If spring and autumn history is a friendly match that ends at the point, then the Warring States is a knockout match for survival of the fittest.
When we talked about the history of Spring and Autumn in the last issue, we left a question, why did the Eastern Zhou Dynasty divide into two sections: Spring and Autumn and Warring States? Today for you to reveal.
In the twenty-third year of King Zhou Weilie (403 BC), King Weilie of Zhou made Wei Si, Zhao Yuan, and Han Qian princes, and historians regarded the event as a watershed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and history called "Three Families Divided into Jin" Sima Guang, a famous emperor during the Song Dynasty, wrote a great work of imperial emperor "Zizhi Tongjian", which also began with this event.
The three families are divided into promotions
From 633 BC, when The Jin Dynasty established the Six Secretaries of The Three Armies, the Six Secretaries have always held the military and political power of the Jin State. By the time of the Jin Dynasty, Han, Zhao, Wei, Zhi, Fan, and the six secretaries of the Zhonghang clan were tilting against each other. Later Zhi Boyao offended the three families of Han Zhao and Wei, and the three families joined forces to kill Zhi Boyao, becoming the three largest families in the Jin state, and in 376 BC, the three families of Han Zhao and Wei divided up the land of the Jin state and abolished the Jin Jinggong. At the same time, he sent emissaries to the King of Zhou and asked for his titles. King Zhou Weilie wanted to be a shunshui person, so he agreed.
Map of Han Zhao Wei
Why is the influence of the three branches so great? Because this is an incident of rebellion by the family and the division of the suzerainty, but the incident was recognized by Zhou Tianzi, although Zhou Tianzi had no authority, but it still had orthodox legitimacy, which meant that the following crimes were recognized, subverting the foundation of Zhou Gong's rule, and the Zhou Dynasty completely collapsed and entered the era of the weak and the strong.
The Warring States is the story between the Seven Heroes, who are Qin Qi Yan Chu Zhao Wei Han. The knowledge point of the junior high school examination is the location of each country, where a trick is taught to quickly memorize. "Qin Qi Yan Chu Zhao Wei Han, north to south", the direction is left and right up and down, up and down.
Warring States Seven Heroes
According to the time, the Warring States can be divided into 5 stages.
In the first stage, the State of Wei dominated
After the three families were divided into Jin, Marquis Wen of Wei reused the famous Li Wu and Wu Qi to change the fa and try to strengthen. As the first country to change the law during the Warring States period, the State of Wei rose rapidly to dominate the world. The powerful Wei Wu pawns attacked the city everywhere, and the land of Hexi in the Qin state was captured by the State of Wei during this period, and Qin Wei formed a feud. The State of Wei even crossed the State of Zhao and destroyed the State of Zhongshan.
We say that forgetting the war will be dangerous, and if it is belligerent, it will die. Due to constant diplomatic mistakes, in 341 BC, the State of Wei was greatly defeated by the State of Qi at the Battle of Maling, and more than 100,000 people were annihilated, and the State of Wei was seriously injured. Moreover, as the largest talent export place in the Warring States period, Shang Martin, Wu Qi, Sun Zhen, Zhang Yi, etc. were all Wei people and were forced to flee in the mother country without being reused, the brain drain and years of conquest, and the hegemonic status of the Wei state fell.
Talents exported by the State of Wei
In the second stage, Qin Qi Chu was strong
After the Battle of Maling, the State of Qi rose rapidly, and the State of Qin also rose rapidly after the Change of law by Qin Xiangong and Qin Xiaogong, while in the south, the State of Chu, the largest superpower in terms of land area, also recovered its strength after Wu Qi's change, and Qi Chu and Qin were listed as the three major powers.
During the period, the three families continued to marry, but also friction with each other, and the Qin state adopted the national policy of lianheng, "joint strong attack weak, joint far attack strong". In 312 BC, the State of Chu was defeated by the Qin army in Danyang and Lantian and suffered heavy losses, and the State of Chu withdrew from the three powers.
In the third stage, Qi Qin competed for hegemony
We have said that Lianheng is the national policy of the Qin state, and the state of Qi is the farthest away from the Qin state and the least threatening. Therefore, at this stage, the State of Qin united with the State of Qi, and even the State of Qin took the initiative to submit to the State of Qi, at which time the State of Qi had the upper hand. And Qi people are good at business, the business wind is booming, and there are only interests in their eyes.
During the reign of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, the Six Kingdoms feared the State of Qin, and the State of Qin united with the State of Qi, and met and called the Eastern Emperor and the Western Emperor. In one fell swoop, the State of Qi caused dissatisfaction among the other five countries. Subsequently, under the planning of Su Qin, a spy of the Yan state, in 284 BC, the five kingdoms jointly attacked more than seventy cities. The State of Qi was almost destroyed, and the State of Qi was restored, but after this battle, the hegemon of the East was devastated from then on.
Western Emperor, Eastern Emperor
In the fourth stage, Qin Zhao was strong
After several generations of precipitation, the State of Zhao finally became the strongest country in the East after the decline of the State of Qi, and militarily ranked second with the State of Qin. The four famous generals of the Warring States, Bai Qi, Wang Qi, Li Mu, and Lian Po, each accounted for two of them.
Hufu rides and shoots
At the end of the Battle of Changping, which had been deadlocked for three years in 260 BC, the Zhao state suffered heavy losses, and Bai Qi pit killed the Zhao state and surrendered, and the Zhao state was no longer able to compete with Qin for hegemony. Since then, the unification of the Qin state has basically cleared the way.
Battle of Changping
In the fifth stage, Qin merged with the world
In the later period of the Warring States period, in addition to Zhao Chuqi's certain strength, other countries were lambs to be slaughtered, and the six eastern countries returned several times without success.
Perhaps it was also Heaven blessing the Qin state, at that time, the monarchs of Zhao, Chu, Qi and other countries were all dimwitted people, although there were talents such as Li Mu and Xiang Yan, but in the end there were no more people who could provoke the big beams, such as Meng TianWen, Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng, Xinling Jun Wei Wujie, and Chunshen Jun Huang Xie. The Qi people are even more obsessed with how to make money, but they don't know that the prosperity without security is just a fattening lamb.
The Four Sons of the Warring States
In 221 BC, the Qin state unified the world, and the Warring States era of more than two hundred years finally ended, and China ushered in the first era of great unification.
Qin Shi Huang cast currency, unified weights and measures and writing, and it was from then on that the unification of China became a gene imprinted in the hearts of the nation. At the end of the chaotic Eastern Zhou Dynasty, if King Wen of Zhou knew that "King Wen pulled eight hundred steps, and the Zhou Dynasty was eight hundred years old", I don't know if he would fight for his old life and pull more steps.
After a few years of war, the Central Plains have risen to a dynasty within the Mighty Zhenyu, and our ethnic group has also been named the name of the dynasty, which is Han!
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