Artificial inoculation of cistanche in Hexi region
_Zhang Xuekai
Cistanche, also known as Cistanche, Cistanche, and Chaganoya (Mongolian), is an endangered species. Herb, 40 to 160 cm tall, mostly underground, flowering from May to June, fruit from June to August. It is distributed in Inner Mongolia (Azuoqi), Gansu (Changma) and Xinjiang and other regions, is a parasitic plant in the root of the desert plant Soso, known as "desert ginseng" reputation, has a high medicinal value.
At present, artificial cultivation technology is mainly used in Hexi area, and the seeds of desert cistanche are planted near the root of the shuttle to promote the formation of its parasitic relationship, improve the growth and reproduction of cistanche, and have good ecological benefits such as drought resistance, cold tolerance and salt tolerance. Planting in areas with fragile ecological environments can not only improve the effect of wind and sand fixation, but also optimize the soil and improve the local ecological environment. Therefore, areas in Hexi that use shuttles to artificially inoculate cistanche must pay attention to the study of planting techniques to improve the overall planting effect.
1 Artificial afforestation inoculation of cistanche technology
Cistanche is suitable for growing in areas with poor habitat conditions such as arid climate, low rainfall, large evaporation, long sunshine hours, and large temperature difference between day and night. It tends to grow in sandy or semi-fixed dunes, dry riverbeds, lake basin depressions, etc. Cistanche prefers soft sandy lands with mild salinization and is mainly composed of gray palm deserts and brown deserts.
1.1 Sowing in the ditch
According to the requirements of afforestation of the Shuttle forest, the plant row spacing is dug and buried, and the plant spacing is 150 cm, the row spacing is 400 cm, and the hole depth is 40 cm, and 110 seedlings are preserved every 667 m2.
On land with flat terrain, sparse vegetation, mild wind erosion and desertification, the land is prepared in the shape of a ring belt, and mechanical trenches are dug along the afforestation belt, and the depth of the trench is 40 to 50 cm. After the snow and ice melt in the spring, turn the soil in time for afforestation. Dig seedbeds on the east or southeast side of wild sophora forests, or dig a large seedbed trench where hosts are dense. After that, the seeds are sown on the seedbed, and the cow and sheep manure is applied, covering the soil for 30 to 40 cm. Ditches or seedbed pits should be left for watering. The artificial shuttle forest grows neatly and in rows, and can be ditched on both sides of the plant as a seedbed. After sowing, it is necessary to keep the seedbed moist and induce the host roots to extend into the seedbed. Seedbeds are generally sown in spring or autumn, and in the second year, some seedbeds have cistanche parasitism, and most of them emerge and flower within 2 to 4 years after sowing.
Cistanche has grown at the base of the shuttle
1.2 Seedling management
1.2.1 Soil water content management After the completion of afforestation work, irrigation needs to be carried out immediately, and the current irrigation method is mainly drip irrigation, which is drip at one time. Drip irrigation is done at least 8 times a year to ensure the moisture content of the soil. In this process, if the soil water content changes, timely measures need to be taken to control the water content in the soil. The core of management in windy areas is soil cultivation and wind protection.
1.2.2 Seedling management Before afforestation and transplanting, the root system of seedlings should be pruned, soaked and dipped in mud. It is recommended to use water retaining agents or ABT rooting powder in afforestation and greening. Plant the seedlings with the digging holes to ensure that the seedling stems are vertical, the root system is extended, and the depth is moderate. 2 plants per burrow. After planting, step on the solid, and then gently lift the seedlings to ensure that the root system is in close contact with the soil and breathable.
1.3 Inoculate cistanche
Cistanche can be vaccinated all year round, but it is advisable in spring and autumn. The focus of inoculation is 30 to 50 cm from the host plant shuttle. The hole is dug first, and then the inoculation paper is placed in the hole. When placing the inoculation paper, be careful to place the suction surface of the inoculation paper on the outside and ensure that there are 2 inoculation papers in each pit. Backfill after placement is complete. Inoculation forest areas need to be protected by fences to avoid livestock destruction and damage to hosts.
2 Post-afforestation management
In the early stage of afforestation, in order to ensure the survival and growth and development of the main body (host) of afforestation, irrigation can be irrigated 1 to 2 times a year. An appropriate amount of fertilizer can be applied, mainly choose farm fertilizer, and the application of chemical fertilizer is prohibited. In addition, fences and protective measures should be put in place to prevent the destruction of hosts due to livestock grazing.
3 Pest control
3.1 Diseases
The main disease is powdery mildew, in order to effectively avoid this disease, in the dry period to pay attention to water supply. If this condition occurs, it is necessary to spray with Be 3° to 5° stone sulfur compound or use 25% powder rust 4000 times liquid spray for treatment every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 consecutive doses. The root rot of the shuttle mainly occurs at the seedling stage, in the early stage of afforestation, we must pay attention to the work of loosening the soil, if there is a root rot of the shuttle in the forest area, use 50% carbendazim irrigation root control.
3.2 Insect pests
Seed flies usually occur during the flowering period of cistanche, and their larvae mainly harm the tender stems of cistanche, and will also decay into the underground foundation of cistanche to destroy, seriously endangering the growth of cistanche. It can be sprayed on the ground or root control with 800 times liquid of 90% dimethods or 1000 times liquid of 40% lego emulsion.
3.3 Rat infestation
The porphyllus tree is highly susceptible to gerbils and can establish artificial induction facilities to control the density of rodents. Botulinum toxin type C can be used in severe spring and autumn rat infestation, or zinc phosphide or dalong bait can be placed at the mouth of its hole for booby traps.
4 Harvesting
4.1 Mining
In the spring, you can dig for cistanche. The mining depth is based on the location of the parasitic junction. When excavating, non-metallic wood or inlay tools must be used. The stubble height of cistanche is preferably 5 to 8 cm above the root knot. If several cistanche plants parasitize on the same host plant, stubble needs to be selected according to the host growth conditions. If it grows well, you can choose to leave 2 to 4 cistanches to maintain a good growth state, and the rest can be removed; if the growth state is poor, you need to flatten the stubble and remove all the others.
4.2 Drying
Immerse the discolored cistanche in hot water or cut off the discolored part, then place it on a clean cement surface or other non-metallic tool for ventilation, turn it 2 to 3 times a day to prevent mildew, and collect it until it is completely dry (no more than 10% water content).
4.3 Measures to increase production
The head of cistanche is dug out, cut off with a wooden or plastic cane 10 cm from the surface, and buried with soil. Backfill in time after the stubble is leveled, and the wet soil is filled first to avoid damaging the parasitic roots and connection points. After the backfill soil has been leveled, compaction is carried out, which is conducive to increasing production next year.