"Hum-hum-..."Snap"! Mosquitoes humming melodious little songs are slapped by you, in addition to your pride, do you think that small mosquitoes can also spread a parasitic disease - malaria what, what is malaria? Today, Xiaobian will talk about how to prevent mosquitoes and malaria.
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of anopheles females, characterized by periodic chills, fever, sweating and fever, and signs of anemia and splenomegaly, the pathogen of which is malaria parasite. There are four main species of plasmodium parasitizing humans, namely Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium ovale, which cause Vivax, Falciparum malaria, three-day malaria and ovate malaria, respectively.
There are 61 species of Anopheles mosquitoes in China, and 9 species can transmit malaria, of which Anopheles sinensis, anopheles anopheles, micro Anopheles mosquitoes, and anopheles major are the main vectors for malaria transmission in China. The Qingdao area is a single area endemic to Anopheles anopheles, and the only vector is Anopheles anopheles.
How do small mosquitoes spread malaria after they have eaten and drunk enough?
When female Anopheles mosquitoes sting the blood of malaria patients or insect carriers, the protozoa developed in red blood cells enter the mosquito stomach with the blood, but only the female and male gametophytes continue to develop in the mosquito stomach, eventually forming tens of thousands of sporozoites. When this mosquito sucks human blood again, the sporozoites will enter the human body with the saliva of the mosquito and begin to develop in the human body, causing a series of symptoms such as chills, fever, sweating and fever, and signs such as anemia and splenomegaly.
Under the most appropriate conditions, the time required for Plasmodium malariae to mature in Anopheles mosquitoes is 9-10 days for Plasmodium Vivax, 10-12 days for Plasmodium falciparum, 25-28 days for Plasmodium trinidae and about 16 days for Plasmodium ovoid.
The role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria is closely related to some of their biological characteristics, such as biting habits, including bite frequency and bloodlust habits; sensitivity to malaria parasites; population numbers and anopheles lifespans.
Where are the small mosquitoes that spread malaria in qingdao hiding?
Anopheles p. chinensis is widely distributed, sucking both human and animal blood. In China, south of 27 ° north latitude, there are activities throughout the year; at 28 ° ~ 33 ° north latitude, the winter is semi-wintering; north of 33 ° north latitude, the winter is in a complete overwintering state. Qingdao is located at latitude 35° 35 ′ ~ 37 ° 09 ′ N, and Anopheles anopheles china is in a completely overwintering state in winter, and malaria is not transmitted until May to October. Anopheles sinensis has a wide range of adaptations to the breeding environment, and the main breeding site is the rice field and its irrigation system. Ponds, puddles, reed ponds, swamps, depressions and other water are also good hiding places.
What are some tips to prevent mosquitoes from spreading malaria?
01 Cut off the transmission route and completely eliminate Anopheles mosquitoes
In addition to the large-scale application of mosquito repellents, mosquito control measures are more important to eradicate the breeding grounds of mosquitoes. The main measures are to do a good job in environmental sanitation, including the removal of stagnant water, the reform of the rice field irrigation method, the development of ponds and rice field fish farming, and the regular spraying of mosquito repellent indoors and livestock sheds.
02 Do a good job of personal protection
In the mosquito season, do not sleep outdoors, hang mosquito nets when sleeping; use mosquito repellent and anti-mosquito equipment when going out during the day, and apply mosquito repellent ointment to the bare part of the body to avoid mosquito bites.
Don't be afraid of malaria, do "three early"
Malaria is a curable infectious disease, there are already many efficient antimalarial drugs in the treatment, as long as the patient actively cooperates, so that early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, you can recover early. Otherwise, it is easy to cause delays in the condition, leading to the occurrence of severe cases and deaths. In addition, after the cured cases of vivax malaria and ovate malaria, anti-relapse therapy should be carried out in the second year to completely kill the dormant of the endohepatic stage malaria parasite and prevent recurrence.
Master these secrets, anti-mosquito and anti-malaria from now on!
【Source: Qingdao Disease Control】
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