In order to effectively protect the health of the broad masses of the people, promote coordinated economic and social development, and respond to the initiative of the United Nations High-level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals to eradicate malaria globally, the Chinese government formulated the China Malaria Elimination Action Plan (2010-2020) in 2010. 2020 is the year to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in China, and timely detection, reporting, diagnosis and treatment of imported malaria cases and prevention of imported and re-transmission of malaria are the keys to achieving malaria elimination.
2020.04.26
13th National Malaria Day
Malaria Parasites & Coronavirus
Eliminate malaria and control covid-19, and prevent import and re-transmission
Novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak
At present, the NEW crown pneumonia epidemic is a global epidemic trend. As of 9:00 Beijing time on April 14, there were more than 1.76 million confirmed cases outside China, and the risk of importing the epidemic abroad continued to increase. Preventing the import of the epidemic is the top priority of the current customs prevention and control work.
Another ancient infectious disease, malaria, also has the risk of importation from abroad, Harbin Customs continues to strengthen port prevention and control measures, pay close attention to various prevention and control work, resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic through the port, build a solid port quarantine defense line, guard the national gate, while preventing the import of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, prevent the introduction of other major infectious diseases and cause the superposition of the epidemic.
So, do you know about malaria?
malaria
disease
composed
come
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasite parasitizing the human body and is infected by the bite of an amass mosquito or the transfusion of the blood of a person with the parasite.
What kind of "human" is a malaria parasite?
Plasmodium: Phylum End-duplex, Sporidium hemosporidium, Plasmodium malaria parasites of the family Plasmodium.
divide
type
Different plasmodiums cause vivax malaria, three-day malaria, falciparum malaria, and ovoid malaria, respectively.
The most common and severe are falciparum malaria and vivax.
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Talk
Incubation period, course, and clinical manifestations of malaria
After a mosquito with a malaria parasite bites the body, the malaria parasite is injected into the human body, and the disease will occur after 10-20 days. Symptoms such as fatigue, malaise, and anorexia are often present before the onset of the disease, and there are four stages of chilling, fever, sweating, and intermittent period. The main symptoms are chills, fever, and sweating.
Source of malaria
Patients with present symptoms or asymptomatic carriers are contagious when gametoplasma is present in the peripheral blood.
Routes of transmission of malaria
Malaria can be transmitted through mosquito bites or blood transfusions, and the best way to prevent malaria is to prevent mosquito bites and prohibit blood donations from malaria patients.
In addition, fetal wounds can be contaminated by blood from a mother with malaria or malaria parasites due to placenta damage or during childbirth, which can be transmitted from the mother to the fetus, causing congenital malaria, which can also be transmitted by blood transfusion.
calendar
history
The malaria family has an ancient history, and humans say that malaria is the earliest disease that accompanies humans.
In the second and third centuries BC, the cyclical disease of malaria has already appeared in the works of ancient Roman writers.
In China, there is a record in the "Zuo Zhuan" that "the water is sloppy and the malaria is falling". The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. There is also a special "Malaria Theory" in the Su Qing, which describes the typical symptoms of malaria alternating between cold and heat – detailed and accurate.
But at that time, people believed that the appearance of malaria was the will of God, which was related to water and miasma, and during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang recruited Meng to obtain "the army was not barren in May, and the miasma in Lushui was high in the moon", which referred to the "miasma" referred to as malaria caused by the falciparum malaria parasite in the malaria family.
It was not until 1880 that The French Labrand parasite discovered that the root cause of malaria in humans was infection with the single-celled parasite Parasite. And in later studies, it was found that the spread of the disease was that mosquitoes played a vital role in it.
person
fight
contend
The fight against malaria by human medical scientists has never stopped.
Currently, there is no vaccine that is effective in preventing malaria.
There are no specific drugs for malaria treatment.
However, artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin developed by Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, a new structural type of antimalarial drug with the advantages of "high efficiency, quick action and low toxicity", can effectively reduce the mortality rate of malaria patients.
treat
Therapy
Artemisinin-based antimalarial drugs have a good therapeutic effect on malaria. However, it is necessary to take the corresponding antimalarial drugs in accordance with the doctor's instructions after clarifying the type of malaria, do not blindly take the drugs on your own, and take antimalarial drugs, must be in accordance with the whole process, sufficient amount, and specification, otherwise it is easy to cause recurrence and drug resistance.
prophylaxis
defend
Pharmacological prophylaxis is not recommended for people who remain in malaria-endemic areas outside the country for extended periods of time.
Malaria prevention should be mainly to prevent mosquito bites. Medical scientists have come up with a malaria cure plan that prevents and treats later. Prevention is anti-mosquito. There are more than three hundred species of Anopheles mosquitoes in the world, of which more than seventy have the ability to transmit malaria.
Anopheles mosquitoes are controlled by treating the environment and cleaning up the breeding grounds of Anopheles mosquitoes larvae. Lakes, ponds, rice paddies, streams, etc. with aquatic grasses that Anopheles larvae (Anopheles larvae) like are all targets for human cleanup.
At the same time, spraying drugs to kill mosquitoes, biological mosquitoes, ultraviolet mosquitoes and other ways to eliminate adult mosquitoes.
Indoor mosquito barriers should be set up, housing should be installed with screen doors, screens, indoor use of mosquito coils or repellent before going to bed, use mosquito nets in bedrooms, and apply insect repellent to exposed skin.
Minimize your stay outside at night and use feasible anti-mosquito and mosquito repellent measures. Such as wearing long-sleeved undershirts and pantyhose or rubbing insect repellent on exposed skin, using fans to repel mosquitoes, etc.
International travel
Prevent malaria by doing so
Malaria-endemic countries in the Eastern Hemisphere in the Eastern Hemisphere 2020
Malaria-endemic countries in the Western Hemisphere in the Western Hemisphere 2020
Africa and South-East Asia are highly endemic areas of malaria, and the doctors stationed in Africa, Southeast Asia and other places should have malaria diagnosis and treatment capabilities and stock up on malaria treatment drugs.
You should know the malaria epidemic situation at your destination before you leave the country. Travel health advice can be obtained at international travel health care centres around the world.
Severe malaria can be life-threatening, after traveling to malaria-endemic areas, there are uncomfortable symptoms such as chills, fever, sweating, etc., and you should take the initiative to declare to the Chinese customs and inform the travel history when entering the country.
After the diagnosis of malaria, the drug should be taken in full amount according to the doctor's instructions to avoid recurrence and drug resistance.
The prevalence of malaria is closely related to the local temperature and rainfall, which are suitable for the development and reproduction of mosquitoes and malaria parasites. Travel should try to avoid the malaria epidemic season of your destination.
Healthy China, start with me!
Contributed by: Harbin Customs