Speaking of Chen Duxiu, everyone knows that he was one of the founders of our party, the leader of the May Fourth Movement, the pioneer of China's democratic revolution, and Li Dazhao, who was called Southern Chen Bei Li, and Chairman Mao said that he was the standard-bearer of the New Culture Movement, the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth Movement, the spiritual leader of the progressive youth of the whole country in the 1920s, and the propagator of communism in China.
Chen Duxiu, leader of the May Fourth Movement
Mao Zedong worked at Peking University when he was young, deeply influenced and influenced by the atmosphere at that time, and like many others, he also regarded Chen Duxiu as a mentor and idol, because his reputation was too big, and his literary talent was good, in fact, in the early days of "New Youth", basically he wrote a magazine by himself, almost everyone in the world at that time knew Chen Duxiu's name, he was the big V of that era.
He devoted his life to anti-feudalism, propaganda literary revolution three years later, the national common vernacular language teaching, his biggest influence is to establish the concept of democracy and science in the hearts of the people, the other is to establish the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu's family of three people have participated in the revolution, the five central committee members of the Communist Party of China 31 people, their family Chen Duxiu, Chen Yannian, Chen Qiaonian occupied three seats, creating a spectacle, can also show that their family under the influence of Chen Duxiu, is a revolutionary family, father and son, give up the small family for everyone. At that time, Mao Zedong and Chen Yannian had a good relationship and could talk about it, and these also had a great impact on the young Mao Zedong.
But later, with the changes and development of the situation, the road of revolution was never smooth, and coupled with the fact that our Party was still in its infancy, immature and inexperienced, Chen Duxiu did not want to accept the leadership of the Communist International, but was powerless, and in the end, he not only accepted the instructions of the Communist International, but also proposed that all work be returned to the Kuomintang, and even more inevitably slid into right opportunism, and he later relied on the Communist International, did not have his own ideas, and during the period of the Great Revolution, when Chiang Kai-shek deliberately created friction, Instead of heeding Mao Zedong's proposition to preserve his military strength and driving Mao Zedong out of the meeting, he made a compromise with the Kuomintang, advocating the surrender of his guns, pinning his hopes on others, causing heavy losses to our party, completely handing over the leadership of the revolution and the life and death of the party to Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, and committing major mistakes.
Therefore, at the Eighth Seventh Session of the Party, in summing up the experience of the defeat of the Party's Great Revolution, Chairman Mao for the first time systematically and targetedly criticized a series of erroneous ideas of Chen Duxiu, and Chairman Mao believed that Chen Duxiu should bear the main responsibility for the defeat of the Great Revolution.
The former site of the 1987 Conference
After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Chen Duxiu himself summed up his experience with some very good views, he believed that China's problems were still Chinese he knew better, that there was no need for the specific intervention of the Communist International, and that the Chinese revolutionary China problem still had to come Chinese himself.
At that time, after Chen Duxiu was released from prison, he had plans to return to the Communist Party, and Chairman Mao welcomed this, and sent Ye Jianying to communicate with Chen Duxiu and ask him to return to Yan'an to work, as long as he realized his mistakes.
But Chen Duxiu, who was accustomed to being a "feudal patriarch," immediately raised his voice and said for the sake of his own face, "I don't know where I came from, but I have regrets!" He rejected Chairman Mao's kindness and refused to openly admit his mistake.
After all, Chen Duxiu had made contributions before, and Chairman Mao knew this in his heart, and Chen Duxiu's weight in his heart was still very heavy, after all, it was the previous ideological enlightenment, and in the end, Chairman Mao decided to give Chen Duxiu another chance, after all, he also had meritorious deeds to the revolution. In order to show our party's broad mind, Chairman Mao also specially instructed and published an article entitled "Where Is Mr. Chen Duxiu Going?"
The article reads: "The comrades in the Party are all glad that Mr. Chen Duxiu has regained his freedom, and I hope that Mr. Chen Duxiu will humbly admit his mistakes, regain his revolutionary enthusiasm in the past, and return to the ranks of our Party again." ”
Figures of the New Culture Movement
Even after Chairman Mao received Ye Jianying's reply, he was not angry at Chen Duxiu's refusal, and in order to do his best, Chairman Mao asked Dong Biwu, the elder of the Party, to personally go to Nanjing to persuade Chen Duxiu. Dong Biwu is a major representative of the party, and Chen Duxiu is a contemporary, to speak, the two have not seen each other for many years, very excited, after greeting, Dong Biwu said to Chen Duxiu: "Brother Zhongfu, the organization sincerely hopes that you can come back, you can not apologize publicly, even if you write a written inspection, Brother Wan Wang can put the country and the nation first and abandon stubbornness and prejudice." ”
Unfortunately, Chen Duxiu did not agree, saying: "Returning to the party work, consolidating my wishes, but the written review will hinder the difficulty of obeying the order." ”
Although Chen Duxiu repeatedly refused to admit his mistakes, the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao still did not give up their efforts to persuade him, but at the end of this year, Wang Ming suddenly returned to Yan'an from Moscow, and he resolutely opposed Chen Duxiu's return to Yan'an, and also accused Chen Duxiu of being a spy.
When the news reached Chen Duxiu's side, he was very angry, mistakenly believing that this was the decision of our party, and in a fit of anger, he moved his family to Jiangjin, Sichuan, and even severed contact with our party for a while. And when Chairman Mao pointed out the mistakes made by Chen Duxiu, he always affirmed his outstanding contributions in the past, and Chairman Mao never forgot him.
Chen Duxiu
Later, when Chen Duxiu was in Sichuan, Chairman Mao also specially asked Zhou Enlai to send people to Jiangjin to invite Chen Duxiu to return to Yan'an, and at this time Chen Duxiu was already disheartened and had long since lost the passion of that year. Chen Duxiu said: "Shou Chang is dead, Yan Nian is dead,...... Except for Enlai and Runzhi, there are no people I know in the Central Committee, I am also backward, I am old, the Central Committee is meeting, what should I do? I don't want to be led by the nose, so why should I let everyone scatter without results? Faced with this situation, Zhou Enlai had no choice but to give up.
Chen Duxiu dedicated himself and his son to the Chinese revolution in this life, but never considered his own interests, which is particularly valuable, in his later years Chen Duxiu's relatives died, poor and sick, alone, but he was upright in quality, Zhang Guotao defected, once represented the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek government, wanted to win him over, but he categorically refused.
Chairman Mao inspected Anhui
After Chen Duxiu's death, the living conditions of his descendants were not optimistic, Chairman Mao later visited Chen Duxiu's hometown in Anhui Province, and also took the initiative to ask about the situation of the Chen family's descendants; when he learned that Chen Duxiu's son Chen Songnian had difficulties in life, Chairman Mao was very angry and asked the local government to take care of them and provide appropriate monthly subsidies.