April 5, 1931, the day before the Qingming Festival. At this time, the city of Jinan was full of sorrows.
At the execution ground of the Houjia Compound on Weiba Road, Deng Enming, a deputy to the CPC, was shackled and sang the "Internationale" together with 21 other Communist Party members, shouting the slogan "Long live the Communist Party" and calmly taking action.
In Deng Enming's revolutionary career, full of twists and turns and dangers, he once said in a family letter to his parents: "Children are different from others, and the most hated thing is fame and profit, so there are negative parents' expectations, but what they want is so, and there is nothing to do... Sons advocate the establishment and never change. ”
Deng Enming's life has only gone through 30 years, but he has practiced his firm faith and Zhengzheng oath with his life.
The only representative of middle school students at the Communist Party of China
Akahi yan yan resigned to LiCheng
The future is uncertain
The boy made a steel ambition
The national economy and people's livelihood have been renewed
- "The Future" Dun Enming
On January 5, 1901, Deng Enming was born in Banbenzhai, Shuipu Village, Libo County, Guizhou Province, to a family of aquatic laborers. Since he was a child, Deng Enming has accompanied his father, who is practicing medicine, to the countryside and villages, and has a deep understanding of the tragic life of the local people.
Dunn Ming
In 1918, Deng Enming was admitted to Shandong Provincial No. 1 Middle School with excellent results. There he read magazines such as The New Youth and the Weekly Review, as well as progressive books such as The History of the Russian Revolution, The Communist Manifesto, and Introduction to Capital, which introduced the Soviet Revolution and propagated Marxism.
After the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, Deng Enming actively participated in the student patriotic movement, was elected as the leader of the student self-government association and the director of the publishing department, edited the school newspaper, and organized students to participate in the strike movement. In the common struggle, he formed a close comrade-in-arms with Wang Gemei, a student of the Provincial First Normal School, and together organized students to boycott Japanese goods, oppose traitorous treaties, actively participated in propaganda, speeches, class strikes, parades and other activities, and became an influential figure in the student circles.
In the summer of 1920, Wang Leping, president of the Qilu Book Society, recommended Wang Gemei and Deng Enming to contact the Shanghai Initiation Group of the Communist Party of China and start to prepare for the early organization of the Communist Party of Jinan. In September, Deng Enming and others contacted a group of local progressive young intellectuals and secretly established the Communist Society. In November, the Lixin Society for the study of revolutionary theory was established, and Deng Enming served as the secretary of the society and the general affairs of the conference. The Society published the semi-monthly magazine "Li Xin" with the purpose of introducing new culture and new ideas, and Deng Enming published articles in the semi-monthly magazine of "Li Xin" to introduce the October Revolution in Russia, expose the darkness of society, and attack the current social situation such as old etiquette and old education.
In the spring of 1921, under the influence and help of the early party organizations in Beijing and Shanghai, Wang Gemei, Deng Enming and others formally established the early organization of the Jinan Communist Party. Because of their excellent work and outstanding performance, in July of that year, Deng Enming and Wang Gemei, on behalf of the Jinan Communist Group, went to Shanghai to attend the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
At this time, Deng Enming, who was only 20 years old, was the only junior high school student among the 13 deputies and the only representative of ethnic minorities.
The Ccp is a big one
After the end of the "First Congress", the Party Central Committee established the Shandong District Branch of the CPC in Jinan, and Deng Enming served as a member of the branch and actively engaged in the party's organization, propaganda work and labor movement work. In the process, his unique minority status gave him a "powerful weapon" for revolutionary propaganda work.
Deng Enming's hometown of Libo is a multi-ethnic area inhabited by shui, buyi, Yao and Miao. These ethnic groups can sing and dance, and under such influence, Deng Enming also has a high artistic quality. When he was in elementary school, he was a famous singer in the school, not only singing, but also composing folk songs, as well as excellent flute and Xiao playing ability, creating a large number of catchy, easy to understand, and inspiring revolutionary propaganda songs. These songs were deeply loved by the masses of the people and were sung everywhere, making great contributions to the promotion of revolutionary propaganda work.
Manuscripts of ballads on display at The Former Residence of Deng Enming
Deng Enming is also good at painting. Creating revolutionary comics was his second "weapon." When the warlords were rampant, Deng Enming painted a painting called "The Cruelty of Zhang Thief Zongchang", which portrayed the brutality, greed and ugliness of the warlords to the fullest: only to see Zhang Zongchang holding aloft a bloody butcher's knife, stepping on the skeleton and yuanbao at his feet, making people look at the sweat and hair upside down, and could not help but marvel.
Toss and turn
Active revolution despite danger
The southern geese fly north and south, and they do not think of returning;
Aiming for life, regardless of safety;
Life is not enough to pity, death is not enough to be sad;
The head is hot and bloody, and the immortality is eternal.
- "Shuzhi" Deng Enming
In July 1922, after attending the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Deng Enming was sent to Qingdao to work and established the Qingdao branch of the Communist Party of China. Later, with the increase in the number of people, the Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, and Deng Enming served as secretary. In Qingdao, Deng Enming has been focusing mainly on the workers' movement. He often wore shorts and shorts, disguised himself as a worker, went deep into the factory workshop, and traveled to the railways and coal mines, where the working people at the bottom gathered, gave lectures to them and secretly organized trade unions.
"Letter from Dunn Ming to His Father", written on May 8, 1924. In the collection of Guizhou Provincial Museum
In February 1925, Deng Enming launched a general strike of Qingdao Jiaoji railway workers. Jiaoji railway workers brought sleepers and steel rails to block the railway line, the driver turned off the fire and extinguished the furnace, all sections and stations stopped, and the entire Line of Jiaoji Railway was paralyzed. The strike lasted nine days, forcing the railway bureau to agree to conditions for resuming work, including wage increases.
A few years later, Deng Zhongxia praised this strike in "A Brief History of the Chinese Workers' Movement": "At this time, there was a new force, which was not available in the '27' period, that is, the Jiaoji Railway Trade Union, which was specially launched by different armies. After the Chinese working class was greatly hit, it was able to rise up and organize trade unions, and its membership grew to more than 1,500 people. ”
However, it was precisely because of the leadership strike that Deng Enming attracted the attention of jiao'ao commercial port and the Japanese, who sent a large number of spies to stalk and arrest deng enming.
Under the active rescue of the Cpc Shandong Party Committee and the CCP organization in Qingdao, in May 1925, Deng Enming was released and expelled from Qingdao. But in order to organize the workers' movement, Deng Enming quietly sneaked back to Qingdao. For this reason, he was subjected to a large-scale manhunt, and the streets and alleys were plastered with warrants for his arrest.
In the early morning of November 7, 1925, while Deng was presiding over a meeting, a group of policemen rushed in and took him away. At this time, Deng Enming had already suffered from tuberculosis, and he was tortured and dying under torture, but he was still tenacious. In the end, the party rescued and two Guizhou officials as a guarantee, and Deng Enming was released.
After his release from prison, Mr. Deng lived at his uncle's house to recuperate, and his family advised him not to engage in political activities again. After my father heard about it, he traveled thousands of miles from Guizhou to Shandong. When he saw his son in human form, his father burst into tears and bitterly advised Deng Enming to follow him back to his hometown in Guizhou.
At home and in the country, Deng Enming resolutely chose the latter.
In desperation, my father had to return to Guizhou alone. No one would have thought that this distinction would be eternal.
Traitors inform, blood stains the execution ground
Thirty years turn by,
Ambition is not rewarded.
I will not hesitate to die before I am,
Subsequent consolations frequently consoled the Nine Springs.
- "Farewell" Deng Enming
For the last three years of his life, Deng spent in prison.
In December 1928, due to the betrayal of traitors, Deng Enming was arrested in Jinan. While in prison, Deng Enming organized the Communist Party members who were arrested and imprisoned, set up a party organization in prison, and successively organized the prisoners to carry out several hunger strikes, not only achieving improved food, allowing them to read books and newspapers, and not carrying shackles, but also enabling the prisoners to unite around the prison party organizations with him as the main leader.
Deng Enming organized two escapes in prison, the first time was hastily carried out due to being whistleblowed, and failed. In July 1929, Deng Enming drew up a more detailed and elaborate escape plan, and the members of the command structure who organized the escape included five of him. Then, he combined the strengths and weaknesses of the party members who participated in the escape, forming three squads, and the teams cooperated with each other and had their own division of labor. In order to make the escape more secure, Deng Enming also secretly drew a road map from each cell to the prison gate. In order to cooperate with the outside world, the party organization in Jinan took advantage of the opportunity of the family members of the party members in prison to visit the prison and secretly brought saw blades and other tools into prison.
Deng Enming and his comrades are in prison
The escape was scheduled for July 21, a Sunday, and the guards were often listless and lax at work. After dinner, taking advantage of the opportunity of the guards to open the door, the first team of inmates commanded by Deng Enming rushed out, grabbed their weapons, rang the signal bell, and the second and third teams moved in response.
According to the previous deployment, Wang Yongqing, a former traffic officer of the provincial party committee and a strong and strong man, rushed out with his fellow prisoners. After a short but fierce fight, the inmates rushed into the street and evacuated in separate ways. However, due to the long-term detention and torture, most of the prisoners were physically weak, had limited mobility, and the roads were unfamiliar, except for some of the prisoners who escaped from danger, Deng Enming and more than ten other party members were arrested.
At 6:00 a.m. on April 5, 1931, more than 20 victims, including Deng Enming and Liu Qian, were killed by the enemy in Jinan. Before the righteousness, Deng Enming endured the pain of illness and wrote a farewell poem: "I will not hesitate to die first, and then frequently comfort jiuquan." ”
Former residence of Deng Enming
It is better to die unyieldingly, and the mighty spirit will last forever. Throwing himself into the torrent of revolution when he was a teenager and heroically righteous at the age of 30, Deng Enming's life was short, but it was as brilliant as a star.
bibliography:
1. Miao Tijun and Dou Chunfang: Several Mysteries Studied by Deng Enming, a major representative of the Communist Party of China, Century Bridge, No. 16, 2009
2. Zhang Ye Award: Deng Enming in the last days, "Chinese Soul", No. 10, 1997
3. Xu Yungen: The Reason why Deng Enming became a major representative of the Communist Party of China, Shanghai Party History and Party Building, April 2011
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