<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > introduction:</h1>
Shanxi in the early Qing Dynasty was one of the regions with the sharpest and fiercest ethnic contradictions and struggles. The peasants' anti-Qing struggle, the gentry and the people's anti-Qing uprising, their revival movement, and the Qing officials' anyway incident broke out continuously, one after another, frequently complex. For a long time, although many studies have been carried out on the people and events involved in this period of history, some of the activities are still bright and dark. For example, the record of the anti-Qing uprising of considerable scale organized by Yu Yin, Han Zhaoxuan, and other gentry is extremely brief, Han Zhaoxuan's name is concealed in most records, and the fact that the famous scholar Fu Shan was involved in this uprising is not fully revealed, so their arduous and loyal deeds have been almost buried.
Anti-Qing revival paintings
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" >, the leaders of the uprising, Yu Yin, Han Zhaoxuan, and the first and second stages of the uprising</h1>
"Chen YiYu is Yu Yin", that is, Yu Yin's original name was Chen Yi Yu. Yu Yin was his pseudonym after the uprising, using the last word of his original name." Yu" as a surname, the first word "descent" meaning to "Yin" as a name, is a precaution to avoid involving relatives and friends. He is a native of Huazhou, Shaanxi. (3) Huazhou led Huayin and Pucheng counties. Huayin Wanli Jinshi and Hubu Langzhong Chen Zhi had sons Yu (Guanzhi Prefecture), Yu Yu (Guanzhi), Jiyu (Guanzhao Mo), and ZongYu (Guanhongxu Temple). The yu characters are ranked, and the characters of 嗣, 缵, ji, zong, and descent are similar in meaning, so the characters of Yu (虞胤) are undoubtedly the brothers of Chen Zhi's sons. From this point of view, he was actually a native of Huayin, Huazhou, born from the official eunuch mendi, but he himself did not become a scholar. "Cheng Ti was a Taoist official in Shaanxi because of his late father, and he asked Chen Yiyu to teach Xibin a lesson." Guo Cheng Ti is Shanxi "Zezhou Xiucai"; His father was apparently a native of Zezhou (present-day Jincheng), who had served as an envoy to Shaanxi during the Chongzhen dynasty. Yu Yin applied for a lesson to his son Cheng Shi.
The anti-Qing forces grew
Han Zhaoxuan, a native of Puzhou (蒲州, in modern Yongji), Shanxi. The Puzhou Han clan was a Ming and Qing Dynasty lord. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, han furnace officials to university scholars, his brother. Zhuo Guan to Zhi Prefecture, Huan Guan to Tong Zhi (in the early Qing Dynasty, great-grandson Shi Qi Gui presented Shangshu of the Ministry of Works and Right Vice Capital Yushi); Lamp's nephew Kui (Huanzi)
Official to the chief of the Punishment Department (early Qing Dynasty gift official such as change), increase the official to the prefect, His Majesty official to the general judgment, 埴 (Huan Yu) is not Shi: the grandson Chengyi (Kuizi) official to Zhi County (潸初授官如桓), Yu Yi (His Majesty) official to the prefect, Wei Xuanguan to Zhizhou, Zhixuan (Kuizi) Yinguan Punishment Department chief, Jingxuan. (Huan Sun) Is the head of the Yin Official Household Department. Zhaoxuan is undoubtedly Han Deng's grandson. At the end of Chongzhen, he served as Ningyuan Bingbei Dao. It is estimated that he retreated with his army to Enter Guanguan in early March of the seventeenth year (1644) when Wu Sangui abandoned Ningyuan, and surrendered to Wu Sangui-Dao involuntarily. In July of that year, the Qing court "made Han Zhaoxuan, the envoy of Shandong Province, a senator and a minister of the Qingzhou Province" in order to surrender to Ningyuan Bingbei Dao.
But his feelings still seem to be on the side of the Ming Dynasty. In August of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), he was unable to carry out the edict to send the former Ming Dynasty and his main relatives to the capital of Qingzhou Province, so zhu Yihao, the prince of Ningyang, and the king of Gaotang. Yutian Wang. King Pingdu, King Qidong, and some other sons who escaped were dismissed from their posts and arrested. But he was not punished in any criminal way and was soon released, no doubt thanks to the deep connection between his family and the officialdom.
Han Zhaoxuan was released
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > ii, Yu Yin, and Han Zhaoxuan's uprising was divided into three stages</h1>
After Han Zhaoxuan was released by the Qing Dynasty, he apparently returned to Puzhou. Although Puzhou and Huayin are separated provinces, they are actually close neighbors, and Han Zhaoyi and Chen Yiyu may have known each other for a long time. At this time they would get together and hold an anti-Qing uprising.
The first stage was the stage of the uprising of Chu Yin and Han Zhaoxuan in Hancheng, Shaanxi Province, with the support of the Han King. In the winter of the third year of Shunzhi, they went to Hancheng-Belt together, and together with Li Qisheng, a native of Hejin, Shanxi, they supported the King of Han, who had fled east from Pingliang Province, Shaanxi Province (present-day Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, south of Tongxin and adjacent Gansu regions to the east and south). The choice of Hancheng-Belt to launch an uprising, apparently because there was a place where Bihuayin or Puzhou was located from xi'an, the ruling center of the Qing Dynasty in Shaanxi. The military town of Tongguan was a little farther away, and it was easier to retreat to northern Shaanxi in unfavorable times. Li Qisheng said: "Before Qi Sheng, he and Yu Yin and Han Zhaoyi formed a grass chaos with Yu Yin and Han Zhaoyi, and the private pseudo-Han king carried out a pseudo-water history." When the King of Han first established, there was no water calendar, and the King of Han wore the Yong calendar later. At the beginning, it was small in scale and did not cause shock to the Qing Dynasty.
Daming Banner
However, the first phase of the uprising is still meaningful. It took a major step towards the establishment of the King of Han. This was the only later Ming regime founded entirely by the northern landowners (there were also uprisings in the north that supported other Ming people, but did not build the Yuan; There are also some peasant army titles Jianyuan, but not Ming), which is a banner that the northern landlords tried to raise in the face of hardships and dangers. In the process of the Qing army's conquest of the whole country, the north was soon subordinated to its rule, and there was no stubborn resistance of Jiading and Jiangling. Thus the impression was formed, as if the Han landlords in the north had been hit hard by the peasant revolt at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and were eager to turn to the new ruler politically to protect their interests, so they threw themselves into the arms of the Qing Dynasty established by the Manchu nobles. In fact, in the early qing dynasty, for twenty years or more, domestic ethnic contradictions occupied a major position, restricting all aspects of social life, and the north was no exception. In the armed uprising against national oppression and the restoration movement, the landlord class and the masses of the people, their courage to kill themselves and sacrifice their lives for righteousness, the spirit of succession and tenacity and tenacity of the former servants, and the performance of the benevolent people in Jiangnan are the same as the sun and the moon.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > third, political limitations</h1>
The Han Dynasty's Dingwu regime was later combined with the remnants of Li Zicheng's rebel army, the most powerful rebel in Middle-earth, and lasted longer than the Yongli regime, and it quickly embraced Yongli as a co-lord, indicating that it did not have the kind of narrow-mindedness that other regimes in the Southern Ming Dynasty had. That kind of enthusiasm for internal strife. However, the Balance of Power between the Dingwu regime of King Dingwu of Han and the rebel army of Li Zicheng and the Qing Dynasty was in a very unfavorable position, which greatly suppressed their aggressiveness, causing them to be closed in the ten thousand mountains of Yunxi Feidong for a long time, and supporting Yongli limited their own political construction, and their political influence was therefore greatly limited.
North Korea also wants to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty
At the beginning of December of the fifth year of Shunzhi, the general of the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Huanshu Banner, rebelled in response to the peasant army and the former Ming gentry, and many Qing troops stationed in Shanxi surrendered. From the three sides in the north to Fenzhou and Pingyang in the south, "the people are scattered like birds and beasts, and the situation is like disintegration." Han Zhaoxuan wasted no time in crossing the river into the southwestern territory of Shanxi to fight. They were in line with uprisings throughout Shanxi, using the eternal calendar year number. Because Yu Yin claimed that the Ming Cabinet University Scholar and Bingbu Shangshu and the Six Provinces Were strategic, Han Zhao declared himself the governor and called for an uprising.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > four, the curtain came down</h1>
Yu Yin and Han Zhaoxuan's uprising turned to the second stage, and they responded to Jiang Lang's rebellion and entered the stage of fighting in Shanxi. By August, they had connected Puzhou, Hejin, Linjin (present-day Linjin Town), Ronghe (present-day Wanrong Ronghe Town), Yishi (present-day Linyi), Xiezhou (present-day Yuncheng Xiezhou), Jishan and other places, "the natives followed it" and reached the peak of victory at this stage with "300,000 people". It was also at this time that the uprising took a turn. In the same month, Meng Qiaofang, the governor of the qing dynasty and Shaanxi, suppressed the rebellion of Yu Yin and Han Zhaoyi. He entered Shanxi via Tongguan and moved to Puzhou. The Battle of Puzhou, the battle was fierce and fierce, the rebel army was killed, and Puzhou fell.
Meng Qiaofang took advantage of the victory to advance north, broke through the Linjin and Yi clans, killed the Yu Yin general Bai Zhang, and captured the military Dao Wei Dengfang. Yu Yin Han Zhao announced the surrender of Yuncheng and gathered the crowd to hold on. Meng Qiaofang led an army to dig hao and besiege it, and the rest of the month was not captured. Since Jiang Lang was killed in Datong at the end of August, the whole situation has taken a sharp turn for the worse. On September 22, when the five drums were unknown, the Qing Association leader Ghent and others led the Eight Banners, together with the deputy general Zhao Guangrui and others, to attack from the north of Yuncheng and forcibly enter the city. Yu Yin and others were "very well guarded, and the artillery and stones were raining like rain", but they were outnumbered and the city was destroyed. Yu Yin and other stubborn resistance, the battle continued until noon, Jinyang Bohan Zhaoxuan and other unfortunate deaths. The Qing army slaughtered the city at Yuncheng. The uprising suffered heavy losses. After the failure of the main force, "there was a Tun Army Guard who was tuned in the Ling Fox Village of Linjin, and stood still alone. Qiao Fang trampled on it with iron horses, and eight hundred people were annihilated." The second phase of the uprising ended.
The yu yin and Han Zhaoxuan uprisings developed greatly in the second stage. This phase was a fierce and bloody battle throughout the insurrection. The rebel army responded and cooperated with Jiang Lang anyway, dealing a heavy blow to the Qing Dynasty's rule in Shanxi. Han Zhaoxuan and others approved the Ming Zhishi and sacrificed their precious lives for this