In our history textbooks, when we talk about the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, we will mention Nurhaci, the Jurchens of Jianzhou, who successively annexed the Jurchens of Haixi and the Jurchens of the East China Sea, unifying the Jurchen departments of the Northeast Region. In 1616, Nurhaci established the state as a khan with the name of jin and the year of mandate of heaven. Because it is different from the previous Jin Dynasty, the history is called Hou Jin. In the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhaci fell ill and died, and Emperor Taiji succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Yuan Tiancong. In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Emperor Taiji changed the name of the clan to "Manchuria". In the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), Emperor Taiji was proclaimed emperor and changed the name of the country to Daqing. At this time, the Qing Dynasty was officially established.
The Ming Dynasty Jurchens three major parts of the cloth map
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens were divided into three major tribes: the Jurchens of Jianzhou, the Jurchens of Haixi, and the Jurchens of the WildLings.
In 1621 (the first year of the Ming Dynasty, the sixth year of the Later Jin Mandate of Heaven), the "Dongyi Kaoli" also recorded that the Jurchens "have three kinds, from the east of Tang Station to Kaiyuan, the one who lives in Haixi is Haixi Jurchen, the one who lives in Jianzhou and the one who pities Mao is Jianzhou Jurchen, and the one who lives in The Far East is Jurchen."
The Savage Jurchen mentioned here is a generic term for the scattered Jurchens, whose distribution range is extremely wide and very remote, mostly in the deep mountains and old forests along the Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers, and even east of the Coast of Okhotsk and Sakhalin Island, north of the Waixing'an Mountains. Their economy and culture are also very backward, and their development has always lagged behind that of the Jianzhou Jurchens and the Haixi Jurchens, and they have not formed an alliance tribe like the Jianzhou and Haixi Jurchens. They are neighbors of the "Haixi Jurchens", so they are also known as the "East Sea Jurchens".
In the nearly thirty years from the beginning of Nurhaci's fortune to 1625, the Jianzhou Jurchen under the command of Nurhaci sent troops to conquer the Savage Jurchen many times, because it was too far away, and eventually did not completely control all the tribes of the Savage Jurchens, only plundering a large number of people.
The barbarian Jurchen tribes that had been plundered greatly expanded the military strength of the Jurchens in Jianzhou and merged into the "Manchu Community". The remaining tribes that remained in the northeast later developed into Tungusic tribes such as Hezhe, Orunchun, and Evenk, which had certain relations with the Manchus, and some remained in Russia and became the "indigenous peoples of the Far East" in Russia.
Haixi Jurchen, also known as the Four Parts of Hulun, lived in the Great Bend of the Songhua River (in the Ashe River Valley east of present-day Harbin), because the Great Bend of the Songhua River was called Haixi in the Yuan Dynasty, so it was called Haixi Jurchen. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the various departments moved south, forming the four departments of Ula, Hada, Huifa and Yehe. These four tribes were destroyed by Nurhaci between the twenty-seventh year of the Wanli calendar (1599) and the forty-seventh year. Their descendants' surnames are the Uranara clan, the Hadanara clan, the Huifa Nara clan, and the Yehenara clan. All four of these surnames were later called nala, which belonged to the "alien surname Nala", which is said to mean sun.
These four surnames can be regarded as Manchurian surnames, and there have been many dignitaries and dignitaries, and they also have daughters who have married the Manchu Qing Ai Xinjue Luo clan.
Uranara clan because of the relationship between "Zhen Huan", Cai Shaofen played by Yongzheng's empress Uranara clan is impressive, and is well known to everyone.
Cai Shaofen played the Yongzheng Empress of the Uranara clan
The Yehenara clan was also widely known for producing a famous Empress Dowager Cixi. In addition, the famous Qing Dynasty poet Nalan Rongruo (also known as Naran Zhide) also belonged to the Yehenara clan. Later articles will be devoted to the stories of the women of the Yehenara clan.
The other two lesser-known Nala clans also had a history of marrying the Manchu qing royalty.
The Hadanara clan, Nurhaci's father, TakShi's successor Fujin (originally the Kitara clan, Nurhaci's mother died), that is, Nurhaci's stepmother, had a son, and was so abusive to Nurhaci that Nurhaci had to leave home, and after the death of his grandfather and father, he raised an army with thirteen pairs of armor and eventually established Houjin. In addition, Nurhaci's concubine Amin Zhezhe, daughter of Belhadanala Huergan, childless, buried in the Fuling (Nurhachi Mausoleum) Shoukang TaifeiYuan after her death, and was also the only concubine of the Qing Dynasty who was born from the Hadanara clan.
In film and television, Amin Zhezhe
Kangxi's seventh son Ai Xinjue Luo Yinyou's Concubine Fujin, and the ninth son Ai Xinjue Luo Yin's first son, Hongzhi's Concubine Fujin, were both of the Hadanara clan.
Among the Huifa Nara clan, the most famous is the second empress of Qianlong, that is, the "bad" empress played by Dai Chunrong in "Huan Zhu Gege", and the Qingying played by Zhou Xun in "Ruyi Zhuan", who was first named a concubine, and after the death of Empress Fucha became the successor, and finally broke with Qianlong, did not hesitate to break the family, and finally mysteriously disappeared.
Dai Chunrong played the Qianlong Empress
Zhou Xun played the second empress of Qianlong