25 April is World Malaria Day, which was established to draw attention to malaria among people around the world and to promote malaria control around the world.
What is malaria?
Malaria, one of the world's leading causes of death from infectious diseases. Malaria is an insect-borne disease caused by infection with the parasite through the bite or transfusion of a person with the parasite anopheles mosquito. The parasite responsible for transmitting it develops from single-celled animals. After a long period of evolution, the parasite infected reptiles, birds, mammals, then primates, and later to humans through primates. This parasite is called malaria parasite, and the infectious disease caused by it is called malaria. There are four types of malaria: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium trina, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium falciparum.
Source of malaria
Patients with present symptoms or asymptomatic carriers are contagious when gametoplasma is present in the peripheral blood.
How is malaria transmitted?
The vector of malaria is Anopheles mosquitoes. After inhaling the blood of the patient or the insect carrier, the anopheles bites and sucks the blood of a normal person, and then passes the malaria parasite to the latter.
The prevalence of malaria is closely related to the local temperature and rainfall, which are suitable for the development and reproduction of mosquitoes and malaria parasites. Malaria epidemic seasons tend to have mild climates, heavy rainfall, and mosquitoes can multiply in large numbers.
People in non-malaria-endemic areas are weakly resistant to malaria and are susceptible to malaria infection when entering endemic areas. Patients or carriers in endemic areas are susceptible to malaria transmission when entering non-endemic areas. As a result, population movements can easily lead to the spread of malaria.
In addition, congenital malaria can also be transmitted by blood from mothers with malaria or malaria parasites due to placenta damage or blood contamination of the mother's body during childbirth, which can be transmitted from the mother to the fetus, causing congenital malaria.
What are the symptoms of malaria?
The main manifestations of this disease are periodic regular attacks, chills, fever, sweating throughout the body, and after multiple attacks for a long time, it can cause anemia and splenomegaly.
How can malaria be prevented?
Malaria prevention is mainly to cut off transmission routes and protect susceptible populations. These include individual and group prevention.
Vector control is one of the fundamental elements of existing global strategies to fight malaria. Vector control can successfully reduce or interrupt disease transmission, especially in areas with high malaria prevalence. Indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide-soaked mosquito nets are two widely applicable core measures for malaria vector control that protect humans from the bites of malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
Africa and South-East Asia are highly endemic areas of malaria, and the doctors stationed in Africa, Southeast Asia and other places should have malaria diagnosis and treatment capabilities and stock up on malaria treatment drugs. You should know the malaria epidemic situation at your destination before you leave the country.
(Synthesized from the official website of the National Health Commission, China News Network, Science and Technology Daily, etc.)
Source: Xinhua Net
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