Chinese the pursuit of beauty from ancient times to the present has never been broken, and there are many topics related to beauty, most of our understanding of beauty begins with the enlightenment painting of childhood, visual enjoyment in addition to the pursuit of rich culture, antique collection is so. In recent years, the collection of lacquerware has gradually heated up, there is a market demand for counterfeiters, the past generations are so, good lacquerware can not be sought, collection is an art also need a certain fate and vision, today we will talk about the collection of lacquerware.
<h1>The ancients actually used lacquer to write? </h1>
Lacquer was originally the name of the tree, which is produced in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and other provinces in China. The leaves are pinnate compound leaves, the color of the flowers is yellow, and the inflorescence is conical. The fruit is small, flattened and rounded in shape, with a smooth surface. There is sticky juice in the bark that can be applied to the utensils for ornamentation, also known as "lacquer". Lacquer was first used in China. In ancient times, writing was written with lacquer, and the age of its use can be deduced. However, when exactly the use of lacquer paint began, and the original purpose of lacquering was to write or to paint things, these can not be verified. But writing words with lacquer, the Yellow Emperor already had it. Both "Han Feizi" and Liu Xiang's "Saying Garden" both say "Shun-made lacquerware", indicating that the writing with lacquer is in front.
If we speculate from common sense, the ancient utensils are still relatively rough and do not have the beauty of later generations, and it is not necessary to use lacquer, so it can be known that lacquer was originally made to write words. Later, the use of ink writing became popular, lacquer had no other use, so most of it was used for lacquerware, but there was no special use for development, so the lacquerware of the Xia, Shang, and Three Dynasties was not very famous in the world. In the Han Dynasty, it was only when painting with lacquer began to be used. However, painting with lacquer is only seen in books. The oldest lacquerware that can be seen now is no earlier than the painted lacquer bronze ware of the Han Dynasty. There are still no famous objects painted with lacquer, so there is no record in the history books. From the perspective of collection, we will not discuss lacquerware before the Song Dynasty, because there are almost no lacquerware from this period, and most of them are excavated artifacts in museums.
Song Black Lacquer Sunflower Petal Plate Estimate: ¥1,200,000
<h1>Lacquerware matured from the Song Dynasty to the decadence of the late Qing Dynasty</h1>
It was not until the Song Dynasty that lacquerware began to make great progress. All kinds of lacquer methods known today have appeared in the Song Dynasty. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the lacquer method was further improved, so the famous lacquerware appeared in an endless stream. There are very few surviving works of carved lacquerware in the Song Dynasty, and it is not easy to see them now. At that time, there were also carved lacquerware with red as the ground and black as the face, and the red ground was carved with assorted flowers and grasses, and various flowers and plants were also engraved on the black surface. However, most of the Song Dynasty carved lacquerware is a box, followed by plates and cassettes.
During the Yuan Dynasty, there were two famous masters who made carved lacquerware, Zhang Cheng and Yang Mao, and their techniques were famous for a while, but the use of Zhu was not thick, and the paint was cracked. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there were paint made by Yang Zhen and painted paint made by the Wang family, and their techniques were also very good. Paint must be made of powder, the paint made by ordinary methods must become black after a few years, and the paint paint made by Yang Zhen is still like new after a hundred years, there is no change, and the subtlety of its use of color is unexpected.
Carved lacquer peony pattern disc Estimate: ¥1,400,000
During the Xuande period, lacquer filling utensils were also made, and the multicolored thick lacquer was stacked into a suit color, and after being smoothed out, it seemed that the production method was more difficult. This lacquerware has been used for a long time and is still like new, and now few people can make it. In addition, there are drifting xia, placer gold, tungsten inlay, pile paint, etc., but also to Anhui Shexian fang Xinchuan made is better, such as imitation of the placer gold box, the tire light paint slippery, and there is no difference from the Japanese production, most of the such lacquerware seen now are counterfeit products. In addition, there are also methods of drawing gold, sprinkling gold, painting gold, makeup, pasting gold, mud gold, flower color, and color drawing. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, there were still good lacquerware products, and after Jiaqing and Daoguang, they gradually regressed.
Lacquerware collection cat greasy, how to distinguish between new paint and old paint?
<h1>One: Judging from the broken lines</h1>
The distance of lacquerware production time is closely related to the change of color and the appearance of broken lines. Therefore, in order to distinguish the old and new lacquerware, the color and broken lines are used as the basis. Black lacquerware during the Song Dynasty, the texture of the lacquer is not solid, the appearance of the lacquerware is dark and not bright, like charcoal, as if it was burned by fire in the past, and the color of the lacquer is integrated with the wood. Therefore, they all call it "hand wrinkles", also known as "cow hair lines". Lacquerware with this pattern has the best durability, so it can still be seen today. If it was a snake-like broken line, this lacquerware is difficult to preserve to this day.
Lacquerware made in the Ming Dynasty has a slight luster on the outside, but this luster is dark and not dazzling. The texture of this type of lacquerware is also not solid, and the lacquer color is full of wood grain. However, the surface of the broken lines are snake belly stripes, hand wrinkles, until now can still be seen.
Ming Jiajing picked the red shou character pattern octagonal lacquer plate
Lacquerware made in the Kangxi period, the number of glossy is large, the number of dull is small, the luster on this lacquerware is bright but not dazzling, its texture is not solid, wood grain and other characteristics are basically the same as the lacquerware of the Ming Dynasty. Occasionally there are also artifacts without broken lines, which is different from the Ming Dynasty, and the lacquerware in the Ming Dynasty has broken lines. Wood grain can occasionally be seen on lacquerware made during the Qianlong period, but they are very subtle and less obvious, and compared with the wood grain of the previous generation, the color is either yellow or purple, or the same as the wood color, which is completely different from the previous lacquerware.
Newly made lacquerware will also crack after being blown by the sun and wind, and the texture of the lacquer can also deteriorate. However, its face is dark and translucent, and it still looks dazzling, and it cannot be found in the wood grain. And the smell of paint has not dissipated, and you will know it when you smell it. Paint things with lacquer, which must be dried after painting. If it is not dried and suddenly exposed to the wind and the sun, the surface is often broken, thus becoming a long strip of snake belly stripes. Therefore, snake belly patterns are on ancient lacquerware, and may also be found on new lacquerware, and it is not possible to judge the new and old lacquerware by whether there is a snake belly pattern. However, hand wrinkles are gradually generated after a long time, and there are absolutely no new lacquerware, only on ancient lacquerware.
<h1>Two: Judging from the color</h1>
The carved lacquerware of the Ming Dynasty, both black and red. The red carved lacquerware of that time is now purple, and the bottom and inside are plain surfaces. It is carved after black paint, so you can see the black lines on it when you look at it horizontally. However, the lacquerware of the Ming Dynasty, no matter what color, its surface has a polish. The red lacquerware made during the Qianlong period has not turned purple until now, but it still shows a slight hint of purple compared to the red color of the newly made lacquerware. The pattern on it also has no hard edges, and the colors are yellow, green, red, bronze, gold, etc., and the texture is the same as that of Ming Dynasty lacquerware.
Qianlong Qianlong Long Live Changchun Lacquer Plate Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
<h1>Three: Other details on the judgment</h1>
There are no broken lines on the bottom and inside of the Ming Dynasty carved lacquerware, and the surface is slightly shiny. There are also occasional paintings on the bottom or inside of Ming Dynasty carved lacquerware, but there are no ones made during the Qianlong period. If it is a newly made carved lacquerware, there is no light on the surface, and the carving is not exquisite If you smell it with your nose, you can smell the lacquer.