On November 7, 2020, under the background of the 10-year fishing ban plan of the Yangtze River, the Seminar on Green and High-quality Development of Freshwater Fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was held in the Lecture Hall of Block B of the State Key Laboratory of Microbiology of Huazhong Agricultural University.
With the theme of "Green and High-quality Development of Freshwater Fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt under the Background of implementing the Ten-Year Fishing Ban Plan of the Yangtze River", the conference further summarized and discussed the development status and future opportunities of freshwater fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, so as to jointly promote the green and high-quality development of freshwater fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and realize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature in the Yangtze River Basin.
Hosted by Huazhong Agricultural University, the seminar was attended by Academician Cao Wenxuan of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academician Zhang Qi of Huazhong Agricultural University, Jiang Kaiyong, Deputy Director of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Li Wei, Director of the National Aquatic Technology Extension Station, Zheng Guorong, Deputy Director of the Hubei Provincial Agricultural Development Center, Dr. Wang Zhenzhong of the Rural Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Yin Zhan, Director of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Liu Yingjie, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Zou Guiwei, director of the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Li Jiale, vice president of Shanghai Ocean University, Chang Jianbo, director of the Institute of Water Ecology of Wuhan University, Liu Qiang, general manager of Aohua Group, and more than 80 experts and scholars from administrative departments, colleges and universities, scientific research institutes and related enterprises.
■ Yang Shaobo, Vice President of Huazhong Agricultural University, delivered a speech
■ Jiang Kaiyong, deputy director of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, delivered a speech
■ Zheng Guorong, deputy director of Hubei Provincial Agricultural Development Center, delivered a speech
■ Dr. Wang Zhenzhong of the Rural Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology delivered a speech
■ Li Wei, director of the National Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, delivered a speech
Topic 1: Innovative concepts and technologies for the protection and optimal utilization of aquatic biological species resources and aquatic environment resources in the Yangtze River
Academician Cao Wenxuan, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: A ten-year ban on fishing is an important measure for the ecological restoration of the Yangtze River
"The Yangtze River is sick, and the disease is not light, the Yangtze River biological integrity index has reached the worst 'no fish' level", Cao Wenxuan, academician of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, after reading this sentence, stressed that the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River cannot be delayed, and the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River should be placed in an overwhelming position!
The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, with a unique ecosystem and an important ecological treasure house in China. However, with the development of the economy, the Yangtze River is getting busier and busier. Fishing production in the fishing industry rose sharply at one point. Cao Wenxuan pointed out in the report that the white sturgeon and the white sturgeon have disappeared, the Chinese sturgeon and finless porpoise have reached a critically endangered state, the anchovies in the "three fresh fish of the Yangtze River" have disappeared in the Yangtze River, the resources of the knife sturgeon have been seriously depleted, the dark eastern sturgeon has no fish flood, and the fry occurrence of the "four major fish" has undergone significant changes. He said that the main reason for the decline of aquatic biological resources and the damage of aquatic ecosystems is that they are affected by a variety of human activities, and the overfishing of barracuda is the most important reason for the decline of resources. For example, the electric fishing method has dealt a devastating blow to aquatic organisms, rake snails in lakes have destroyed aquatic vegetation, sand dredging has damaged the ecology of waters, and other factors that have damaged the ecology of waters (hydropower project construction, barriers between rivers and lakes, environmental pollution).
At the meeting, Cao Wenxuan talked about why he proposed a "ten-year fishing moratorium" in 2006. "There are deficiencies in the fishing ban period, and the three-month fishing moratorium every year has not received a protective effect. The ten-year ban on fishing, so that the fishing fishery withdraws from the Yangtze River and large lakes, one will not affect the development of China's fisheries, the other will not affect the people's demand for freshwater fish, at the same time, the Yangtze River can recuperate, fishery germplasm resources can be restored, is a necessary means to protect the future of fisheries. ”
Finally, Cao Wenxuan explained to everyone the purpose and significance of the ten-year ban on fishing, and summed it up in one sentence, green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains!
Liu Yingjie, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Researcher: Conservation and optimal utilization of freshwater biological germplasm resources
In the report, Liu Yingjie first analyzed the basic situation of aquatic germplasm resources conservation, and reported the work with everyone in terms of the work concept of the conservation and utilization of aquatic germplasm resources and the content and progress of related planning.
He put forward several thoughts on the optimal utilization of aquatic germplasm resources. The first point, from the perspective of research utilization efficiency: based on basic theory, technological innovation as the core, and the simultaneous rational utilization of production ecology as the starting point and focus point; full attention is paid to the possibility of nonlinear development of the seed industry brought about by subversive technologies; reduce the "choice cost", coordinate the allocation of resources and means, and improve the efficiency of research and utilization. The second point is from the perspective of industrial development trend and demand for the development and utilization of germplasm resources: pay attention to, analyze and adapt to the trend of variety structure adjustment and upgrading (the main breeding object variety structure adjustment and industrial optimization and upgrading project); third, from the perspective of the industrial effect of germplasm resource utilization: good seeds and good methods are equally important, good seeds are the core, and good methods are the coordinated development ideas.
Professor Zhang Yong'an, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University: Evaluation and mining of aquatic animal germplasm resources with characteristics of the Yangtze River
The Yangtze River is 6,300 Km long, flows through 11 provinces and cities, has a basin area of 1.8 million Km², and more than 7,000 tributaries; habitat diversity has created a wealth of aquatic biodiversity. The Yangtze River is a treasure trove of aquatic biological resources and a pillar of fishery, known as the river of life, with 416 species of fish, 362 species of pure freshwater fish, and 178 species of yangtze river endemic fish.
At the meeting, Zhang Yong'an and everyone presented the survey and evaluation of the germplasm resources of characteristic fish in the Yangtze River Basin, covering Tuantou bream (Wuchang fish), mandarin fish, yellow jaw fish, loach and Central Warsaw pond fish. Taking mandarin fish as an example, through a comprehensive investigation of the distribution of mandarin fish germplasm resources in the Yangtze River Basin, a rich and perfect mandarin fish germplasm resource bank was constructed, and the whole genome fine map and high-density genetic linkage map of mandarin mandarin, big-eyed mandarin and spotted mandarin were completed, and the molecular mechanism of mandarin fish eating live bait was analyzed by multiple groups.
Then, in view of the development and utilization of characteristic economic fish in the Yangtze River Basin, Zhang Yong'an took the species of bream, mandarin fish, yellow jaw fish, loach and crayfish as examples, and discussed the innovation and development and utilization of germplasm resources of these types of species. At the end of the report, he talked about the protection and development of characteristic economic fish in the Yangtze River.
Chen Daqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Researcher: Frontier Technologies and Applications of River Water Ecological Survey
China is one of the largest freshwater water countries in the world, with a total area of 17.594 million hectares, inland freshwater waters centered on the four major rivers of the Yangtze River, the Yellow Sea, Heilongjiang and the Pearl River, and there are more than 2,800 large and small lakes, more than 5,000 large and small rivers and many reservoirs and ponds distributed nationwide.
"The sharp decline in fishery resources, the increasing endangerment of species, the loss of genetic diversity of economic aquatic animals, the mixing of germplasm, and the severe situation of biological invasion have made 'aquatic ecosystems on the verge of collapse'. With the changes in national policies (the implementation of the fishing ban policy) and the limitations of traditional survey techniques, we have made some explorations of cutting-edge technologies and applications. For example, conventional mesh surveys, hydroacoustic technology, environmental DNA technology, ultrasonic telemetry technology, Doppler profile measuring instrument, dual-frequency recognition sonar DIDSON, remote sensing technology, underwater cameras, etc. Chen Daqing said.
Finally, Chen Daqing elaborated on the "14th Five-Year Plan" outlook for fishery resource conservation in terms of theoretical breakthroughs, technological integration and industrial demonstration.
Feng Guangpeng, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Researcher: Comprehensive management and scientific utilization of fishery resources in lakes in the Yangtze River Basin
Regarding the comprehensive management of lake fishery resources, Feng Guangpeng believes that it is necessary to start from innovating the law enforcement means of fishing ban management; promoting the comprehensive restoration of the ecological environment; improving the resource monitoring and evaluation system; improving the level of breeding of fishery resources; and setting up lake patrol and fishing teams to solve the employment of fishermen.
Talking about the development and utilization of lake fishery resources, Feng Guangpeng said that it can be considered from the preliminary study of the management policy of berth fishery resources; fishery resources are owned by the state (the whole people) and collectives; the quota fishing and quota fishing of lake fishery resources; the state and collective organized operation and utilization to solve the employment of fishermen; the comprehensive conservation of lake fishery resources; the monitoring and evaluation of lake fishery resources and feedback and early warning; and the comprehensive assessment of the development and utilization of lake fishery resources.
Then, Feng Guangpeng took Chagan Lake and Qiandao Lake as examples to share the experience and practices of lake fishery management and utilization. Finally, he discussed with you the initiatives for the protection and utilization of fishery resources in nine lakes.
Topic 2: Ideas and measures for the ecological, refined and intelligent development of freshwater fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Academician Zhang Qi: Reshaping the "Land of Fish and Rice" with "Double Water and Double Green"
Pest and disease hazards, the abuse of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, water resources and drought, quality and yield have become the main problems in China's crop production. In this context, China's agricultural scientists call for a "second green revolution", that is, less input, more output, and protection of the environment.
In the report, Zhang Qiqi introduced the green super rice GSR and double water double green (new model of rice cultivation/breeding). He said that rice cultivation not only improves the economic benefits of agriculture, but also provides great opportunities and potential for the green and sustainable development of agriculture. For example, in the "rice-shrimp" system: the vast paddy field provides the shrimp with a space for shrimp to grow robustly; the field is flooded in the winter after rice harvest, and the rice stalks can provide a habitat for the shrimp fry, and the hatching of the shrimp fry has a thermal insulation effect; the decay of rice stalks promotes the growth of plankton in water bodies, which not only provides food for the shrimp, but also effectively solves the contradiction of straw returning to the field; it is conducive to the digestion and utilization of rice stalks, but also kills residual pests, reduces the source of insects in the following year, and reduces insect pests; and the excrement of shrimp provides organic fertilizer for rice The presence of shrimp restricts the application of pesticides and fertilizers. It can be seen that this "shrimp-rice" mutually beneficial symbiosis system can effectively achieve resource conservation, environmental friendliness and ecological balance, and has great potential to lead the reform of agricultural production mode.
Taking into account long-term development and current needs, in the new era of rice, Zhang Qi pointed out that China's agriculture is undergoing profound changes that have never been encountered before, and our mission is to adapt to new needs; develop new technologies, cultivate new varieties; create new products, extend the industrial chain; create new models; promote new consumption and lead new trends.
Liu Jiashou, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Researcher: Large surface ecological fishery - key technologies and development concepts
Liu Jiashou mentioned in the report that the development of large water surface fisheries is facing a critical period of transformation, and it is necessary to ensure that large water surface aquaculture is an ecological fishery that uses natural bait resources. He believes that the Huku fishery in the Yangtze River Basin cannot be banned at once, and the ban on fishing/breeding cannot solve the ecological problems of the large water surface. It is necessary to give play to ecological functions such as fishery algae control and water purification through efficient and balanced utilization of natural bait resources in lakes, so as to achieve a win-win situation of environmental protection and fishery efficiency.
Liu Jiashou explained the two key technologies of natural value-added technology and artificial stocking and breeding technology, in terms of the comprehensive application of key technologies, he took the Liangzi Lake group as an example, since 2016, the release of filter-feeding fish (silver carp, bighead carp) to control algal blooms; breeding and stocking of fish-eating fish to control small fish and cultivate zooplankton; strict control of herbivorous fish and bottom disturbance fish; breeding macrobenths - snails and mussels. It has obtained a good demonstration effect, with the coverage rate of submerged plants exceeding 70%; 16 species of aquatic plants restored; at present, of the city's 163 lakes, Niushan Lake is the only lake with water quality reaching Class II;the water quality of liangzi Lake North and North Tsui demonstration area is significantly better than that of the control area; fish biodiversity restoration, and now 3 species of salmon have been restored.
Finally, he put forward the development concept of large surface ecological fishery, which is simply summarized as four points, standardized production, collaborative utilization, intelligent management, and integrated development.
Professor Li Dapeng, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University: Innovation of green ecological breeding mode of pond engineering
At the meeting, Li Dapeng introduced the implementation plan of the collaborative promotion project and summarized the six main achievements of the project: first, to promote the "two reductions" of rice fields and the "zero discharge" of aquaculture tailwater; second, to promote the efficiency of fisheries and increase the income of fishermen; third, the demonstration benefits are obvious, and the industry drives the radiation capacity of the rice and shrimp model; the fourth is to promote the transformation of fishermen in the Yangtze River and promote precision poverty alleviation; the fifth is to promote industrial adjustment and promote the integration of the first, second, and third industries; the sixth is to strengthen brand building, and there are many scientific and technological achievements.
Professor Tan Hequn, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University: Engineering science and technology innovation promotes the high-quality development of freshwater fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
"It is necessary to adhere to the combination of problem-oriented and goal-oriented, take high-quality development as the main line, accelerate technological innovation and engineering integration, and rely on policy empowerment, technology empowerment, and capital empowerment to enhance the new momentum of freshwater fishery development." Comprehensively improve the level of mechanization, intelligence, standardization, greening, industrialization, organization and sustainable development of fishery production. Tan Hequn said.
Regarding the technological innovation of freshwater fishery engineering, he put forward two suggestions, one is to strengthen organizational leadership and increase policy support; the other is to carry out technological innovation in freshwater fishery engineering in an organized manner.
Topic 3: Policies and measures and suggestions to ensure that professional fishermen can be landed, stand firm, change production smoothly, and live and work in peace and contentment
Wuhan Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Detachment Wang Wengao Detachment Leader: Fishing is prohibited on the Yangtze River, fishermen are disembarked, and Wuhan is in action
To consolidate the foundation of "not wanting to catch" and create a "can't catch" atmosphere, Hubei Wuhan has made every effort to do a good job in banning fishing and retiring from the Yangtze River. The prohibited fishing area in Wuhan includes 150.5 km of the main stream of the Yangtze River, 72 km of the main stream of the Han River and 4 aquatic germplasm resources conservation areas with a total area of 330.25 square kilometers.
Wang Wengao talked about several main practices: First, people-oriented, precise policy, and lay a solid foundation for "not wanting to catch"; second, departmental linkage, joint law enforcement, and the formation of a situation of "not daring to catch"; third, effective guidance, extensive publicity, and creating an atmosphere of "no catching".
"There have been no finless porpoises in Wuhan for many years, but traces of finless porpoise activity have been found in the Wuhan section of the river many times since August this year." Wang Wengao said that in the next step, the government department will also jointly scientific research and public welfare units to start the "return of porpoises to Jiangcheng" work, comprehensively promote the "four nons" rectification of the Yangtze River, and increase the development of the Yangtze River fish domestication industry.
Liu Qiang, general manager of Aohua Group Aobao Company: Promoting the green and high-quality development of freshwater fisheries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an unshirkable social responsibility of enterprises
At the meeting, Liu Qiang expressed support for the national ten-year ban on fishing. He said that on the one hand, the ten-year ban on fishing will promote the great development of the aquatic industry; on the other hand, it is not possible to help but not, ecological environmental protection is related to the future of the country and the people. However, the ban on fishing also brings some problems, such as: the resettlement of fishermen, the gap in consumer demand, etc. Liu Qiang believes that vigorously developing aquaculture is the only solution. However, some of the problems that arise in the development of aquaculture also need to be considered, such as water pollution and the problem of farmers making money. He said that feed enterprises have the responsibility to participate in the solution in depth, the way is to resolutely promote the healthy breeding model, promote the development of aquaculture, but also in line with the national policy of protecting the ecological environment. "Because of this concept, Aohua has ushered in a great development." Finally, he introduced the concept and development of Aohua.
■ Group photo of participants