Chaos gold, prosperous literary play, since ancient times, wen play has been deeply loved by literati and inkers. As the living conditions of modern people are getting better and better, the cultural and play market is becoming more and more mature, and the demand is naturally increasing.
However, many people do not know that although some literary plays look very gorgeous, they are actually extremely cruel, and there is extremely ferocious killing behind them. Today, Xiaobian will tell you about the taboos in the play of literature: "one red, two blacks, three whites."
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > red</h1>
"One red" refers to crane top red.
However, this crane top red is not the incurable poison in those novels and television, but the skull of the helmeted hornbill.
The helmeted hornbill, the largest of the hornbill family, is 110–120 cm long and weighs 2–4 kg and lives in peninsular Malaysia as well as the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. Like all hornbills, they have a huge protrusion at the top of their beak called "crane tops", which are very popular in the Chinese play market.
Helmeted hornbills
However, the skull of the helmeted hornbill is unique.
The skulls of other hornbills are hollow, while only the skulls of helmeted hornbills are solid. Coupled with the soft texture, red on the outside and yellow on the inside, it is a good material for carving snuff bottles, bracelets, rings and other playthings.
In fact, since the Yuan Dynasty, that is, after Zheng He went to the West, the helmeted hornbill skull has often been paid tribute by the major feudal states in Southeast Asia. Because the shape of the helmeted hornbill was not known at that time, it was called "Xianhe", and because there was a crane pattern on the civilian official's court dress, the meaning of "official residence and one product" and "high rise of the sun" was naturally given to it, because of its bright color, it was called crane top red.
Imperial court officials were mostly used to make cups, belts and other playthings. Later, the national strength slowly weakened, and the producing countries no longer paid tribute, so the crane top red became more valuable.
Now, the Washington Convention has listed helmeted hornbills as a First Class Protected Species, and they are protected in any country. However, in recent years, Heding Red has once again become a high demand in Asia. According to the data, in China, Indonesia and other countries, nearly 300 pieces of art carved from the skull of helmeted hornbills have been seized, and countless birds are poached every year.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > black</h1>
"Two black" refers to black rhino horn.
Rhino horn, since ancient times, is an indispensable medicinal herb in Traditional Chinese medicine, with the effect of clearing heat, cooling blood, calming and detoxifying. For example, a paragraph in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": It is better to enter the medicine only for rhinoceros). In modern times, some people have found that rhino horn can not only be used in medicine, but also can be made into literature, so the few rhinos that are already there have been destroyed.
In fact, there used to be rhinos in China, and the name was called Chinese rhinoceros (the collective name of The Indian Rhinoceros, sumen rhinoceros, and Javan rhinoceros). There are many records of rhinos in ancient books, the most famous of which belongs to Confucius's "Tiger out of the tree, the turtle jade destroyed in the tree, whose fault is it?" The "golem" refers to the rhinoceros.
Most of the rhino horns circulating on the market today come from black rhinos from Africa. At the beginning of the 20th century, the black rhino was the most abundant of all rhinos in the world. But in the second half of the 20th century, black rhinos were hunted by humans, and their numbers soon dropped from 80,000 to 10,000. In 1990, less than 2,000 were left.
When a species is about to go extinct, humans know to protect it. In 2003, the black rhino population rebounded to around 3,500. In 2012, the IUCN added black rhinos to the Red List of Threatened Species and labeled them as critically endangered.
However, the greedy hunters did not let them go. Poachers in China and Vietnam have killed more than 1,200 black rhinos in Africa since 2006-2014. This makes the already overwhelmed black rhino even worse. Some experts predict that the black rhino is likely to become extinct within 20 years.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > sanbai</h1>
"Three whites" refers to ivory.
Since ancient times, ivory in our country has a very noble meaning, it can be said that its status in the world of literature and play is unshakable, the price is rising steadily. In ancient times, craftsmen used ivory to make objects such as fans, ivory carvings, combs and dice, and more recently people have used them to make piano keys, mahjong, buttons, etc.
Market demand has led to the killing of African elephants. Poachers do whatever it takes to hunt elephants with pistols, rifles and even poison for the sake of those two teeth. According to the data, between 1979 and 1987, poaching led to a decline in the number of African elephants from 1.3 million to 600,000.
Mortality is unusually concentrated in adult elephants with the largest tusks and the largest size. Female elephants (the oldest adult female elephants in a herd) are particularly vulnerable. Their tusks are large and are more likely to be found in populations than adult male elephants that live alone.
Many ethnic groups have lost their patriarchs, undermining their society, competition and physiology. The youngest pups often die with their mothers, while the older ones are orphaned and can only live alone or join new groups.
Although elephants are now listed as the world's top ten most threatened species for trade activities, 10,000-20,000 elephants are still hunted each year.
It is reported that China is the largest buyer of ivory products. The Chinese market is the most important factor in the sharp increase in the illegal ivory trade. In Africa, there are only two kinds of ivory customers, one is an organized smuggler, and the other is a casual customer.
Now very Chinese work in Africa, and every time before returning home, many Chinese in Africa will always steal ivory products in their luggage, and they will also teach each other "tips" to avoid being checked out by customs. According to the International Wildlife Trade Research Organization, an average of two Chinese carrying ivory products are caught every day worldwide.
< h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > concluding remarks</h1>
The reason why one red, two black and three white is called the taboo of literary play is because their extraction process is very cruel, and they are all derived from rare wild animals.
In fact, helmeted hornbills, rhino horns and ivory are actually made up of keratin, which is the same substance as human nails and hair. If you have that money, can't you buy a piece of jade, buy some gold, why do you have to harm these animals?
Finally, don't touch the illegal and bloody text, there is no sale, there is no killing.