China is vast, with many rivers and lakes, from the hills of the eastern plain to the western plateau divided into three stepped shapes, the diversity of geographical structure has produced many fish species, these fish distributed in various river basins. Such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Liao River and so on. From south to north, it is rich in diversity from tropical to alpine. Some fish can be raised as native ornamental fish, and some are important local economic food species. Some live in rivers and streams, some live in underground river caves and so on. China's indigenous native fish are divided into four levels according to orders, families, subfamily and genus, and are divided into 16 orders, including sturgeon, herring, salmonids, courgettes, eels, carps, catfish, jaw needles, medaka, stingrays, zygotes, flounders, herrings, perchs, perchs, and sturgeons. For example, the loach we are familiar with is divided into four levels: Cyprinid - Suborder Cyprinid - Loach family - Loach subfamily - Loach genus.
There are hundreds of species of native indigenous fish in China, including Oriental loach, yellow-lined loach, pointed-headed plateau loach, scaly white turtle, bream, bream, bream, blackfin bream, pan's loach, red-eyed trout, wafernia, horsefish, broad-finned bream, Chinese carp, slender-scaled salmon, mandarin fish, red-eyed trout, silverfish, largefin carp, dotted silverfish, stick-flowered catfish, and northern loach. Many fish species are in a specific water system to survive, the difference between the north and south fish is relatively large, China's native ornamental fish are mostly produced in the south, such as Tang fish, thunder dragon fish, salmon, horse mouth carp and so on.
Different water systems have different characteristic fish species, such as the Yellow River carp of the Yellow River, sichuan-Shaanxi Zheluo salmon and so on. There are also rare and endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yunnan bare-lipped fish, Sichuan white turtle, near red carp, cuttlefish, Dianchi silver whitefish, goldfish, Yunnan pan catfish, Xichang whitefish, Iwahara carp, round-mouth copperfish, longfin snout, heterojourn, long thin loach, Sichuan Chinese sucker, Yibin loach, strong body bass, Chinese barbed catfish, Kunming split-bellied fish and giant salamander.
The most distinctive fish in the southwest rivers are the Nanpan River, the Hongshui River, and the Lancang River, and the fish of these rivers are unfamiliar to many anglers. Such as petaled fish, guihua carp, curly fish, light lip fish. In the southwest region, there are the most fish in the category, such as four-sided catfish, golden-threaded catfish, square-mouthed catfish, erbilis catfish, Chinese knotted fish and so on.
The main rivers have iconic fish species, such as the Yangtze River finless porpoise, the Yellow River Lanzhou catfish, the Pearl River catfish, the Heilongjiang Dashi fish, the Huai River spinnaker mussel, the Liao River Songjiang perch, the Brahmaputra River heterodonted split-bellied fish, the Lancang River silk tailed trout, the Nu River Gongshan split-bellied fish, the Irtysh River Zheluo salmon and so on.
Due to the length of the article, let's introduce some of the indigenous native fish first. Next, there will be the introduction of Chinese wild fish.
1. White turtle
Commonly known as white beetle, roundhead fish, multi-scaled fish. It is a carp, carp family, subfamily, white turtle fish, mainly distributed in the main stream and tributaries of the Yangtze River system, with semi-migratory habits, belongs to the benthic fish living in the river basin, living in the rapids, the bottom of the bouldered river section, scraping algae, mainly diatoms, green algae, as one of the important economic fish in the production area.
White turtle
2. Spotted snakehead
Perch, Suborder Climbing Perch, Family Pterophoridae, Genus Pterophoridae. It is commonly known as bonito, caiyu, mandarin fish, raw fish and so on. It is of different species with snakehead, moontail and southern snakehead, and its morphology and habits are very similar. The dorsal fins all start above the base of the ventral fins , and the caudal fins have 2 to 3 curved transverse spots.
Spotted snakehead
3. Stick flower fish
Aliases goby, sand hammer, flower stick. The body is thick, the nostrils are sunken in front, the lips are thick, the folds of the upper lip are not significant; the lateral lobes of the lower lip are smooth. Lateral line scales 35 to 39 pieces. During the reproductive period, males have pearls on the pectoral fins and heads, and each fin is elongated.
Stick flower fish
4. Large-scaled loach
Cyprinids, Loach family, genus Para loach. It is distributed in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other places. The body is nearly cylindrical and the head is shorter. Lower mouth, horseshoe-shaped. There is a small notch in the center of the lower lip. Nostrils close to the eye. There are no thorns under the eyes. The gill holes are small. The head is scaleless and the body scales are larger than those of loach. The side lines are complete. 5 pairs are required.
Large-scaled sub-loach
5. Heterogeneous carp
A species of fish in the genus Heterocharinidae in the family Cyprinidae. Also known as the ridged carp, spot-tailed redtail fish. It is distributed in the Yuanjiang River system, the lower reaches of the East and North Rivers of the Pearl River system, and Hainan Island, and mainly lives in the small tributaries of mountain streams.
Heterogeneous
6. Albacore
Striped are albacores with pectoral fins that can exceed the length of the ventral fins; in the plaqued flat-jawed bream, the pectoral fins do not exceed the ventral fins. Broadfin fins, formerly known as , are now divided into striped and patchy species. The former is now known as the albacore bream and the latter as the flat-jawed squid.
Albacore
7. Wrench
A species of fish in the genus Cyprinidae. The body is flattened and oval in shape. No need for a quarrel. The hypopharyngeal teeth are rowed, and the tooth surface is smooth. The lateral line is incomplete, with only lateral line holes on the front 4 to 6 scales. It is one of the native ornamental fish in China.
Wagtails
8. Light lip fish
Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae, Subfamily Catfish, Genus Light-lipped Fish. Commonly known as brook grouper, rosefish. The body is slender, flattened laterally, with a slight bulge on the back of the head and a rounded and shallowly curved abdomen. The head is medium-sized, flattened laterally, with a slightly pointed front end.
Light-lipped fish
9. Fish
A species of fish in the genus Cyprinidae. It is distributed in the Yangtze River and Lancang River systems. The sides of the body are flattened and the contours are long ovate. The mouth is subordinated and horseshoe-shaped. The corner of the mouth must have 1 pair. The side lines are complete.
Fish
10. Back perch
Parts of the Lancang and Nu rivers and their tributaries are endemic to fish, and the local name is flower fish. The main morphological features are the posterior position of the dorsal fin, the snout and cleft are wide, the tentacles are well developed, and the body color and markings are lighter and scattered. The diet is meat. Because of its golden body color, tender flesh and delicious taste, it is one of the economic fish of the production area and is favored by the local people.
Back perch
11. Thick-lipped loach (Yaoshan loach)
It is a species of fish in the genus Protobadonidae in the family Flatfin loach. It was discovered in 1980 in dayao mountain, Guangxi, when it was classified under the genus Protobaydrin. The loach genus is a species endemic to the genus Yaoshan loach in the flatfin loach family. The body is long, cylindrical, and the tail stalk is slightly flattened. The head is lower, the snout is rounded and blunt, the edges are thinner, and the snout is longer than the head behind the eyes. Lower mouth, curved, wider, slightly less than 1/3 of the head width. The lip is fleshy, hypertrophied, the upper lip has no obvious papillae, and the lower lip is hypertrophied and prominent.
Yaoshan loach
12. Hua Yu
Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae, Genus Echinaceae. It is widely distributed, except for some parts of the northwest plateau, almost all over the major river systems in China, and is distributed in rivers and lakes in the plain area. It is a common fish in rivers and lakes, generally living in the slow flow of the middle and lower water bodies, scraping the benthic invertebrates attached to the gravel with the jaw, algae and plant debris. The maximum individual can grow up to 20 cm.
Hua Yu
13. Yellow croaker
Yellowtails are fish of the family Pond Fish. Commonly known as yellow belly fish, jute tender. It mainly lives in rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs and other slow-flowing aquatic grasses, and is a master of suspension in grass tanks.
Yellow croaker
14. Giant
Also known as eagle tank, tank duckbill, eagle duckbill, papaya fish, is a catfish, a family of catfish, a tropical freshwater fish. Distributed in China's Lancang River and the lower reaches of the Mekong River, India's Ganges River and other river basins, the giant cat is huge, strange appearance, the origin of the famous swimming fishing and edible fish, but also as an ornamental fish.
Giant bass
15. Curly fish
Cyprinids, Cyprinidae, Subfamily Wild carp, Genus Curlyfish. It is commonly known as jia fish, mouse fish, and mouse head fish. English name: Ratmouth barbel. It is a sedentary fish that lives in wide riverbeds, large flow rates, deep pools in the river, deep water sections with clear water at the bottom of the rock, and stone caves with spring water. The largest individual is more than 2 pounds, and the meat is delicious.
Curly fish
16. Lao tattooed breast
Distributed in the Lancang River and other river basins in Yunnan, the body is black, with a pale yellow longitudinal stripe in the center of the body side, the body length can reach 10 cm, inhabiting the rapid flow of streams, waterfalls, feeding on aquatic insects.
Tattooed chest
17. Baby maw
Cyprinidae, a small fish of the genus Catfish. The body is cylindrical and the tail is flattened. The corners of the mouth must be 1 pair. The fin has no hard spines and 6 branching fins. The dorsal fin has no hard spines, and the starting point is closer to the base of the snout than the base of the caudal fin, and the body length can reach 6.2 cm.
Baby maw
18. Wheat ear fish
Suborder Cyprinidae, Cyprinididae, subfamily, is a species of fish in the genus Wheathoe. It is a native of Asia, but became a local invasive species due to its introduction to Europe. It is an important economic fish in our country.
Wheat ear fish
19. Mekong diplodocus
Commonly known as the moss rat, the famous grass tank tool fish. It is a family of algae-eating loach. The mekong diplodocus has an elongated body, flattened lateral, and a straight dorsal and ventral margins. The head is flat and small. The kiss is prominent and slightly pointed. The eyes are small, upper lateral, and have small spines with a base part fork below the front line. The mouth is small, lower, and horseshoe-shaped. 5 pairs are required. The body is covered with small round scales , the head is scaleless , the lateral line is inconspicuous , and the upper and back of the body have several distinct longitudinal black patches extending to the base of the caudal stalk. There is a noticeable black spot above the base.
Moss rats
20. Loach sucker
A species of fish in the genus Loach in the family Loachiaceae. It is distributed in the mountain streams and rivers of the Minjiang River and oujiang river system with gravel and sandy rapids.
Loach pseudo-abdominal sucker
21. Spring water fish
Cyprinids, Cyprinid, subfamily Wild carp, a species of fish in the genus Springwater Fish. Commonly known as spring water fish, oil fish. Spring water fish is a species endemic to China. The body is long, rounded at the front, slightly flattened laterally at the posterior, flattened in the anterior part of the abdomen, and the dorsal part of the head is curved.
Spring water fish
22. It resembles a catfish
Cyprinidae, a species of fish of the genus Catfish. It is distributed in the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Minjiang River, Qiantang River, Lingjiang River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and other river systems. It inhabits the bottom of rivers and looks for food in the sediment.
Like a bass
23. Sichuan Chinese loach
It is a species of loach in the family Flatfin loach, a species of loach. In China, it is distributed in the tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and mainly inhabits the mountain and stream rapids environment.
Sichuan Hua sucker loach
24. Sichuan split-bellied fish
Cyprinidae. The body is long and slightly flattened laterally. The head is tapered. It is distributed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the Jinsha River and Yalong River systems. It belongs to freshwater fish. I like to live in the valley section of the valley with turbulent water. Staple food aquatic insect larvae, etc. The largest individual is nearly 50 cm.
Sichuan split-bellied fish
25. Striped catfish
Cyprinidae, a species of fish in the genus Catfish. Aliases striped two-whiskered catfish, golden bar, five-line catfish, half-crucian carp, banxing fish, pumpkin seeds, red circles. Hong Kong is called the five-line tuna. Distributed in the Chinese mainland and the plains of western Taiwan, it is one of the most common native freshwater fish in Hong Kong.
Striped catfish
26. Earth catfish
That is, the local catfish, commonly known as the pond horn fish. The body is long and the posterior side is flattened. The head is flattened. The mouth is large, and the mouth split does not stop below the immediate edge of the eye. The lower jaw is prominent, and the upper and lower jaws have fine teeth. Adults must have 2 pairs and 1 must reach the unterned pectoral fin. The pectoral fin spines are visibly serrated at the leading edge of the spines. The base of the fin is very long and the number of fins is large. The caudal fin is small, slightly concave, and the upper and lower lobes are equally long. Both cheeks have long whiskers. Carnivorous, mostly wild.
Pond horn fish
27. Gobies
It is a collective name for the various gobies species of the goby family, and it is widely distributed. It is short, only a few centimeters long, and there are more than 2,100 known species. It is a large category of native ornamental fish in China, and China is the country with the largest variety of freshwater goby.
goby
28. Iwahara carp
The original carp of the cyprinid family, commonly known as water seed, black carp, rock carp, and ink carp, is an endemic species in China. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River fishery, the economic value is higher. The yield is not high, but it has the advantages of small body cavity, tender meat, delicious taste, etc., and is loved by people as a superior economic fish.
Iwahara carp
29. Cryptofin catfish
A genus of fish in the catfish family Catfish. There are the following species: Afghan cryptofin catfish, Cryptofin catfish, Vietnamese cryptofin catfish, Freud's cryptofin catfish, Ganges cryptofin catfish, Yoshinell's cryptofin catfish, Toruřn cryptofin catfish, Indian cryptofin catfish.
Cryptofin catfish
30. Long loach
Fish of the genus Loach in the family Cyprinidae loach, commonly known as loach, red sand loach, etc., are endemic to China. It is mainly distributed in the main tributaries of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and its auxiliary waters, and generally inhabits the bottom of the river.
Loach long
31. Long filament black bass
The body is elongated, flattened on the sides, narrow on the dorsal side and broad and flat on the ventral surface of the head and torso. The side of the head is flattened, and the crest of the bone is covered with thin skin. The snout is blunt and longer than the diameter of the eyes. Big eyes. There are short whiskers between the nostrils, and the upper jaw must reach the base of the pectoral fin and the inner edge has a skin membrane. There are 4 lower chin whiskers behind the lips. The body is dark yellowish grey , and the caudal fin is faintly folded and the other fins are black at the ends.
Filament black bass
32. Zhejiang original loach
Flatfin loach family. The head is flattened, the tail is slightly flattened, and the tail stalk is equal in length to the height of the tail stalk. The snout is long and the snout folds are divided into 3 leaves. 3 pairs of beards. The lower lip has small papillae and only 4 lobed small papillae at the central edge. The lower end of the gill fissure extends to the ventral surface of the head. The pectoral and ventral fins are flattened. The caudal fin is nearly truncated. The body is covered with insect-etched markings.
Proto-tamarind loach
33. Chinese lesser scaled mandarin fish
A species in the genus Oligobranchaceae in the family Baculidae. The flat dorsal margin on the side of the body is curved and the abdomen is slightly flattened. The upper and lower jaws are slightly equal or the lower jaws are slightly protruding. The collar, plough and palate are velvet-like tooth bands without large tapered teeth. Endemic to China.
Less scaly mandarin fish