Qin Shi Huang was the son of King Zhuang Xiang of the Qin State, who had been mortgaged as a hostage in the State of Zhao, and he met the merchant Lü Buwei in the State of Zhao, and fell in love with Lü Buwei's concubine Zhao Ji, so he married her, and soon there was Qin Shi Huang, who was named Ying Zheng. When Yingzheng was thirteen years old, King ZhuangXiang died and Yingzheng took the throne, and at this time the Qin state was already very powerful, and there were few opponents among the six kingdoms. At this time, the territory of the Qin State was already very vast, and it was all actively opened up to the outside world. At this time, Yingzheng was still relatively young, so he entrusted state affairs to the ministers.
Qin Shi Huang
Consort Yi, who was given the title of Marquis of Changxin, gave him the place of Shanyang, and everything big and small was decided by him, but when Yin Zheng performed the ceremony of crowning him as an adult, Yan Yi launched a rebellion, he stole the empress dowager and the jade seal of the King of Qin to launch the troops of the capital to attack the palace, and when Ying Zheng knew about it, he ordered Chang Pingjun and Chang Wenjun to lead troops to quell the rebels, and finally the Yan Yi army was defeated and captured, ending up with a five-horse corpse, and his family was all destroyed, and the same Xiangguo Lü Buwei was implicated and deposed from the position of Xiangguo.
After solving the internal worries, Yingzheng began to attack the Six Kingdoms and unify the world, Li Si suggested that Yingzheng attack Korea first, South Korea was the weakest among the six countries, the smallest territorial area, and the easiest to attack, Yingzheng adopted Li Si's suggestion. The Liang people came to the State of Qin and persuaded Yingzheng to treat the powerful ministers of various countries with courtesy and use them to disrupt the plans of the various princes in case they joined forces to carry out unexpected attacks, and Yingzheng also adopted his opinion.
In the fourteenth year of the Qin Dynasty, the Qin army attacked the Zhao army at Pingyang, captured Yi'an and pacified Pingyang, Wucheng, and Han Fei sent an envoy to the Qin state, but was detained, and finally Han Fei died in Yunyang. The King of Han requested to submit to the State of Qin. In the eighteenth year, the State of Qin launched a major attack on the State of Zhao. Twenty years later, Prince Dan of Yan was worried that the Qin army would hit Yan, and he was very panicked, so he sent Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin, the matter was revealed, Jing Ke was dismembered to show the public, and then he sent an army to attack the Yan state and defeat the Yan army. In the twenty-second year, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei again, and the Qin army diverted the water of the River to irrigate the city of Daliang, causing the city to be destroyed, and the King of Wei requested surrender, and the State of Qin took all the land of the State of Wei. Twenty-three years later, the State of Qin attacked the State of Chu again and captured the King of Chu. In 25 years, the State of Qin raised an army on a large scale and attacked liaodong county of the Yan state, capturing the Yan king Xibanshi on the way back to the dynasty and attacking the daiguo, capturing the daiwang Zhao Jia. In 26 years, Tian Jian, the King of Qi, and his Xiangguo sent troops to defend the western border of the State of Qi, cutting off contact with the State of Qi, and the State of Qin sent troops to attack the State of Qi through the State of Yan and captured Tian Jian, the King of Qi. Since then, the six Kanto kingdoms have been destroyed, and Yingzheng has unified the world.
After that, Yingzheng summoned all the civil and military officials. Counties and counties have been set up throughout the country, and the law has been unified, which has not appeared since ancient times. Even the Five Emperors could not compare with their own merits. So he called himself Qin Shi Huang.
Qin Shi Huang calculated according to the principle of the five elements of mutual survival, believing that the Zhou Dynasty was fire virtue, and if the Qin State wanted to replace Zhou, it must adopt the water virtue that fire could not withstand, so the clothes, runes, and decorations in the flag were painted black. The prince said that now that the princes were pacified, if they were not given the title of king, I am afraid that they would still not be able to live in peace, while Li Si said that the princes were fighting each other, although they were the same ancestor, they had long been estranged, and there was no point in setting up the princes again. If the various princely states were divided into counties and counties, it would be easier to control the princes and heroes by rewarding them with public taxes. Qin Shi Huang listened to Li Si's opinion. Therefore, the world was divided into thirty-six counties, and each county was set up with guards, lieutenants, and supervisors. Uniform decree and standards of weights and measures. Qin Shi Huang attacked the Xiongnu to the north, recovered the vast land in the Hetao area, and requisitioned migrant workers to reconnect and strengthen the Great Wall of the original Qin, Zhao, and Yan kingdoms, and the territory of the Qin State was unprecedentedly vast and had never appeared since ancient times.
Qin Shi Huang set up a banquet at the Xianyang Palace, and more than seventy doctors came forward to congratulate Qin Shi Huang, but Dr. Chun Yu went forward to accuse the county system, trying to comfort Qin Shi Huang to follow the ancient law and restore the sub-feudal system since the Western Zhou Dynasty, so as to make the country stable and the world peaceful. Qin Shi Huang handed over their opinions to the ministers for discussion, and The minister Li Si believed that the reason why there had been social vacillation in the past generations and that the Son of Heaven did not have much prestige was because the country did not have a unified law and system to follow, which led to the rise of various princes and the division of the four seas, and the root cause of this situation was due to the existence of various Confucian doctrines and private studies, which made people's hearts different and their thinking confused, so Li Si suggested that Qin Shi Huang eliminate private learning and burn all history books except the "Qin Ji". If you dare to talk about "Poetry" in one piece, the punishment of the book will be shown to the public, and the ancient irony will be directly copied from the door, and if the officials know that they will not report it, they will be dealt with according to the same crime. If someone wants to study the law, they can use the official as a teacher. After hearing this, Qin Shi Huang issued an edict saying yes. Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng thought that these Qin laws were too cruel, so they discussed escaping. When Qin Shi Huang heard that the two had escaped, he was furious, believing that the remarks of these people would slander him, in an attempt to aggravate his immorality and disturb the people's hearts. So Yushi was sent to examine them one by one, and these people were reported one by one, and as a result, one by one, Qin Shi Huang personally removed them from the list, a total of more than 460 people, all buried alive in Xianyang.
In October 210 BC, Qin Shi Huang went out on a parade, Li Si and Hu Hai followed together, Qin Shi Huang arrived in Pingyuanjin when he fell ill, and later became more and more serious, he wrote a letter to Gongzi Fusu saying that he should come to Xianyang to attend the funeral, but the letter was stored in the office of Zhao Gao of the Middle East Fuling, and was not handed over to the emissary, soon Qin Shi Huang died on the sand dune platform, and the chancellor Li Si thought that the emperor died in a foreign country, and he was afraid that the princes would take the opportunity to create a change and launch a rebellion, so they kept this matter strictly secret. Only Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, and five or six eunuchs knew the news that the emperor had died. So the two conspired with the chancellor Li Si to open the letter written by Qin Shi Huang, falsely claiming that Li Si had accepted Qin Shi Huang's will in the sand dunes, and made Prince Hu Hai the crown prince, and then wrote a letter to Gongzi Fusu, Meng Tian, listed their crimes, let them commit suicide, and then continued to move forward. Because the weather was relatively hot, the emperor's body was already stinking, and in order to cover up, the officials of the entourage loaded a large cart of pickled fish into the car to cover up the smell, so that others could not tell whether it was the smell of corpses or the smell of fish.
All the way back to Xianyang, this announced that the emperor had died, and let the crown prince Hu Hai take the throne, which was the second emperor. Subsequently, Qin Shi Huang was buried in the Lishan Mausoleum.
It is not unreasonable for Qin Shi Huang to be called the First Emperor of the Ages, he made great contributions to the unification of China and laid the foundation for the territory of later generations. China entered the feudal era and allowed society to develop in the long run.