Peas are one of the common vegetable planting varieties in rural areas, in recent years, due to the relatively warm winter, the use of greenhouses for cultivation, but the greenhouse microclimate is warm and humid leading to an upward trend in the occurrence of diseases and insect pests year by year, which greatly affects the planting efficiency of farmers.
< h2 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1 pea cultivation technique</h2>
Fresh food peas include 2 kinds of sweet crisp peas and hollandaise beans.
1.1 Requirements for environmental conditions
Peas are semi-hardy vegetables that like cold and are afraid of heat, and the most suitable growth temperature is 16 to 20 ° C. The flowering and pod stage is not tolerant to frost and high temperature, and it is more adaptable to soil, but it is preferable to loose soil with high organic matter content. In the growth, a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required. The planting site requires no pollution of water, soil and gas, convenient drainage and irrigation, moderate pH, and pH of 5.5~6.5.
1.2 Cultivated varieties
In Chenggong, peas are mainly fresh food, from the sowing period to the flowering period of 50 to 60 days, generally about 15 days after flowering, the tender pods are elongated and stopped, the pods are half drum-shaped, and the color should be harvested in time when the color is bright pink and green. If properly managed, the harvest period can be as long as 2 to 3 months.
(1) Sweet and crispy peas are divided into soft pods and hard pods. Soft pod species include: Rare 323, Rare 76, Taichung No. 13, Acacia 66, Meilu, Zhenmi, Shuangmi, etc., the following are recommended varieties.
a. Rare 76. Strong growth potential, good disease resistance, young green, full and sweet taste of fruit pods, plant height of more than 200 cm, 26 to 30 single pods, 667 m2 yield of about 1 200 kg.
b. No. 13, Taichung. Early ripening, good growth, plant height of about 200 cm, white flowers, low knotted pods, larger tender pods, fat and round shape, emerald green slightly curved, sown to harvest about 65 days.
c. Refreshing. Vigorous growth, good resistance, plant height of about 200 cm, white flowers, low pod nodes, 1 flower panicle knot 1 ~ 2 pods, tender green, fat, shiny, sown to the initial harvest about 50 days. Hard pod species include: Cuizhu, New Zealand, Zhong Pea No. 6, Zhong Pea No. 4, etc.
(2) Hollandaise beans
a. Improved pod pea. Early ripening, wide adaptability, short stem, plant height of about 80 cm, white flowers, large pods, pod emerald green, thick flesh, pod length 14 ~ 17 cm, width 3.0 ~ 3.5 cm, 667 ㎡ yield 600 ~ 700 kg.
b. Taichung No. 11 (small pod beans). Strong growth potential, good disease resistance, plant height of more than 200 cm, a single plant of more than 30 pods, small pods about 8.5 cm long, about 1.5 cm wide, pink and white flowers.
1.3 Fertilization and sowing of seeds
Peas should not be continuously planted with legumes, the planting ground should be deeply turned over and fertilized, sown, 667 ㎡ when preparing the land, 2 000 to 3 000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium, 15 to 20 kg of potassium sulfate, or 50 kg of compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer should be applied in the whole field, and chemical fertilizer can be applied in ditch or pond. The ridge is 1.0~1.1 m open, the width of the mound is 45 to 50 cm, the width of the ditch is 50 to 60 cm, the seed is single row, the plant spacing is 8 to 10 cm, and each pond point is planted with 1 seed; Or 1.4 to 1.5 m open, 50 to 60 cm wide, ditch width 80 to 90 cm, double row per seed, plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm, 2 to 3 grains per pond point. It is cultivated with mulch mulch. Hard pod sweet crisp peas can be sown in ponds, plant row spacing (25~30)cm×50 cm, sow 3~4 seeds per pond, 3~4 kg per 667 ㎡ seeds.
1.4 Field fertilizer water management and insertion
(1) Fertilizer water management Pea seedling stage is more drought-tolerant, less water demand, if the climate is dry, can be watered 1 to 2 times, into the flowering and pod period, water demand increases, indispensable water, should always keep the soil moist, if heavy rain to drain in time, to prevent rotten roots. Fertilization at the seedling stage depends on the growth of seedlings, if the seedlings are weak, they can be combined with watering to apply fast-available nitrogen fertilizer, 667 ㎡ urea 15 ~ 20 kg, into the flowering and pod stage of fertilizer demand increases, this period depends on the growth of fertilizer 1 to 2 times, generally topdressing urea 20 ~ 30 kg, or compound fertilizer 10 kg, while foliar spraying Sheng Zhifeng, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Yunda 120, pod treasure, green Fenway and so on.
(2) Cutting rack Hard pod sweet and crispy peas can not be framed, while other varieties should be inserted in time when the seedlings grow to about 30 cm tall. The height of the frame should be guaranteed to be more than 2 m, the frame material is made of bamboo poles or wooden poles, every 2 to 3 m, inserted into the "human" shape, bundle a crossbar on the fork, and then pull the line to lead the vine, so that the vine grows upwards, keep the ventilation and light between the rows, easy to manage, but the frame should be inserted, and the frame cannot be inverted during growth.
<h2 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 characteristics and laws of major disease occurrence of peas</h2>
2.1 Powdery mildew
(1) The pest sites and symptoms are mainly harmful leaves, stems and pods, mostly starting from the leaves, and the leaf surface is infected with white powdery pale yellow spots at the beginning of the disease, and then expands into irregular powder spots, which are connected to each other, and the surface of the disease is covered with white powder (Figure 1), and the back of the leaf is brown or purple patches. After the disease expanded, it spread to the whole leaf, and the leaves quickly withered and withered, and small powder spots also appeared in the stem and pod infection, which caused the stem to wither yellow and the young stem to shrink in severe cases.
(2) Pathogen Powdery mildew pea belongs to the subphylum hemiknophyllum fungus.
(3) Incidence of the law In summer, the high temperature and rainy and humid environment are very prone to epidemics, and sometimes the weather is dry, and the disease can still occur seriously. The disease can infect seeds through pea pods, which is a rare seed-borne powdery mildew that can be spread by air currents and rain sputtering, and can be repeated multiple times without a significant overwintering period. In addition to infecting peas, it can also affect other crops of the legume family, solanaceae, cucurbitaceae and other crops, which is one of the main diseases of peas.
2.2 Pea brown spot disease
(1) The site and symptoms of the injury are commonly occurring on the pea, and the production is mixed with black spot disease and brown streak disease. It is mainly harmful to leaves, stems and pods. Leaf infection produces round light brown to black brown spots (Figure 2), the edge of the spots is obvious, the humidity is large, it is dirty yellow or gray-brown, and when it is severe, it causes the leaves to wither and die, which greatly affects the yield and quality of peas.
(2) Pathogen Pea shell dispore genus hemiknophyllum subphylum fungus.
(3) Pathogenesis law Field 15 ~ 20 °C and rainy and humid environment is prone to disease, conidia by rainwater transmission for re-infection, in addition to harming peas, can also infect broad beans and beans.
2.3 Pea brown streak disease
(1) Harmful sites and symptoms Are mainly harmful leaves, stems and pods. The leaves are infected with irregular lilac dots, and under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the spots expand rapidly, covering the entire leaf, and the diseased leaves turn yellow and twist and die; Some have dark brown irregular chakra spots (Figure 3) with small black dots in the central necrosis area. Petioles and stems are infected without forming a streak, and the posterior spot is concave in the center. Pathogens can invade the inside of the seed from the pods.
(2) Pathogen Pea cavity fungus belongs to the subphylum ascomycete fungus.
(3) Pathogenesis Of pathogenesis, the pathogen mainly overwinters on the seeds with mycelium or conidia, sows the seeds with diseases the following year, and infects them after the emergence of seedlings. The disease occurs the most in the middle of the fertility period, followed by the seedling stage. Sowing too early or suffering from low temperature cold damage, vegetable fields soil is heavy, humidity is too large, nitrogen fertilizer is too much or plant growth is easy to get sick.
2.4 Pea blight
(1) Pest sites and symptoms, also known as pea-based rot, mainly occurs at the seedling stage. Seed infection causes seed rot, the base of the seedling stem or root neck becomes brown to reddish brown oval or long strip of disease spots, and the diseased part gradually collapses and shrinks or cracks, causing the seedling to grow slowly, break and lodging, and wither, and grow a light brown spider silk mold layer when the humidity is high.
(2) Pathogen AG-4 fusion group of Li wiltiae is a subphylum of hemiknophyllum.
(3) Pathogenesis of mycelium or sclerotium overwinters in the soil, and can saprophyte in the soil for 2 to 3 years. Hyphae can invade the host directly and spread through water streams and agricultural tools. Sowing is too dense, the seedlings are not timely, the temperature and humidity are too high or the cultivation is very easy to induce diseases and damage, which can occur all year round. In addition to harming beans, the disease can also infect melons, nightshade fruits, cabbage, rapeseed, kale and other crops.
2.5 pea rust
(1) The pest site and symptoms mainly occur in the late growth of peas, mainly harmful to leaves and stems. Leaf infection produces small round russet patches on the leaf surface or dorsal of the leaf, emits dark brown powder after rupture, and later produces dark brown bulges in the diseased part, revealing black powder after longitudinal cracking. Symptoms after stem infection are similar to those of leaves.
(2) Pathogen Pea monastic rust fungus, belongs to the subphylum basidiomycete fungus.
(3) Pathogenesis Pathogen is a metastatic parasitic bacterium. Initial infestation and re-infestation are carried out with summer spores, which are transmitted by air flow and complete the infestation cycle. It is generally more severe in spring and summer. Low-lying waterlogged, clayy soil, densely grown, poorly ventilated plots or more severe disease during out-of-season cultivation. In addition to harmful peas, it can also infect other legumes.
2.6 Pea root rot
(1) Pest sites and symptoms Seedlings can be diseased from the adult plant stage, and there are many diseases during the flowering period, mainly harmful to the roots or rhizomes. The lower leaves of the diseased plant first turn yellow, and gradually develop to the middle and upper parts, causing the whole plant to turn yellow and wilt. The main and lateral roots are initially light brown and then turn black, the longitudinal section of the roots, the vascular bundle becomes brown or earth red, the nodules and root hairs are significantly reduced, the light causes the plant to dwarf, the stem is thin, the leaves are small or the leaf color is pale green, and the individual branches are wilted or wilted, and although the mildly diseased plants can flower and bear pods, the number of pods is greatly reduced or the grain is thin; The base of the stem with severe disease shrinks or depressions and turns brown, showing a thin waist, the diseased cortex rots, a large number of dead after flowering, no harvest of particles, resulting in a yellowish whole field (Figure 4), which is one of the important diseases commonly occurring in pea cultivation areas.
(2) Pathogen Fusarium pea tofu is a subphylum of the genus Hemiknomycetes.
(3) Pathogenesis Pathogen is soil-dwelling fungus, which can be spread by soil, disease residues and seeds, and invaded by roots. Continuous cropping and excessive rainfall after drought and poor drainage can aggravate the occurrence and prevalence of diseases.
2.7 Pea yellow top disease
(1) Pest site and symptoms After the pea plant is infected, the plant is dwarfed, the newly extracted parietal leaves are yellowed, smaller, and brittle, and the leaf axils pull out multiple adventitious buds, showing a cluster phenomenon. Early disease does not form pods, and the heavy plants die.
(2) Pathogen Pea yellow-top virus.
(3) Pathogenesis of the virus overwinters on the living host and is infected by aphids. Aphids suck on the diseased plant for the shortest 3 h, through the mouth needle to transmit the virus to the healthy strain, the virus in the aphid body incubation time (including aphid drug use time) at least 8 to 12 h, with poisonous aphids on the healthy plant feeding time of at least 15 min to transmit the virus, since then can transmit the virus for 5 to 9 days, the virus in the pea plant incubation period of 5 to 20 days. Viruses do not pass on to eggs, and offspring do not pass on viruses. The length of the incubation period is closely related to the temperature, the temperature is high, the incubation period is short, the temperature is low, and the incubation period is long. Under the conditions of the presence of the source of the virus, it is conducive to the season or ecological environment of aphid breeding activities.
<h2 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > 3 The occurrence of pea main pests is pest and law</h2>
3.1 aphids
(1) Morphological characteristics are mainly harmful peas, cowpeas, broad beans and other legumes, aphids are small, divided into two types of winged aphids and wingless aphids, the body color is green or black, the sucking mouthpiece, the end of the abdomen has a tail and a pair of abdominal tubes.
(2) Characteristics and laws of occurrence of harm Occurs all year round, and reproduction is fast under high temperature and drought conditions, and the harm is more serious in spring. The cluster hosts the back of the young leaves, the young stems, the tender tips and the flower bulbs to suck up the sap, and the absorbed parts form faded spots, causing the leaves to shrink and deform, and the plant wilts and dies in severe cases. Aphids are vectors of transmission of the virus and often cause the occurrence of pea virus disease.
3.2 South American spotted flycatchers
(1) Morphological characteristics In 1994, it entered Kunming, Yunnan with flowers, and was a particularly dangerous quarantine object, and is now distributed throughout the country. It is mainly harmful to peas, broad beans, celery, lettuce, spinach, rapeseed, potatoes, chrysanthemums, caryophyllus and other crops, the morphological characteristics are similar to the American spotted diving fly, the adults are gray-black, the body size is small, the larvae are white, the posterior valve protrusion has 6 to 9 stomata, and the body segment is white and transparent.
(2) The characteristics and laws of occurrence are harmful all year round, generations overlap, 11 to 12 generations occur every year, March to April and October to November are the peak of harm, and the temperature of the occurrence of harm is about 22 ° C. It is mainly infested by larvae. Adults use an egg layer to lay their eggs in the leaves, and many small white spots form on the leaves after feeding. After the egg hatching, the larvae submerge on the leaf and between the epidermis, eat the middle rib and the middle vein, eat the leaf into transparent hollow spots, form a submersible channel along the leaf vein (Figure 5), and also feed on the sponge tissue of the lower layer of the leaf, the submersible channel (tunnel) is incomplete, there are irregularly arranged black feces on both sides, and multiple submersible channels are connected to form a large brown rot area, which often causes seedlings or plants to die, which is extremely destructive.
3.3 Thrips
(1) Morphological characteristics The thrips species that harm peas mainly include western flower thrips (mainly harmful species, body color pale yellow to brown), flower thrips, smoke thrips, yellow thrips, large thrips, transverse thrips, etc., adult insects are small and narrow, body length 1.0 ~ 1.8 mm, is a small insect, with concealment.
(2) Occurrence of pest characteristics and rules Adult insects lay eggs in the thin skin tissue of leaves, flowers and fruits, adult insects and nymphs cluster on pea shoots, young leaves, flowers and fruits as a pest, with filing suction mouthpart puncture, file these tissues, suck sap, there are tooth marks or white spots in the victim, seriously affecting the quality of pea products. After the young heart leaf is damaged, the leaf becomes elongated and wrinkled, forming a "rabbit ear shape". Mildly affected growth, flowering and fertilization, heavy plants stagnate growth, dwarf yellow weak. After the flowers are damaged, the flowers are infertile or not fruitful.
3.4 Beet noctuidae, twill moth, silver moth and smoke moth of the family Noctuidae
(1) Morphological characteristics Are mainly harmful to peas, cowpeas, broad beans, peppers, tomatoes, corn, tobacco and other crops, mainly larvae as pests. Several pests often occur in a mixture. The body lengths of the beet noctus moth, twill moth (Fig. 6), silver moth and smoky green worm old mature larvae are 22, 38-50, 30, 30-40 mm, respectively.
(2) Occurrence of pest characteristics and regularity The larvae mainly eat leaves, and bite young stems, petioles, flower buds and pods, and often eat the leaves and young stems when they occur, causing serious losses. High temperature and humidity and dry season are very easy to occur, adult insects have a strong tendency to black light, larvae have suspended death, and elderly larvae have the habit of migrating and transferring to pests in groups.
3.5 Small land tiger
(1) Morphological characteristics The mature larvae are 37 to 47 mm long, gray-black, and the surface of the body is covered with particles of different sizes, with 2 dark brown longitudinal bands.
(2) Occurrence of pest characteristics and regularity Larvae are pests, which bite off the stem of the seedling near the ground, causing plant death, lack of seedling ridge, and destruction of seeds. It can be harmful all year round. Adults are more prone to black light and sweet and sour solutions and lay eggs on short weeds. The larvae are not very harmful before the 3rd instar, and after the 3rd instar, they lurk in the topsoil during the day and come out at night. The mature larvae have a suspended animation habit, are frightened into rings, prefer warm and humid environments, low-lying waterlogging, rainy and perennial irrigation areas, and loose soil, sandy soil, clay soil plots are suitable for small land tigers.
<h2 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > 4 pea pest control</h2>
4.1 Diseases
(1) Agricultural prevention and control Select disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions; Implement rotation of non-leguminous crops to destroy the advantages of pathogen infection and avoid continuous cropping; Sow disease-free seeds, soak seeds in warm soup or mix seeds with medicated seeds, mix seeds with 25% powder rust (triazolone) wettable powder with seed quality of 0.2% to 0.3%, or mix seeds with 75% bacillus clear wettable powder with 0.2% seed volume; Reasonable dense planting, clear ditches and drain stains, enhance plant permeability, and timely remove weeds in the field; Scientific and rational fertilization to improve crop disease resistance; Discover the central disease plant, timely removal and then use medicine (especially soil-borne diseases, blight, root rot, should be timely irrigation); After harvesting, the countryside is cleaned in time, and the dead branches and diseased leaves are incinerated and buried.
(2) Pharmaceutical control At present, in the process of controlling pea diseases and insect pests, chemical pesticides are still an important means of prevention and control, so advocating the scientific and rational use of pesticides is a necessary means to ensure the quality and safety of pea products. According to the different control objects, different pesticide types and dosage forms are selected. In the early stage of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, timely scientific and rational use, not only to control the pests and diseases, but also to reduce environmental pollution, the selection of efficient, the right pesticide and the adoption of the correct application method, is the key to the scientific and rational use of pesticides.
a. Powdery mildew. With 75% Bacillus Clear wettable powder 500 to 700 times liquid, 30% Terfurin (flucirazole) wettable powder 1 200 ~ 1 400 times liquid, 10% nitrimonazole emulsion 2 500 ~ 3 000 times liquid, 75% triammorpholine emulsion 6 000 ~ 8 000 times liquid, 40% Fuxing (flusilazole) emulsion 4 000 ~ 6 000 times liquid, 25% enesazol emulsion 1 500 times liquid or 50% tribee (ether ester) dry suspension 3 000 ~ 4 000 times liquid alternate control, Spray once in 7 to 10 days, and prevent and control 2 to 3 times.
b. Pea brown spot disease and brown streak disease. With 75% Bacillus Qing wettable powder 600 times liquid, 80% Dasheng (Daisen manganese zinc) wettable powder 600 times liquid, 10% Shigao (phenylethoconazole) dispersible granules 3 000 times liquid, 40% Fuxing emulsion 4 000 times liquid, 40% Xinsheng (nitricoxazole) emulsion 6 000 times liquid alternate spray, 7 to 10 days, prevention and control 2 to 3 times.
c. Pea blight and root rot. Irrigate the roots with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, 30% xyrrhoprim water agent 1 000 times liquid or 25.9% anti-wilt spirit water agent 500 to 600 times liquid for prevention and control 1 to 2 times.
d. Pea rust. Use 30% Terfulin (flufenazole) wettable powder 1 200 to 1 400 times liquid, 15% rust ning wettable powder 800 to 1 200 times liquid, 43% Hollik (pentanazol) suspension 5 000 to 6 000 times liquid, 25% dimethod (propiconazole) emulsion 1 400 to 1 600 times liquid, 10% nitrile ninnin 2 500 to 3 000 times liquid or 40% Fuxing emulsion 4 000 to 6 000 times liquid alternate spray, 7 to 10 days once, prevention and control 2 to 3 times.
e. Pea yellow top disease. Prevention is the mainstay, prevent aphids. At the beginning of the disease, alternating spraying of foliar fertilizer 1.8% aiduo harvest (the main components are sodium o-nitrophenol, sodium p-nitrophenol and sodium 5-nitro-o-methoxyphenol) wettable powder 6 000 times liquid + 2% Stella (amino oligosaccharide) water agent 1 000 to 1 500 times liquid, 1% niyramycin water agent 400 to 600 times liquid, 20% virus quick-killing wettable powder 1 000 to 2 000 times liquid, 3.95% virus BIK wettable powder 1 500 times liquid and other antiviral agents, once every 10 days, Continuous prevention and treatment 3 to 4 times.
4.2 Insect pests
(1) Agricultural control and selection of insect-resistant varieties according to local conditions; Rational layout, implementation of crop rotation, appropriate planting, increase field permeability; Digging and drying in winter, timely removal of weeds and damaged leaves in the field, reducing the source of insects, cleaning the countryside in time after harvesting, and intensive burning of crop residues for deep burial; Discovery of central insect strains (aphids), timely removal; Pests of the family Nocturnidae can be artificially hunted by larvae.
(2) Physical control Set up black light lamps in the field to trap nocturnal moths and adult tigers in small areas; In view of the yellowing of adults in South American spotted flycatchers, yellow card fly-killing paper is used to trap adult insects, generally set 15 points/667 ㎡, one card per point, and replaced once in 7 to 10 days; Scientific and reasonable protection of spotted diving flies natural enemies Ji wasps, submarine fly cocoon bees, anti-jaw cocoon bees, these three kinds of parasitic bees have a high parasitism rate of spotted submarine flies, which can inhibit the hatching of eggs and larvae as pests; For the fields where thrips occur at the seedling stage of crops, use yellow or blue armyworm paper to trap insects, use 30 to 50 sheets per 667 square meters, and the bodyworm paper is equal to the height of the plant growth point; Reasonable protection of thrips predators of small flower bugs.
(3) Pharmaceutical prevention and control
a. Aphids. In the early stage of timely medication, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1 000 to 1 500 times liquid, 20% Möbilange (acetamidine) soluble powder 2 000 times liquid or 1.2% matrine and nicotine emulsion 1 000 times liquid spray control, alternate use.
b. South American spotted fly diver. Scientific medicine, generally in the affected crop leaves have 3 to 5 larvae, the insect tract is very small (that is, the larvae before 2 years of age) medication, the control effect is better, with 98% aphid dan raw powder 1 500 times liquid, 1.8% avermectin emulsion 2 500 ~ 3 000 times liquid, 50% fly amine soluble powder 5 000 times liquid alternate spray control, heavy prevention of seedling period.
c. Thrips. The key to grasping the prevention and control period, generally in the initial stage of the occurrence of 0.3% neem emulsion 400 ~ 600 times liquid, 0.1% matrine suspension 1 000 times liquid spray prevention and control; The previous re-occurrence of octanthion, dichlorvos treated soil and coated with film for 2 days; It can also be controlled by alternating sprays such as 2.5% polycycline suspension 1 000 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid soluble powder 1 000 to 1 500 times liquid, 5% fipronil emulsion oil 1 000 to 1 500 times liquid, 18% insecticide double water agent 200 times liquid, 40% Leguo emulsion oil 1 200 times liquid, and the seedling stage to the initial flowering stage is the best application period; It can also be prepared with 20 kg of poisonous soil with 25% insecticidal double water agent 500 mL, and sprinkled on the soil surface around the rhizosphere at the seedling stage and the initial flowering stage to control the land nymph.
d. Beet noctus, twill moth, silver moth and tobacco worm of the nocturnal family: scientific medicine mastered before the larval 3 years, 24% methoxyfenacil nitrile suspension 2 000 ~ 3 000 times liquid, 5% acetyl oligopron emulsion 800 ~ 1 600 times liquid, 5% fluorosomile emulsion 1 600 ~ 2 000 times liquid, 10% insect mite nitrile suspension 900 ~ 1 500 times liquid, 10% cypermethrin emulsion 1 000 ~ 2 000 times liquid, 15% indatel suspension 3 500 ~ 5 000 times liquid, 5% Lice urea emulsion 1 100 to 1 500 times liquid is used alternately. The new agent is appropriately rotated with conventional agents to catch the larvae at a young age. After the larval enters the 3rd instar or when the population density is high, exhausted or improved permethrin agents should be used. The prevention and control time is selected in the evening, and the effect is good, once every 10 days.
e. Small ground tiger. Poisonous bait to trap larvae is generally mixed with stir-fried incense bait such as wheat bran 4 to 5 kg/667 ㎡ + 90% diphtheria 30 times liquid 150 mL + appropriate amount of water, and sprinkled on the field ground in the evening. In view of the pest habits of small-land tigers aged 1 to 3 years, spray the soil surface around the base of the crop with 90% dichlorvos proto-powder 800 times liquid, 50% octylthion emulsion 800 times liquid or 2.5% cypermethrin emulsion 3 000 times liquid at the beginning of the occurrence, and it is better to apply the medicine in the evening.