Recently, Tang Min, counselor of the State Council, said that China's Gini coefficient ranks high in the world and the income gap is high. There are many comments under this topic, the message style is like this, is it familiar to look at?
About these people who leave messages and likes are misunderstandings about the Gini coefficient, and feel that no matter what, as long as it is high, as long as it is high, as long as it is high, it is liked.
It seems that it is necessary to popularize the basic common sense about the Gini coefficient.
The Gini coefficient refers to the commonly used international indicator to measure the income gap between residents in a country or region.
The Gini coefficient is maximum "1" and the minimum is equal to "0". The closer the Gini coefficient is to 0, the more equal the distribution of income is. Organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme stipulate that if it is lower than 0.2, it means that the index grade is extremely low (high average), 0.2-0.29 indicates that the index grade is low (comparative average); 0.3-0.39 indicates that the index scale is relatively reasonable; 0.4-0.59 indicates that the index grade is high (the gap is larger); and above 0.6 means that the index grade is extremely high (the gap is very large).
Of these, 0.4 is often seen as a warning line for income gap distribution. If this warning line is exceeded, it means that the income gap is large or even too large, which may cause a series of serious social problems due to uneven income distribution.
It can be seen that the Gini coefficient is one thing that is contrary to the usual thinking of many of us, not that the larger the number, the better. On the contrary, the larger the more likely it is to be a problem. Those who praise the high Gini coefficient in our country are because they do not understand the Gini coefficient, so they fall into the misunderstanding and make jokes.
Back to the Gini coefficient, Gini is a transliteration word in Chinese, and the Gini coefficient is Gini index and Gini Coefficient in English, so what does this Gini mean in English?
Originally, the Gini coefficient was first proposed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912. Thus, the Gini coefficient is actually named after the scholars who came up with the concept. Similar to euclid theorem, Riemann geometry, And Fahrenheit's theorem in mathematics, Archimedes' principle, Ohm's law, Young-Mills equations, etc. in mathematics are all named after people.
There is also a concept of political economy, which needs to be popularized by the way, that is, the Engel coefficient, which should be understood, otherwise one day some experts say that our country's Engel coefficient ranks high in the world, and there must be people with hot heads to praise.
The Engel's Coefficient is the proportion of total food expenditure to total personal consumption expenditure.
In the 19th century, the German statistician Engel came up with a law on the change of consumption structure based on statistics: the less a family income, the greater the proportion of household income (or total expenditure) spent on food, and as the family income increases, the proportion of expenditure on food in household income (or total expenditure) will decrease. By extension, the poorer a country is, the greater the proportion of each citizen's average income (or average expenditure) spent on food, and this proportion declines as the country becomes richer.
According to the size of the Engel coefficient, the United Nations has a dividing criterion for the living standards of all countries in the world, that is, the average household Engel coefficient of a country greater than 60% is poor; 50% to 60% is subsistence; 40% to 50% is well-off; 30% to 40% is relatively rich; 20% to 30% is rich; and less than 20% is extremely rich.
Therefore, this Engel coefficient is a percentage, not the larger the percentage, the better, but the smaller the better, the larger means the poorer, and the smaller means the richer.
There are also people who have a big brain hole, and they think of bikini from Gini.
So, let's talk about bikinis. One might say, what is there to say about a bikini? Isn't it a women's swimsuit?
No, when it comes to saying this, it is wrong in understanding. Although the bikini is a women's swimsuit, not all women's swimsuits are called bikinis, and bikinis refer specifically to the bra-style tops and briefs swimsuit.
So, how did the name bikini come about? Of course, it is also transliterated. Bikini in English is bikini, so what does this bikini mean in English in the first place?
If I tell you that bikini in English was originally the name of a deserted island in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean, you might be surprised, how did the name of this deserted island change into the name of a swimsuit?
Here's a very interesting story.
Originally, women's swimwear was very conservative, almost "wear as much as you can", to wrap the whole body. But in July 1946, French designer Louis Reilde introduced a very bold swimsuit in Paris, using so little fabric that it could even fit in a matchbox. It can be said that the anomaly is "as much as you can wear", a swimsuit consisting of only three pieces of cloth and four straps, covering the body to a near minimum.
At the end of June 1946, shortly before the launch of this swimsuit, the United States exploded an atomic bomb on the island of Bikini in the Pacific Ocean. The explosion of the atomic bomb caused a sensation all over the world, and the name of the deserted island of Bikini became known to the world.
Louis Reald believes that the impact of this bottom-line clothing is tantamount to a nuclear explosion, so he named this swimsuit "bikini", it can be said that this swimsuit to the world to bring shock, is no less than the atomic bomb. As soon as this swimsuit was launched, it caused a sensation in society, and soon it was popular in Europe.
In this way, a deserted island and a women's swimsuit have a wonderful connection, sharing the same name.
After talking about bikinis, let's talk about Guinness.
I have not actually verified it, but I believe that the Guinness Book of World Records will most likely record the countries and regions with the highest Gini coefficients, and it is also likely to record swimsuits that use the least cloth. Guinness is to record all kinds of world records, which is common sense that almost everyone knows, but how did this Guinness come about?
It turned out that this was related to a brewery called Guinness.
As early as 1759, a man named Arthur Guinness built a brewery on St. James's Gate Street in Dublin, Ireland, to produce a kind of beer with rich foam, mellow taste and dark color, which is Guinness Dark Beer.
Later, Guinness Beer grew to a growing power, even becoming a multinational company and developing into London. Guinness beer is not only of good quality, but also well advertised. The influence is growing day by day, and the bar is full of drinkers who drink Guinness beer, which can be described as a cup of "Guinness" in hand, you have me and I have it all.
As soon as people drink too much, they love to brag and love to raise the bar, which is no different from ancient and modern China and abroad. While drinking "Guinness", the drinkers chatted about what is the biggest, what is the smallest, what is the fastest, what is the most... etcetera. But there is no basis for the argument, there is no evidence, no one agrees with anyone, and always wants to find a little definite evidence.
Someone got a business opportunity from this, and Sir Hugh Beaver, executive director of the Guinness Brewing Company in the United Kingdom, decided to publish a book dedicated to the "world's best". In 1954, Guinness World Records publishing company Guinness World Records was founded in London, England. On August 7, 1955, the Guinness Book of World Records was published, and as soon as it came out, it became a huge hit and became a top bestseller.
Since then, once people want to know the world's best, they think of checking the Guinness Book of World Records, and Guinness has become the most authoritative certification body in the world. From humans, to flora and fauna, from science to commerce, from art to sports, all kinds of the world's best can be found in Guinness.
The above, kini, bikini, Guinness, are all foreign words in Chinese. These foreign words, translated into Chinese, usually have three ways, namely transliteration, transliteration, transliteration and transliteration.
For example, the Italian city of Florence, Firenze, is a transliteration.
You may have read Xu Zhimo's poem "A Night of Emerald Green": I only wish that the sky would not be cloudy, and I could see the sky / The unchanging big star in the sky, that is you, / May you shine more light for me, across the night, / across the sky, through the spirit of love a little...
In fact, this emerald is Florence. I thought that emerald, although it was also a transliteration, was more meaningful than Florence, with emerald and cold, giving people many associations, but Florence had nothing. However, today there are uniform standards for the translation of foreign names such as personal names and geographical names, and it is not possible to translate whatever you want.
For example, "Phoenix" is a paraphrase word. Phoenix is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Arizona. But now we usually transliterate it as "Phoenix", which is the Phoenix where the NBA's Phoenix Suns are located.
Cambridge, for example, is a transliterated and synthographed place name. Cambridge, if fully transliterated, should be translated as "Cambridge". However, the word is translated in a combination of sound and meaning, bridge means bridge, and Cam is pronounced as "sword" in the Min Cantonese dialect. So translated as Cambridge. The Kangqiao in Xu Zhimo's "Farewell to Kangqiao" is actually Cambridge, which is also a translation of the combination of sound and meaning, but it is just a transliteration of Cam as "Kang".
In addition to place names, there are also personal names, as well as the names of other things, which also follow this translation.
The above bits and pieces are all cultural common sense. Of course, even common sense, because there are too many, is not necessarily known to everyone. Zi Yue: "To know is to know, not to know is not to know, is to know." "If you don't understand some issues, don't easily express your opinions, otherwise you will make jokes, even international jokes."
Don't say lightly, "I have no regrets in this life and will be a Chinese in the next life." "Hua" is "the beauty of the dress", and "Xia" is "the greatness of etiquette". In short, Huaxia is a place with a long history and a splendid culture, so what China needs is not a Chinese that forgets its ancestors.