The rapid development of transportation and the frequent exchange of international trade, so that there are few regions in the world that are not affected by alien species, China is deeply affected by invasive species, at present, China has 754 invasive species, including 265 species of plants, 171 species of animals, 26 species of fungi and microorganisms. The only thing that can cause large-scale environmental damage and give people a huge psychological blow and visual pollution is the American white moth.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the invasion of China by the American white moth</h1>
The American white moth, also known as the American lamp moth, belongs to the order Lepidoptera, lamp moth family. It is a world-renowned quarantine pest, native to North America, during World War II with military supplies across the sea to Spread to Europe, first discovered in Hungary in 1940, and then spread like wildfire to most of Europe except Northern Europe in the following decades. In 1945, the American white moth landed in Tokyo, Japan with military supplies, reached Asia for the first time, and then reached South Korea through the Korean War, all the way north into Korea, and in 1979, the American white moth appeared in the Dandong area of Liaoning Province and officially invaded China.
In the homeland of the American white moth, the American white moth has not caused obvious harm for a long time. The main reason is that there are more than 50 parasitic natural enemy insects, 34 predatory organisms and many microbial pathogens that effectively control it, but in China, the indigenous natural enemy this newly invasive pest cannot fully adapt and has little effect.
The American white moth has all the characteristics of invasive organisms, the first of which is that it can eat or not picky eaters. The American white moth's dietary habits are among the best in the entire insect class.
Their hosts include almost every broad-leaved tree shrub you can or can't see, flowers, crops, weeds, and even gymnosperms. There are 120 species of plants in the United States, more than 300 species in Japan, 234 species in Europe, 94 species in China alone in the Dandong region, and 636 species of American white moth hosts that have been recorded worldwide. Where the American white moth passes, it can be said that there are no leaves left; when it is severe, it is as if it has been burned by fire, so it is called "smokeless fire".
The reproductive ability of the American white moth is very terrible, breeding three generations a year, a female moth lays 800 to 2000 eggs at a time, and can breed 200 million larvae a year, the larvae of the American white moth will often "gang crime", the larvae of the American white moth before the age of 5 years old will weave a net between the branches, cover a large piece of leaves up "dinner", they concentrate on eating day and night in the net, eat and change places to weave the net for food, they spit silk knot net can eat the leaves of 100 acres of forest.
Therefore, killing a female moth can save 100 acres of forest, if the forest is eaten, the larvae will rain on the head of the person when they migrate, and they will climb into the homes of residents in groups, occupy houses, and even occupy beds, and residents are often frightened and dare not go home.
In 2016, the American white moth crossed the Huai River, the American white moth to the south of the Yangtze River spread trend is obvious, Xuzhou, Huai'an, Yancheng and other places have been invaded by this insect infestation, the south or will be lost, and now the American white moth has ravaged Kyrgyzstan, Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Henan, Lu, Su, Shanghai, Anhui, Hubei and other 13 provinces.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the human moth wars broke out</h1>
The terror of the American white moth directly alarmed the country, the human moth war has been envious since 1981, and in 1981 the state issued a special "document 198111", which put forward the instruction of "strict sealing and extinguishing on the spot" for the American white moth, and in 1999 the state launched the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei American White Moth Control Project". To deal with the American white moth, at the beginning, artificial physical control such as artificial pupae, artificial moth hunting, artificial netting and booby traps, as well as the use of chemical and biological agents to control, but did not have much effect.
Later, Yang Zhongqi, chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, found that conventional methods of spraying chemical pesticides did not work, one polluted the environment, and the other was that the agent could not touch the insect body and had no effect, and it was necessary to find and discover the natural enemies in nature that controlled this large pest according to the principle of "symbiosis" in the biological world.
After more than ten years of investigation and research, Yang Zhongqi found that the American white moth has 32 kinds of natural enemies in China, of which 12 are new species, he named and published them, and screened out the superior natural enemies of biological control of the American white moth - "white moth Zhou's small bee", Zhou's wasp is the dominant natural enemy of the Parasitic American white moth in China's native natural environment, safe for other non-target insects and natural enemy insects, and protects biodiversity.
Yang Zhongqi has overcome the problem of large-scale artificial breeding of natural enemies, studied a set of pollution-free new technologies for the prevention and control of American white moths using natural enemies, and solved the problem of pollution-free and pollution-free prevention and control of American white moths in China.
At present, its technical application has been very mature, and it is widely used in the white moth occurrence area of the United States. The use of Zhou's rodent wasp to control the American white moth is a pioneering work in China's biological control, so that China's use of insect predators to control the American white moth technology leapt to the forefront of the world.
In addition, dalian, Shaanxi, Shandong, Qinhuangdao and other epidemic areas have adopted this insect treatment and combined with biological agents such as the American white moth karyotype polyhet virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and have received significant control effects.
However, due to the fact that the American white moth itself is too tenacious, coupled with the uncertainty and uncontrollability of the spread, as well as the climate impact, it often rebounds in 2-3 years after being suppressed, so many places are still ravaged by the American white moth, and this human moth war is a difficult and protracted war for China.
In addition, it is also necessary to monitor the emergence of the American white moth in time, if it is not found and treated at an early stage, relying on strong reproductive ability, the American white moth will still cause serious consequences, although it will eventually be eliminated, but the damage has also been caused. Therefore, many areas have also proposed incentive measures, such as Xi'an High-tech Zone to give a cash reward of 50-100 yuan to the people who find and report adult worms, egg blocks or screen points at the first time.
summary:
At present, the research on the biology and ecology of the American white moth is still relatively weak in China, and most of the work focuses on the prevention and control, but if any harmful species are to be effectively controlled for a long time, it is necessary to have a more comprehensive and in-depth study of its biology, ecology, etc. In addition, the invasion and spread mechanism, outbreak mechanism, whether there is a trade-off between the relationship between the disaster area and other species and its different life history countermeasures have yet to be studied. This also indicates that there is still a long way to go to curb the further spread and spread of the American white moth and its long-term effective control.