Technical measures for planting and management of green citrus in Guangxi
Liang Yuanbin
(Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xingye County, Yulin, Guangxi, Yulin 537800, China)
The rapid growth of social economy has significantly improved the quality of life of the people, and people's demand for green food has gradually increased. Citrus has a long history of cultivation in Guangxi, is one of the main industries in Guangxi, has broad development prospects, is the most potential sunrise industry, and has become a new growth point for the rural economy in Guangxi. In order to meet people's demand for green food, it is necessary to do a good job in the green planting and management of citrus and promote the sustainable development of the citrus industry. Researchers need to constantly innovate planting techniques and management measures to effectively increase citrus production.
First, the importance of developing green citrus
1. The inevitable trend of national agricultural development
With the rapid development of the national economy, people's demand for green food is growing. Doing a good job in the green planting and management of citrus can meet people's needs and promote the development of agricultural economy.
2. It is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the citrus industry
Green citrus ensures the quality of fruit trees, promotes the body to improve the body's immunity, and replenishes the required vitamins and nutrients. Professional and technical personnel go deep into the field to guide growers, so that growers can achieve green planting, ensure the quality of fruits, increase the economic income of growers, and promote the good development of the citrus industry.
Second, green citrus planting management technology
The area of citrus cultivation in Guangxi has gradually decreased, and there are many problems in the development of the citrus industry, and the development situation is grim. Many farmers pay too much attention to the variety problem in citrus planting, ignoring the adaptability of the variety in the local planting, resulting in the difficulty of improving the efficiency of citrus planting. Starting from the local climatic conditions in Guangxi, it is necessary to explore the management technology of green citrus planting and effectively improve the quality of citrus planting.
1. Selection of varieties
The most important part of growing green citrus is the selection of citrus varieties. Growers need to combine the actual local conditions, such as soil conditions, climatic conditions, etc., and choose citrus varieties suitable for local cultivation. On this basis, choose varieties that are more popular in the market and have obvious planting advantages. At this stage, the more popular and beneficial citrus varieties planted in Guangxi are mainly blood orange, summer orange and navel orange.
2. Planting land selection and garden planning
(1) Planting site selection
Citrus is suitable for growing in warm and humid, winter without severe cold, large temperature difference between day and night, and sufficient light. The average annual temperature is 16 to 22 °C, the absolute minimum temperature is ≥ 9 °C, the average temperature in January is ≥ 4 °C, the annual accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 °C is above 5000 °C, and the annual sunshine hours are more than 1200 h. Some varieties that require strong light must reach more than 1500 hours of sunshine per year to produce abundantly.
The soils most suitable for citrus growth are loam and sandy loam soils, with deep soil layers, preferably above 60 cm, and soil pH between 6.0 and 6.5. Citrus is sensitive to soil moisture, and both over-dry and over-wet soil can cause serious damage to the root system. Suitable soil for growing citrus, the water table should be below 1 m.
In addition, citrus prefers moist soil, is not drought tolerant, and should have sufficient water sources for planting. In order to ensure the quality of the fruit, the planting site also needs to be kept away from polluted areas to ensure green production.
(2) Garden planning
After selecting the appropriate varieties and plantation land, it is necessary to make reasonable planning for the plantation land, formulate a scientific division plan in combination with the actual situation of the plantation land, and carry out infrastructure construction in the site according to the plan, including electricity, irrigation and road facilities, etc., to ensure the smooth progress of green citrus planting.
3. Trimming and shaping
Citrus pruning can improve the ventilation and light transmittance of the tree, make the tree fully photosynthetic, and reduce the impact of pests and diseases to a certain extent, and effectively promote the effective growth of fruit trees. Proper shaping ensures that the tree absorbs nutrients better and ensures that the citrus tree grows during its infancy.
Citrus plastic surgery can be carried out in spring and autumn, and in summer, the tree body is pruned and managed in combination with citrus growth, and the denser branches and leaves are pruned off to balance vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
4. Reasonable fertilization
After the planting of citrus, effective fertilization is required, mainly compound fertilizer is selected as the base fertilizer, and the decomposed chicken manure is added in an appropriate amount. Within 7 days of the completion of the fruit harvest, a planting trench with a diameter of about 35 cm is dug at the drip line of the citrus canopy and fertilized in a rotating orientation. Doing a good job of topdressing can effectively promote the growth of citrus trees and improve the economic benefits of growers. Citrus growth is usually carried out 2 times of topdressing. The first topdressing of citrus trees is performed in the spring, and the microbial fertilizer needs to be pre-activated before fertilization. 2 kg of urea can be fused into water at 36°C, stirred well and the temperature of the mixture is controlled above 23°C, allowed to stand for 2 to 3 days and watered. The second topdressing time is in mid-June, and the fertilizer needs to be activated before topdressing. This topdressing mainly uses spraying to topdress around the drip line.
5. Pest control
A very important part of green citrus planting is the pest control of citrus trees, not only to control the aboveground part, but also to ignore the underground part. For the prevention and control of green citrus pests and diseases, the method of spot spraying or full crown spraying can be adopted.
(1) Physical prevention and control
Common methods of physical control are: yellow plates, insect traps, traps, sweet and sour solutions, etc. The yellow board mainly traps aphids and planthopper pests; the insect trap lamp mainly uses the characteristics of insects with phototropism to trap, mainly trapping moths, nocturnal moths, beetles, etc.; the trap is mainly to use sexual attractants to trap male insects, mainly for fruit flies; sweet and sour liquid mainly traps moths, noctus, fruit flies, etc. According to the size of the orchard and the size of the fruit trees, the number of yellow plates, insect traps, traps, sweet and sour liquid, etc. is determined, and these traps are placed in the best position according to the activity habits of various pests, so as to ensure the control effect.
(2) Biological control
Biological control measures include protection and breeding of natural enemies, spraying of biological pesticides, etc., according to the type of disease and insect pests, the introduction of natural enemies, appropriate cultivation of some low weeds, to create a good habitat environment for the growth and reproduction of natural enemies, to promote the balance of the entire orchard ecosystem area; conditional can be released some pests and natural enemies, such as the control of red spiders, can be stocked with mite ladybirds, Japanese square head beetles, grass maggots, long-bearded mites, etc.; control of butterflies, can be stocked with red-eyed bees, parasitic bees; control of leaf-based moths, can be stocked with sub-African grasshoppers, White Star Ji wasp and some predatory ants, etc. In short, it is necessary to protect natural enemies, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and use natural enemies to control the outbreak of diseases and insect pests. Another method is to use biopesticides such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, karyotype polykeratovirus, etc. In this way, the safety of citrus trees and the quality of green citrus can be effectively guaranteed, so that the economic benefits of growers can be effectively improved.
(3) Agricultural control
Strengthen field management, remove the uneven shoots that are pulled out prematurely or too late, so as to cut the food chain of pests and reduce the density of insect populations; use adult pseudo-death, shake trees to shake and kill; when huanglongbing disease plants are found, timely remove and clean; clean the countryside in winter, remove the affected leaves, clean the branches, turn the loose soil deeply, and destroy the overwintering pupae site, which can reduce the source of overwintering insects.
III. Conclusion
With the continuous development of science and technology, the effective combination of science and technology and agriculture can ensure the green and healthy cultivation of citrus, and can continuously optimize the quality of citrus, and effectively improve the economic benefits of citrus growers.