Guo Degang led the Deyun Society to create the Xiangsheng Empire and created the Crosstalk Legend, and he and his tacit acquaintance Yu Qianfeng were in the same boat for more than 20 years, which was also rumored to be a good story. Guo Degang once said: "I am willing to talk to Brother Qian until I am old." "What is the charm of crosstalk that makes him willing to use his life to inherit?" Today, Wen Shijun and everyone will review the history of cross-talk.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >, ancient haiyou - gave birth to the root "teasing" of crosstalk</h1>
The original gene of cross-talk comes from the ancient Haiyou, which was an ancient name for comic artists, originally for the entertainment of aristocratic rulers. There is a story about an artist in the "History of Funny Column": an artist named You Meng has sharp teeth and active thinking, and often makes King Chu Zhuang happy. King Zhuang of Chu had a very fond horse, and he dressed the horse in the most gorgeous clothes, let it live in a house with carved beams and paintings, and fed it with the best food. The horse died of obesity because of a long period of inactivity. The king of Chuzhuang actually asked his courtiers to handle the funeral for Ma according to the doctor's specifications. The courtiers dissuaded King Zhuang of Chu one after another, but king Zhuang not only did not listen, but also ordered that those who came to advise him should be executed. After Youmeng heard about this, he went to see king Chu Zhuang and cried bitterly as soon as he entered the main hall.
Umon image
King Zhuang asked him in surprise, why are you crying? Youmeng said that this was the king's most cherished horse, and how could it be enough to bury him with the gift of the doctor? Ask the king to bury it according to the monarch's rites. In this way, all countries knew that the Mabi people were valued by the king. King Chu Zhuang listened to it without sighing, and I was so confused that I was so confused. Isn't this to make the world laugh? So he asked his subordinates to dispose of the horse properly. This can be regarded as an earlier record of "funny artists".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > Second, Han Dynasty mingzui - the "saying" that helps crosstalk</h1>
The Book of Han records a famous scholar, Dongfang Shuo. He was a famous courtier of Emperor Wudi of Han, and during his tenure, he often talked and laughed in front of Emperor Wudi of Han, and was deeply loved by Emperor Wudi of Han.
According to records, when Dongfang Shuo was a regular waiter, Emperor Wu of Han rewarded the attendants with meat, but the official responsible for dividing the meat was delayed. Dongfang Shuo cut the meat himself and brought it home. Later, officials reported the matter to Emperor Wu of Han. Emperor Wu of Han asked Dongfang Shuo, "Yesterday, when you ate meat, why didn't you wait for the officials to divide the meat and make a decision privately?" Dongfang Shuo immediately pleaded with the emperor, and Emperor Wu of Han said, "Then you should stand up and reflect on your own mistakes." Dongfang Shuo replied, "Dongfang Shuo, Dongfang Shuo, what an unreasonable act it is to cut flesh without you obeying orders!" You don't cut much flesh, and how incorruptible you are! How benevolent you are to send the cut meat home to your wife to eat! After hearing this, Emperor Wudi of Han smiled and said to him: "You are you, let you reflect on your mistakes, but you have praised yourself." "When he was happy, he gave Dongfang Shuo some meat and wine and asked him to take it home and give it to his wife."
"Great Han Tianzi" Dongfang Shuo
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" >3, Sui Dynasty jokes - the performance theme that helps crosstalk</h1>
There is a joke in the Sui Dynasty that has similar factors to the cross-talk "Riddle of Lights". The Joke of the Sui Dynasty is that Emperor Gaozu of Northern Qi often entertained his courtiers, and at the banquet, Gaozu and his courtiers played a game of archery and guessing, and Gaozu's passive barrel (stone moving barrel, the famous royal drama) was shot. Gao Zu asked what it was, and the mover replied that it was pancakes. Gao Zu let the barrel shoot a puzzle himself, but did not shoot. Gao Zu asked what the answer was, and the answer was still pancakes. Gao Zu cried and laughed: "How is it still a pancake?" The mover said, "I spread another pancake while everyone's bells were still hot." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" >4. Tang Dynasty military drama - the expression of helping cross-talk</h1>
The performance method of joining the military drama is very similar to the current counterpart cross-talk. In the Tang Dynasty, the military drama was mainly played by two people, the army and Cangwu, and the main was comical irony. The "YouYu" records that Li Keji performed the very famous military drama "Three Teachings on Balance".
Join the military drama
Li Keji is known for his funny, quick thinking, and is a rare talent. Once, when Li Keji performed a military drama, he dressed in Confucian clothes, sat in the middle of the crowd, and began a performance of the three religions on balance. At this time, a person sitting in the corner asked, "Since you said that you know the three religions very well." So I ask you, who is Shakyamuni? Keji replied, "It's a woman." The questioner was astonished: "How can this be?" "It is recorded in the Diamond Sutra that if you are not a woman, why bother your husband to sit after he has taken his seat?" The man asked, "Who is Taishang Laojun?" Keji replied, "Also a woman." He then explains: "The Tao Te Ching says, 'I have a great trouble, I have a body, and I have no body, and I have no body, what trouble do I have?' If I am not a woman, how can I get pregnant?" The emperor was very happy to hear this. He also asked, "Who is King Wenxuan?" Keji replied, "Still a woman." "How do you know?" It can be said: "The Analects have a saying, 'Gu Zhi Zhao, Gu Zhi Zhao, I treat Jia also', if not a woman, why should she marry?" "This military drama was widely circulated and deeply loved by the emperor.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" >5, the Song Dynasty called fruit - to help the "learning" of crosstalk</h1>
The Song Dynasty was full of dramas and grandeur. Among them, "called fruit" is more similar to "learning" in crosstalk. Calling the fruit is simulating sound. It is recorded in the "Tokyo Dream Record": "Music is not done, jiying hall mountain upstairs to teach the music of the people to imitate the sound of hundreds of birds, solemn inside and outside, stop smelling mid-air and singing, ruoluan phoenix xiang set." "Learning the birds' calls has reached such a realistic level. There is also a lesson of "learning" in crosstalk. For example, the famous cross-talk performance artist Hou Baolin's "Change of Course", the noise of the simulated downtown is very realistic, often attracting continuous applause from the audience.
Song Dynasty "Call the Fruit" performance
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" >6, mid-to-late Qing Dynasty - the cocoon of crosstalk</h1>
The ancestors of the cross-talk industry, Zhang Sanlu and Zhu Shaowen, completed the separation of cross-talk from the art of music during this period, making cross-talk truly an independent art. After completing thousands of years of accumulation and precipitation, Zhang Sanlu took the lead in innovation and finishing. Legend has it that Zhang Sanlu was originally an octagonal drum artist in Beijing, proficient in ventriloquism, juggling and other skills. According to Yun Tourist (that is, Mr. Lian Kuoru, a famous storyteller and performance artist), "The famous clown of the octagonal drum is Zhang Sanlu, whose art is superb, who is superior to others, who grasps the limit on the spot, sees the scenery, adapts to changes, does not need to die, and is quite popular with people from all walks of life." Later, because of his strange temperament, it was not easy to take the shift, and he was ostracized by others, and he was angry and angry. When it is on the ground, it is performed with the four major skills of speaking, learning, teasing and singing, and people who wander around are willing to listen to his play. Zhang Sanlu was reluctant to speak of octagonal drums and called his art cross-talk. Zhu Shaowen inherited his career and made the art of cross-talk more vivid.
Scene of a cross-talk performance in the Qing Dynasty
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" > Wen Shijun said</h1>
Cross-talk is an art that combines the characteristics of gameplay, mockery, popularity, elegance, and sociality. As an art that originates from life but is higher than life, the creative material of cross-talk comes from ordinary life and has a great social role, which can reflect the changes in real social life in real time. Cross-talk artists sublimate the social phenomena he see through artistic techniques, exaggerated and absurd to the audience, which is thought-provoking and thought-provoking. Xiangsheng is a traditional Chinese art, and inheriting and carrying forward xiangsheng can inherit the Chinese context and carry forward excellent traditional concepts, which has a great impact on the development of society in the new era.
Now Boss Guo is leading the Deyun Society to stand out and break through in modern pop art. However, we must clearly understand that it is not crosstalk that is on fire, but only that Mr. Guo Degang is on fire. Crosstalk is still in a position that we need to carry forward and inherit. As a part of China's excellent traditional music art, cross-talk has a unique charm, which is worth learning, studying and carrying forward.
bibliography
(Han) Sima Qian: "History and Funny Biography", Zhonghua Bookstore, 1959 edition.
(Eastern Han) Ban Gu: "Hanshu Oriental Shuo Biography", Zhonghua Bookstore, 1962 edition.
(Tang) Li Baiyao, Northern Qi Shu Wei Jing Biography, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1972 edition.
Ni Zhongzhi: The History of Chinese Cross-Talk, Wuhan University Press, 2015.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Henan Normal University Spring and Autumn Society)
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