Liu Hui in the Three Kingdoms period laid the foundation of ancient Chinese mathematics and was the first to propose the correct algorithm for pi. Zu Chongzhi of the Southern Dynasty, after Liu Hui, accurately calculated pi to the seventh decimal place, nearly a thousand years before Europe.
Jia Sixun, an agronomist of the Northern Dynasty, wrote the book "Qi Min Zhi Shu", which summed up the production experience of the working people in northern China and introduced the production methods of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery, which is the first complete agricultural book in China and an excellent work in the history of world agronomy.
The Northern Wei geographer Li Daoyuan wrote a book called Notes on the Water Classics. The "Notes on Water Classics" is mainly based on the national waterway system, and details the mountains, towns, products, mineral deposits, folklore, and historical events in the areas where rivers and rivers flow.
The Western Jin Dynasty physician Wang Shuhe authored the "Pulse Classic", which is the first surviving monograph on pulse science in China. Ge Hong, an alchemist and physician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote the medical book "Elbow Reserve Emergency Formula", which was later supplemented by the Southern Dynasty medical scientist Tao Hongjing and was more complete.
During the Three Kingdoms, Jin, and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism became popular with the support of rulers such as Emperor Wu of Liang. Buddhism was very powerful politically and economically, and the architecture and grotto art related to Buddhism also developed rapidly. The prevalence of Buddhism cannot relieve the people of suffering, but on the contrary, it increases the burden on the people. As a result, anti-Buddhist voices began to appear, the most famous of which was the atheist Fan Zhen of Qi and Liang. His book Theosophical Annihilation exposed the use of Buddhism by the ruling class to deceive and systematically expounded atheistic ideas.
The Three Kingdoms, Two Jin Dynasties, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties period was a period of development in the history of Chinese poetry. Represented by Cao Cao's father and son and the seven sons of Jian'an, he created a large number of immortal Han Dynasty Lefu poems; pastoral poems represented by Tao Yuanming. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, folk songs were popular, and the representative works were the Xianbei people's "Song of Shule" and "Mulan Ci".
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, calligraphy gradually became an art, and the representative figures were Zhong Xuan in the Cao Wei period and Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who was known as the "Book Sage". During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the calligraphy of "Wei Stele" was engraved
The prevalence of Buddhist culture has made religious paintings occupy a major position in painting. During this period, landscape painting began to take shape. The facsimiles handed down by the Eastern Jin Dynasty painter Gu Kaizhi include the Female Shi ZhenTu and the Luoshen Futu.
Southern and Northern Dynasties period. In order to promote Buddhism, the ruling class has seen the emergence of a carved grotto culture, the most famous of which are the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes are the treasure houses of China's carving art and have attracted the attention of the world.