During the difficult revolutionary years, the newborn Party also experienced many twists and turns, especially after the Kuomintang betrayed the revolution and hunted down Communists everywhere, which also brought more difficulties to the revolution.
The "Sixth Congress" of the Party is rather special, it was not held in China, but in Moscow, and there have been many controversies about who is the main leader of the central work after the "Sixth Congress".
In fact, before Chairman Mao held great power, there were also great twists and turns in the aspect of leaders, and the dust finally settled after the Zunyi Conference.
Then, who are the leaders who actually presided over the work of the central authorities after the Sixth And Seventh National Congresses?
after < h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the "Big Six", the leaders changed repeatedly</h1>
The "Sixth Congress" was held from June 18 to July 11, 1928 in a village on the outskirts of Moscow, and the reason why it was chosen was because Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei and others betrayed the revolution, and China was generally in the "White Terror" period.
After the nascent Communist Party entered the revolution, the focus of attention was not development, but survival.
Therefore, in order for everyone to get together for a meeting, it was necessary to find a place that was safe enough, and the Communist Revolution at that time was also guided by the Communist International of the Soviet Union, and going to the Soviet Union became an important choice.
A total of 142 delegates attended the Congress, 84 with the right to vote.
At that time, Qu Qiubai was mainly responsible for making political reports, Premier Zhou was in charge of military reports and organizational reports, and Li Lisan also made reports on the peasant issue.
After nearly a month of analysis, the congress also summed up the reasons, which were inseparable from the political and economic situation in China at that time, China was still in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and if it wanted to win the victory of the revolution, it was ultimately necessary to have a group of strong troops of its own and strengthen the military struggle before it had the opportunity to reverse the situation.
Several heads of the Eastern Department of the Communist International also directed the congress, and soon after the First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held, a new Central Committee was elected, and a total of 7 people were elected in addition to the politburo organization, who were the core force of the party at that time.
Among them were Su Zhaozheng, Xiang Ying, Xiang Zhongfa, Cai hesen and others, all of whom belonged to important figures in modern history.
However, the initial level of Xiang Zhongfa's ideology and education was relatively low, and his work level was not as good as others, so there was no way to be competent for the party's overall work, so it did not play a practical role.
Thus, the central leadership was held by Tsai Hesen, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, who later had to leave the leadership post due to asthma attacks and was eventually transferred to the Comintern in the late 1920s.
Subsequently, Cai hesen's work was filled by Li Lisan, who was already the most core leader of the CCP at that time, while Premier Zhou remained in the Comintern for meetings and had not yet returned to China.
Li Lisan was also a staunch supporter of Chairman Mao, and during that period, he explicitly supported Chairman Mao's leadership position in the former committee of the Red Fourth Army, which played a positive role in the convening of the Gutian Conference.
Through everyone's hard work, the revolutionary situation has also improved markedly, but everyone has made it clear that the situation of "the enemy is strong and we are weak" has not changed, and the revolutionary climax has not yet come.
After Premier Zhou returned to China, whether from the perspective of prestige or seniority, Premier Zhou's condition lay after Li Lisan, and it was only natural that Premier Zhou would become the presiding officer of the daily work of the central authorities after returning to China.
Therefore, during this period, premier Zhou has been presiding over the daily work of the central government and has become a "number one".
Not long after, in early March 1930, Premier Zhou was assigned by the Central Committee to go to Moscow to report on his work, and after Premier Zhou left again, the work of the Central Committee fell back into the hands of Li Lisan.
In early August, Premier Zhou and Qu Qiubai returned to China to implement the International July resolution, and the revolution was back on track.
At the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Li Lisan retired from his leadership position.
At the request of the Comintern, Li Lisan went to Moscow and remained in the Soviet Union ever since.
After Li Lisan, it was Wang Ming.
In January 1931, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held, and Wang Ming was co-opted as a member of the Politburo, and with the support of Mif, the head of the Comintern, he began to grasp the real power of the central government.
In 1934, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Bogu was again elected as the general manager.
At this time, the Red Army began the Long March, and at this time, a hero stood up.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Zunyi Conference, the revolutionary line finally became the bright road</h1>
Since the founding of the Communist Party, many people have changed the number of "general responsible" candidates, and many of them are also trying to find a path that is truly suitable for the Chinese revolution.
How Marxism-Leninism integrates with the specific revolutionary situation in China has become a major problem facing the Communists.
On the road of the Long March, Chairman Mao repeatedly expressed his views on the revolutionary situation, and together with the concrete experience of countless previous times, chairman Mao chose the correct path.
In January 1935, the meeting that decided the fate of the party was held, known in history as the Zunyi Conference.
At this meeting, Chairman Mao was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and a military leading group was formed with Premier Zhou and Wang Jiaxiang, and Chairman Mao's irreplaceable position in the Red Army was finally determined.
Premier Zhou had always trusted Chairman Mao very much, so he also took the initiative to ask for assistance to Chairman Mao in making policy decisions, which was definitely beneficial at that time.
Because according to organizational principles, the CCP is a branch of the Soviet Comintern and needs to accept leadership, and if a specific leader is to be determined, it must be recognized by the Comintern, and Wang Ming and others have been able to go so high before, without exception, the power given by the Comintern.
Before the Zunyi meeting, Chairman Mao was only a member of the Politburo, not a member of the Standing Committee, and his speech was lighter than that of Premier Zhou.
Fortunately, Premier Zhou and others supported Chairman Mao in time and let the correct thinking begin to guide the revolution.
Chairman Mao had never been abroad, nor did he understand the specific situation of the Soviet Comintern, and the attitude of the Comintern toward Chairman Mao had not changed.
Chairman Mao naturally took this into account, and when Wang Jiaxiang, Zhang Wentian, and other major leaders repeatedly elected Chairman Mao to the post of general responsibility, Chairman Mao still insisted that Zhang Wentian, who had a background in the Communist International, be appointed as the "general responsibility."
Therefore, more than a month after the Zunyi Conference, Zhang Wentian began to preside over the party's work in an all-round way, while Chairman Mao was the commander-in-chief of the military field, and Premier Zhou and Wang Jiaxiang respected Chairman Mao's opinions very much.
In the war years, military command already represented everything in a sense.
It can be said that the ostensible general responsibility is Zhang Wentian, but in fact the overall responsibility is Chairman Mao.
In the years after the Arrival of the Red Army in Yan'an, the all-out War of Resistance broke out, at which time the Kuomintang and the Communist Party once again proposed cooperation, and the revolutionary situation once again underwent a tremendous change.
In March 1938, Ren Bishi went to the Soviet Union with the entrustment of the Central Committee to report to the Comintern, expressing the current situation of the War of Resistance in China and the current work of the CCP.
A few months later, Wang Jiaxiang returned home with instructions from the Comintern, which held that the CCP's path had been correct over the past year.
This also means that the Comintern recognized Chairman Mao, who can already assume the overall responsibility of the CCP, so during the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Zhang Wentian once again proposed at the meeting that Chairman Mao should be elected.
However, after careful consideration, Chairman Mao still did not agree to Zhang Wentian's request and let Zhang Wentian continue this management model, but Zhang Wentian felt that the time was ripe and took the initiative to hand over all the power in his hands to Chairman Mao.
However, Chairman Mao is a typical type of "person who achieves big things without being informal", who only cares about big things and is not very interested in the trivial work of daily life, so these are still handled by Zhang Wentian, the Central Secretariat Bureau is also following Zhang Wentian, and various meetings are still presided over by Zhang Wentian.
It seems that the "general responsibility" is still Zhang Wentian, but in fact, chairman Mao has long been Chairman Mao.
At that time, the documents and telegrams issued by the Central Committee to the outside world were signed as "Mao Luo", this "Mao" was Chairman Mao, and "Luo" was Zhang Wentian.
By 1943, there were some major changes in the central government, which required streamlining and restructuring of the organization.
To this end, the Politburo of the Central Committee has specially issued a stipulation that the election of Chairman Mao to the post of chairman, whether in the political, military or ideological fields, as long as the matter is of great importance, must be discussed at the Politburo meeting before it can be adopted.
The daily office of the Politburo is the Secretariat, which is composed of Chairman Mao, Liu Shaoqi, and Ren Bishi, and at this time, Zhang Wentian has calmly withdrawn from the Secretariat, which is a manifestation of his high style and bright festival, and he feels that important posts should be ceded to more capable people.
From this time on, at the organizational level, Chairman Mao had officially become the "general responsibility."
As the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression drew to a close, from April 23 to June 11, 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Yangjialing, Yan'an, with a total of 547 cadres attending the congress, and there were already 1.21 million party members in the whole party at that time.
The Constitution of the Seventh Party Congress also pointed out that Chairman Mao Thought is the guiding ideology of the Party and should be written into the Party Constitution, which can also be said to be an important historical contribution of the Seven Congresses.
For the first time, the Congress also elected a new member of the Central Committee by secret ballot.
This was an important congress during the revolution, summing up the difficult development history of the past twenty years or so, formulating the correct line led by Chairman Mao, and enabling the whole party to achieve a high degree of unity.
Moreover, the Seventh National Congress revised the Party Constitution and for the first time created the post of Chairman of the Central Committee, and Chairman Mao's leading position in the whole Party and the whole army was fully established, both organizationally and ideologically.
This also laid an important foundation for the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the new democratic revolution in the future, and during this period, it was also inseparable from the contributions of Premier Zhou, Zhang Wentian and many others.