Source: Overseas Network
On October 14, residents practiced in Chongqing's Yunyang Moonlight Lawn Park. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Quanchao
On October 16, cyclists rode on the flood control embankment of Qidu Street in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Photo by Su Qiao (People's Vision)
Do you know what health-related facilities are available in the city? What are the differences in the planning, construction and use of health facilities in different cities?
Recently, the research report of Tsinghua Urban Health Facilities Index was jointly released by the China Institute of New Urbanization of Tsinghua University, the Vanke School of Public Health and Health of Tsinghua University, and the Institute of Healthy China of Tsinghua University in Beijing. Through the innovative use of multi-source big data and geographic information technology, the report conducts a comprehensive assessment of the planning, construction level and facility use of health facilities in 80 major cities in China, and focuses on the overall situation of cities of different regions, different types and different sizes, and analyzes the causes of the problems found and puts forward policy recommendations.
Urban health facilities do not refer to health institutions alone
When you think of urban health facilities, do you think of hospitals first?
"The 'health facilities' that the report focuses on not only refers to medical and health facilities, but also involves all health elements such as pensions, traditional Chinese medicine, psychology, sports, green travel, and emergency shelter." Li Dong, senior research commissioner of the China Institute of New Urbanization at Tsinghua University, introduced that the report emphasizes the intersection and combination of public health and spatial planning.
Li Dong introduced that in the construction of indicators, the "Tsinghua Urban Health Facilities Index" relies on the theoretical framework of public health and spatial planning disciplines, reorganizes the core content of "health + facilities", establishes an indicator system of 3 secondary indicators and 15 tertiary indicators of "core facilities", "support facilities" and "facility use", and carries out evaluation from different unit levels such as cities, urban areas and communities, focusing on different evaluation dimensions such as quantity, accessibility and density. The index also pays special attention to the indicators that reflect the actual use effect of facilities, such as the sharing rate of community medical facilities, the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage, the sewage treatment rate, and the urban congestion index, and expands the research content of the traditional facility index, which can comprehensively measure the level of various types of facilities related to urban health.
"In terms of data methods, in addition to conventional government statistics and survey data, the focus is on the integration of social big data, especially the application of Internet map POI (point of interest) data." Li Dong said that the POI data means that the facility is more easily retrieved, accessed and used by users, and the large sample size evaluation and analysis of the actual available facilities is realized.
The level of urban health facilities varies significantly in different regions
The report shows that Shenzhen ranks first in terms of the ranking of the urban health facilities index. Hangzhou, Jinhua, Ordos and Ningbo ranked 2nd-5th, while Kunming, Zhuhai, Chengdu, Nanjing and Yinchuan ranked 6th-10th.
"The leading cities in the urban health facility index are mainly central cities and eastern coastal cities." Li Dong said that some prefecture-level cities have performed well, such as Jinhua, Ordos and Zhuhai, which ranked in the top ten.
Overall, there are significant differences in the level of health facilities between cities of different regions, economic levels and sizes across the country. Central cities and eastern coastal cities are relatively leading; the health facilities of each city are basically consistent with the trend of their economic development level; the level of urban health facilities of different population sizes shows a "two-order" distribution, and the advantages of large cities with a population of more than 3 million are obvious.
From the perspective of secondary indicators, the characteristics of core facilities, support facilities and facilities are different. Central cities have superior supply levels of core facilities such as medical care, sports, and pensions; southeast coastal cities are at a leading level in support facilities such as green travel, public toilets, and emergency shelters, while there is a shortage in the northeast and central and western regions; most cities in the country are better in terms of community medical use sharing rate, garbage and sewage treatment and other facilities, but the northeast and western regions are relatively backward.
It is worth noting that there is a problem of obvious deficiencies in some of the current health facilities. For example, the supply of facilities such as pension, psychological counseling, and emergency shelter in most cities across the country is insufficient, the number of football stadiums has a huge gap with the national planning and construction goals, and the use rate of community medical care is low. For the northeast and the central and western regions, most cities have a large gap in indicators such as pensions, sports and fitness, psychological consultation, buses, and public toilets, and the capacity of community medical services needs to be improved urgently. For cities in the Yangtze River Delta, we should pay attention to the shortcomings of the number of per capita medical and health facilities and the accessibility of community health facilities.
The research group called on local governments to pay more attention to the actual availability level of health facilities, in view of the outstanding shortcomings at present, focus on improving the problems of old-age care, emergency shelter, public toilets, community medical facilities and their utilization rates according to local conditions, and respond to the public's demand for the increasing service level of health facilities.
Build a more livable, resilient and safe healthy urban space
"As an 'organic living organism', the city has a direct impact on public health through planning, construction and management such as land use, transportation guidance, facility layout and community shaping." Liang Wannian, dean of the Institute of Healthy China of Tsinghua University and executive vice dean of the Vanke School of Public Health and Health of Tsinghua University, said that incorporating health elements into urban and regional planning, building a more livable, resilient and safe healthy urban space, and achieving the healthy and coordinated development of people's health and economy and society have become a proposition of the times that must be answered well.
Wang Yu, outstanding visiting professor of the Vanke School of Public Health and Health of Tsinghua University and deputy director of the Healthy City Research Center, pointed out that in the new stage of development, we must adhere to the people-centered new urbanization road, to increase people's well-being as the fundamental goal of urban governance, urban planning should change from "seeing things and not seeing people" to focusing on people's living conditions, living conditions, and development status as the core, and comprehensively improving people's physical and mental qualities and quality of life as the fundamental purpose, "to achieve such a high-quality development state, Scientific research and innovation is an indispensable supporting force. (Reporter Wang Meihua)
People's Daily Overseas Edition ( October 26, 2021, 09th edition)