Chen Fusen
Chen Fusen: 98 years old
Nationality: Yingshan, Hubei (currently living in Xuanchengjing County)
Number: Captain of the Radio Station of the Forty Division of the Twenty-fifth Army
Rank: First-order electric operator of the Central Military Commission (same as captain)
Oral record collation: Zhang Lei
My name is Chen Fusen, born in Jing County on December 25, 111 of the Republic of China, my ancestral home is Yingshan, Hubei Province, the family has parents, two brothers, three sisters, I also have a little sister, my parents are honest farmers, only farming.
I started school at the age of eight, first in my village private school for three years, and then for five years at the primary school that opened in the Wang Ancestral Hall (now demolished) in Pan Village, when the primary school was six years old, because I had studied private school and jumped directly to the second grade to start schooling.
In the 23rd to 24th years of the Republic of China, there was a local drought, and he stopped school for two years and went home to help cultivate land. When I was seventeen, I married my adoptive daughter-in-law, who was the same age as me, but unfortunately only two years after marriage, she unfortunately died of difficult childbirth at the age of nineteen.
When the world was in turmoil, it was too late to grieve, when the War of Resistance broke out, the township government arrested Ding everywhere, and families with large populations naturally wanted to go out of Ding. Liu Bingzhe, commander of the Fifty-second Division of the Twenty-fifth Army, bought one hundred and fifty acres of land in our local area for his uncle's pension, and my family was one of his tenants, so my father entrusted Master Liu to the relationship between his uncle and sent my second brother to the special agent company of the division headquarters as a soldier, because the National Government has a policy, and the students are not recruited, and my parents told me and my brother to continue to go to school and not to go home.
Middle school students in the thirties
At that time, Xuancheng had fallen, and the Anhui Provincial No. 12 Middle School was moved to Jing County, so I continued to study in the 12th Middle School, and the principal of the first year was mao Wen, who was the inspector of Anhui Province at the time and was a Jixi person. The next year, the principal was replaced, named Chen Yide, as if he still had an identity at that time, and was the director of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education.
At that time, the headquarters of the Twenty-fifth Army of the Thirteenth Group Army of the Third Theater was stationed in Sanmendong, Ningguo, and they lacked knowledge of young people, so they sent people to the middle school to recruit, and the recruiter was called Zheng Lin.
At that time, it was the second year of junior high school, I listened to the preaching at school, determined to serve the country, bid farewell to my parents, and I signed up for the army with four middle school alumni: Zuo Xiaohui, Huang Zhongxiang, and Shi Tianqiao, and they all learned to join the army, and I was a junior high school student.
After enlistment, we were assigned as signal soldiers, without giving us guns and without any military training. Give us coarse cloth military uniforms, pants, hats each, in the second half of the year will be issued a cotton coat, no shoes, I still wear my own to wear grass shoes, time shoes will be damaged, there are comrades in arms when they hit grass shoes will wrap rags in, I asked him to give me a pair of linen shoes.
I joined the army at the beginning of the thirty-first year of the Republic of China, when the Twenty-fifth Army participated in the Battle of Zhejiang Andan, and the subordinate 40th Division and the 108th Division participated in the battle, and the remaining 52nd Division remained in Jing County and Nanling garrison. At that time, the military headquarters was stationed in Sanmendong, and my alumni and I had been training in the radio training class of the military communication corps, and the direct subordinate units of the military department were special agent companies, engineer companies, communication companies, anti-drug companies, health brigades, and heavy battalions. Later, after the end of the battle, we followed the military personnel from Jixi, through Huizhou to Wuyuan, and finally found the troops withdrew from the battle and joined in Dexing, Jiangxi.
Later, the troops were successively transferred from Dexing to Jinxi, Yihuang and Chongren, each of which was stationed for three to five months, and we were all studying during this period, learning radio codes, and the minimum requirement was to shoot and send one hundred and forty numbers a minute. The important thing is the speed of the post and the accuracy of the post. The four of us were assigned to the army from the early stage to graduation and studied for a year. After I graduated, I was assigned to the radio station of the Forty Division, Shi Tianqi went to the 108th Division, Zuo Xiaohui could not adapt to the speed requirements of the report, but the assessment was not enough, Huang Zhongxiang was infected, and neither of them could graduate from the training class.
Our Forty Division was formerly known as the Two Huai anti-smuggling police regiments, and one division had three regiments under its jurisdiction: the 118th Regiment, the 119th Regiment, and the 120th Regiment, which according to the establishment should have 12,500 people, but in fact there were only 8,000 people at most. The division commander was named Chen Shizhang, and the deputy division commander, Jin Shiqi, was from Zhejiang.
Communications Corps Training
The divisional headquarters communication is three radio stations, one is in contact with the military headquarters, the second and third stations are responsible for special contact with the regimental headquarters, and one radio station should have four people, one station commander and three newspapers, in fact, there are only two people, one station commander is one person, I first entered the army, divided into one station, the station director is called Yang Benyuan, is a Native of Henan. Radio receiving telegrams is powered on by batteries, is two batteries, direct current, power generation text to alternating current, a radio with a squad of soldiers, the establishment is fourteen people, actually ten people, not responsible for protection, is specifically responsible for hand-cranked generator, the generator relies on the rocker to drive power generation, two people rotate shaking, the generator is connected to the folding plate orange, after sitting on the generator just saw the meter, the rocker is as big as a bicycle circle, the hands should not stop shaking, keep the hands in the right green area. Then use the wire to lead the electricity out, lead to the socket, plug the radio power cord in, you can power the power, when our operator starts to press the electric button, their rocker will be very heavy, ordinary post communication is only twenty minutes, can make people wet.
Our division headquarters has a staff room, an adjutant's room, a military doctor's room, an ordnance room, and a quartermaster room. The staff office is generally six people, the person in charge is the chief of staff, the general staff is responsible for drawing up the combat order, after drafting, the staff officer will send it to the division commander for review, the division commander feels that it is OK, so he approves the words: OK! After signing his own name and adding a date, the order is determined to be handed over to the translation and telecommunications team by the adjutant, translated into a number, and then sent to the radio by the messenger and sent by the newspaper.
General messages are divided into ordinary, urgent and special emergencies, limited to one hour and half an hour. The special urgent telegram will be sent when it arrives, the time-limited telegram should be shot and sent on time, the urgent message should be sent on the same day, the ordinary telegram does not matter, and it can be sent within three days. When orders are issued, they are first notified to the various units by telephone, and then they are notified by telegram, and the telegrams are to be archived for future reference.
Different from the front-line radio station does not turn off twenty-four hours a day, when the troops are stationed in the county town, the radio station is only turned on at least once a day, and it is only twice a day, and the last time of mutual power generation and contact will be sent to inform the time of the next radio start, and the report will be issued at the end of the day: "QSK MO A 0700" is to start the reception at seven o'clock in the morning the next day, send "QSK AF D 0500" is five o'clock in the afternoon, send "QSK NI V 0800", that is, at eight o'clock in the evening to start, When I was an electric operator, I was punished for missing the opening time and was locked up for a day.
On the left, there is the hand-cranked generator.
Message format: The leftmost header is N, which means numbering, and on the right is CK, which means that the number of words will be received for this message. If you receive "ZNN" at the opening of the desk on the same day, it will be easy, this time there is no telegram transmission, no need to copy. When receiving a long telegram, the other station will first shoot and send QTR, and then send a number, which means that the two stations will check the time first and confirm that the consistency is accurate.
We only use Arabic numerals for our reports, and the messages are represented by ten digits from 〇 to nine, four numbers or groups of five numbers, one group represents a Chinese character, generally four numbers are in a group, and five numbers are encrypted. Our fifty-second division's own code name is 6CK0 and the military code name is 5Q. In the hands of our operators, it is only a number, we do not understand the meaning behind the number, nor can we see the Chinese translation, just shoot and send, there will be no leak.
Suichuan Shaziling Airport
Later, the troops were transferred from Chongren, Jiangxi to Suichuan and Ganzhou, and the commander was replaced by Huang Baitao, who was responsible for defending the two airports. In Suichuan, I went into the airport with the team once, just a runway, Ganzhou airport did not have a chance to enter, the situation inside is not understood. But I know that both airports are U.S. military planes, and there are American pilots, because they often drink and drive around the streets in flying jackets and jeeps.
Then the Japanese attacked from Hunan, we fought defensively, the time should be 1944, it should be the Xianggan Campaign, the duration of that battle was relatively short, only ten days, the troops were marching at night, during which the radio was turned on every day, at least to contact the military department twice. In 1945, when I was resting between the operators, I heard the staff officers of the division headquarters chatting, and they said: "Now that the Japanese have shrunk their strength, the strategy of the Japanese army's base camp should be to abandon South China, hold on to Central China, and stick to North China." But I was on duty in the powerhouse all day, and I didn't know the truth about the front line.
Our army continued to fight in various parts of Jiangxi, and in mid-August it arrived in Yandu (present-day Yudu County, a county under the jurisdiction of Ganzhou City), and the adjutants of the division headquarters went to the front line to understand the situation, and the soldiers reflected: "We saw that the Japanese quickly opened fire, and the Japanese did not return fire but ran, and we did not know what the reason was, so we did not dare to chase." "On the nineteenth, the troops heard passers-by say that the Japanese had surrendered, but we had not received any telegram information, and on the twentieth day of doubt, there was news from the staff office of the division headquarters that we were going to Wuhu to be surrendered, and at that time the troops were in Leping County, Jiangxi, and then on the twenty-second day the order was changed, asking us to go to Hangzhou to be surrendered.
We all walked for a month, but when we arrived in Hangzhou, we found that Hangzhou had been taken over by friendly forces, and at that time, the New Sixth Army, which was led by Liao Yaoxiang, had just received orders to transfer to the northeast, so we were transferred to take over Shanghai and garrison shanghai for three months. He also received a telegram to transfer Yangzhou. I first took a train from Shanghai to Zhenjiang, crossed the river by ferry, and then walked into Yangzhou, where I was stationed for two years.
When the peace talks broke down in the 37th year of the Republic of China, our troops went to Shandong again, when the military headquarters was stationed in Nianzhuang and our division headquarters were in Youjiahu Lake. The team was surrounded by the East China Field Army, like a barrel, and could not go out on all sides, And Commander Chen was smart, and he fled back to Shanghai with his troops in Xuzhou, and was later arrested in Fujian. Soon after the siege, Chen Yi commanded the launch of a general attack, the sound of gunfire was very small, he heard the footsteps of people whirring, a rushing sound, no one in our troops resisted, there was a shout of slogans over there, everyone on this side raised their hands, everyone did not want to fight a civil war.
Later, I first accepted two months of ideological reform in Linyi, Shandong, in the transformation camp I met acquaintances, knew the news of the suicide of Huang Baitao, commander of our Twenty-fifth Army, then transferred to Xuzhou, and studied for six months, we all said that we wanted to go home, issued food stamps and travel expenses, took the road to Bengbu to Nanjing, at that time Nanjing was still fighting (the Battle of crossing the river), I and Shi Tianqiao waited on the north bank of the river for three days, knowing the news of the liberation of Nanjing, I found a boat to cross the river, on the way I stayed at his house for one night, when I returned to my home in Jing County, the second brother had already arrived home one step ahead of me. Because his unit was close to home, when I arrived home, my family was not small, which was a reunion. When my nephew got married, his daughter-in-law's home address was very close to the home of my comrade-in-arms Shi Tianqiao, I was invited to attend the wedding, and after the banquet, I inquired about the recent situation of my old comrade-in-arms, and answered: They have been dead for more than ten years.
This article was successfully completed, and was greatly assisted by Mr. Ke Yuewu of Xuancheng Charity Association and Mr. Chen Peng, the grandson of Chen Fusen's grandfather, and I would like to express my deep gratitude here! Zhang