget, and if the sacrifice is still pious, then they will be able to treat those close to them with great virtue. However, the rulers of the time rarely managed to do so.
Duke Lu and Duke Min of Lu were both sons of Duke Zhuang of Lu. The Duke of Min was older, but the son of Shuzi; Duke Min was young, but he was the eldest son of Concubine. Zhuang Gongxue, Min Gongli, and Gong Gong as subjects. Min Gong Xue, Gong Li. In order to curry favor with Duke Wen, the son of Gong Gong, Lu put gong gong lord above the min god lord and disordered the order of sacrifice. Later, the Lu people's sacrifice became more and more disrespectful, and the etiquette was insincere, like a gangster dragging the shed. That's why Confucius said, "I don't want to see what I have done to those who have been poured into the past." (I really can't look at the part of the festival since the instillation)" and said, "Why should I look at it because the ceremony is disrespectful?" ”
He is upright and does not act. His body is not righteous, although he does not obey. In response to this chaos, Confucius spoke out many times: "I do not sacrifice with the sacrifice as if I did not sacrifice." "If a gentleman is devoted to his relatives, the people are prosperous and benevolent." "The virtue of a gentleman, the virtue of a villain." The wind of the grass will be strong. "The Zi Lu": "If you are good at courtesy, the people will not dare to be disrespectful; if you are good at righteousness, the people will not dare to disobey; if you are good at faith, the people will not dare to be merciful." "He himself worshipped his ancestors as he was sacrificed in front of his eyes, and sacrificed ghosts and gods as if ghosts were sacrificed in front of his eyes. Even if it is coarse tea and light rice, vegetable soup, take a little sacrifice before eating the ancestor of the diet, must be serious and respectful, very ritualistic.