Chicken tissue trichomoniasis, also known as cecal hepatitis, blackhead disease, is a kind of protozoa disease caused by the proteopathy of the chicken tissue trichomoniasis parasitizes the cecum and liver of chickens, with black head and neck congestion, irregular necrosis of the liver, inflamed cecal, presenting one or two-sided swelling, and embolus-like lesions in the intestinal lumen.
1 Onset of illness
A large-scale broiler farm in Xingbin District, a "company + farmer", adopts the ground stocking mode under the forest, the existing column of 125-day-old commercial broiler chickens 8,500, the site health management conditions are poor, there are more leaves of rotten trees, the chicken flock is crowded, the density is slightly larger, the chicken coop and the sports field feces cannot be cleaned up in time, there is more dirt, and the light under the forest is insufficient. According to the company's regulations to do a good job in the immunization of avian influenza, Newcastle disease, poultry failure and other vaccines, at the end of March 2020, the chickens began to appear light yellow and light green thin feces more, individual brown, bloody feces, sporadic chicken deaths, farmers according to the company's requirements to feed florfenicol, compound sulfamethoxazole powder and other treatment, did not see obvious results, in early April began to increase the number of deaths, so it caused attention, requiring the author to go to diagnosis.
2 Clinical symptoms
When I went to the chicken farm, I saw that the sick chicken was mentally weak, the feathers were loose, the sleepiness was lying on the ground, the wings were drooping, and the skin on the face, crown and hair of some sick or sick chickens became purple-blue or black, showing a "black head" (Figure 1). Sick chicken diarrhea, the initial discharge of pale yellow or golden yellow, sulfur color thin feces (Figure 2), individually pulled light green with foamy thin feces, heavy discharge of brown foul-smelling thin feces, feces with blood and necrotic tissue fragments. The elderly died of anemia, emaciation, and exhaustion.
3 Autopsy lesions
Autopsy examination of sick and sick chickens and seriously ill a total of 6, see liver enlargement, purple-brown, the surface of the scattered size of different sizes, round, button-shaped, elm-shaped and other irregular necrosis foci, gray-white or pale yellow (Figure 3), see its center slightly sunken, slightly raised edges, crater-like, and the surrounding tissues are clearly demarcated by pale yellow or gray-green necrosis foci (Fig. 4), see about 1 to 2 cm in diameter, fused into a flaky necrotic foci (Figure 5). One or both sides of the cecum are enlarged, sausage-like in appearance, firm, hard to the touch (Figure 6), hemorrhagic inflammation, hypertrophic necrosis of the intestinal wall, ulceration, filling the intestinal lumen with a large amount of blood or cheese-like coagulation embolus, the embolic section of the embolus is concentric (Figure 7), the center of which is a black-red coagulant mass, and the outer layer is an embolism of gray-white or yellowish necrotic or exudate (Figure 8).
4 Laboratory diagnosis
Take two chickens with typical clinical symptoms and return to the laboratory for autopsy, sterilely collect the appropriate amount of mucus and feces on the surface of liver tissue and cecum with typical lesions, add dilution in normal saline at about 35 °C, take a small amount and place it on a glass slide, and microscopically detect a large number of oval or cone-shaped insect bodies with flagella at one end, showing rhythmic pendulum movement.
According to the incidence, clinical symptoms, autopsy lesions and laboratory microscopy, the initial diagnosis of this disease is chicken tissue trichomoniasis.
5 Prevention and control measures
1) Strengthen feeding management. Immediately remove the manure and bedding from the shed, and carry out accumulation and fermentation treatment to kill the eggs, keep the chicken coop clean, dry and well ventilated, and thoroughly clean up the debris and rotten tree leaves under the sports field and eucalyptus forest. According to the epidemic history of histidal trichomoniasis, the vector heteroenchymal nematode is controlled to prevent the invasion of heteroethra nematodes into chickens, and the albendazole ivermectin premix is regularly used to drive out heteroetic nematodes in the cecum. After thorough disinfection of the woods and surrounding environment, sprinkle quicklime on the ground to kill earthworms.
2) Therapeutic measures. Mix metronidazole into the feed, press 250mg/kg feed, or add 20% demecidazole master mix, press 2.5g/kg feed, use for 5 days, stop the drug for 3d and then use for 5d, and add liver and gallbladder granules to the drinking water, press 1g/L drinking water, and use for 3 to 5 days. Heavy patients, those with loss of appetite are filled with metronidazole tablets, according to 30mg /kg ·bw, continuous use for 2 to 3 days. To prevent secondary infection, add whitehead powder to the feed, the dosage is 2 to 3 g / feather, 10% florfenicol powder, the dosage is 0.3 g / kg ·bw, and the use is 3d. On the basis of the use of drug prevention treatment, add in every 1 L of drinking water: VK3 30mg to prevent cecum bleeding; VAD3E powder 1,000mg to promote the recovery of tissues in the cecum and liver; VC 100mg to promote the absorption function of the intestine, restore or promote the digestive function of chickens, enhance the body's disease resistance and defense function, and accelerate the recovery of function.
After the above prevention and control measures, after 5 days of medication, no new cases and deaths were seen, and a relatively satisfactory treatment effect was achieved.
6 Summary and discussion
1) According to the incidence, clinical symptoms, changes in autopsy, laboratory microscopy and medication effect, the disease can be diagnosed as chicken tissue trichomoniasis. Usually, the diagnosis should pay attention to chicken coccidiosis (with similar mental atrophy, loss of appetite, wings sagging, loose feathers, diarrhea, red or coffee-colored stools, enteritis, swollen cecum, wall thickening, contents mixed with blood-like cheese-like, emaciated, etc.), chicken heteroethornococcosis (with similar digestive system dysfunction, loose stools, enteritis, red loose stools), chicken necrotic enteritis (with similar mental depression, diet or waste food, rough feathers, digestive tract symptoms, pulling bloody stools, black and brown loose stool mixed with blood, etc.), Chicken cholera (with similar crown, purple-black flesh, gastrointestinal symptoms, loose stool, enteritis, red stool, liver necrosis, etc.), chicken Arizona disease (similar lack of energy, diet, loose feathers, sagging wings, diarrhea, yellow-green stool sometimes with blood, and peritonitis caused by peritonitis when the cecum is perforated, and the cecum has caseomorphic intestinal reels, etc.), chicken paratyphoid fever (with similar mental weakness, loose feathers, sagging wings, closed eyes, anorexia, enteritis, cecum with embolus, etc.), Differential diagnosis of chicken six whip protozoal disease (similar mental atrophy, wings drooping, chills, piling, gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhea, enteritis, pale yellow or yellow stool, etc.).
2) The occurrence of this disease is related to the transmission of the vector earthworm and heteroethystia, which is an important vector for the transmission of trichomoniasis, and chickens often peck at earthworms containing heteroliadiasis eggs and are susceptible to infection. Therefore, it is recommended that when raising chickens on the wood ground, strengthen feeding management, control transmission routes and vectors, timely clean up feces and carry out accumulation heat fermentation treatment to kill insect eggs, regularly drive away heteronelian worms and prevent chickens from pecking at earthworms, etc., which is an important measure to effectively prevent and control chicken tissue trichomoniasis.
3) Because trichomoniasis is easy to cause liver bleeding, ulceration, necrosis, appropriate coordination with hepatobiliary granules, liver protection choleretic, conducive to liver repair. It is also easy to cause inflammation, injury, bleeding or necrosis of the cecum, so the selection of therapeutic drugs should be appropriately combined with the use of hemostatic drugs VK3 to enhance blood clotting ability to reduce bleeding. When acute and chronic diseases occur in chickens, due to the increase in the consumption of VC, it is necessary to supplement VC or multivitamins appropriately to increase the body's disease resistance. █
Source: China Animal Health
Author: Hou Xuan, Wen Junling, etc