Do you know why shrimp is called shrimp?
Pinctada longifolia (commonly known as red-tailed shrimp)
A search on the Internet, many people answered: because shrimp are insects, and live underwater, so called shrimp! At first glance, it seems to make sense, but the traditional character for shrimp is "蝦"...
So why is it called a scorpion? In fact, it is very simple, because the ancient "叚" is "霞", 霞 is the sunset xia, "into the soup is red as Xia ye" ("Compendium of Materia Medica"), citing its characteristics into words. Regarding the appearance of shrimp characters, "Erya" was first written 鰕; during the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han, Wang Bao's Chu Ci "Jiu Huai • Tonglu" and "Whale Bird Xi Yu Yu, from 蝦兮游陼" began to use 蝦, and then the two were used simultaneously, and there was no mutual communication, and although the font calligraphy went through hundreds of schools, the feature of "叚" has always been accompanied by left and right.
Shrimp word evolution
This is easy to understand, but because of the simplification of Chinese characters, it is also a wish to be unsatisfactory. In addition, neither the Kangxi Dictionary nor the Wikipedia has a record of the origin of the word "shrimp", let alone the encyclopedias of interaction and Baidu - this article may be the first article to explore the origin of the word shrimp. (Now the wiki has it, that's my contribution)
Of course, chewing words is not interesting, as a popular science article, the most important thing is to solve the "shrimp" understanding! For example:
What is the difference between white shrimp, bass shrimp and roche shrimp?
The relationship between real shrimp and crab is actually more intimate than shrimp?
Why is boston lobster not actually lobster?
Is the Phi Phi shrimp really that powerful?
……
Next, I will study the structure and types of shrimp to solve the doubts one by one.
Pippi shrimp punched the crab claws
p.s：
1, about fish, shrimp and crab shellfish, in addition to the fish has not been written, in accordance with the order of shellfish, crabs, shrimp, this article is the third article;
2. Since the scientific names of Chinese have not yet been fully confirmed, and the commonly known names are complicated, in order to be accurate, this article is accompanied by Latin scientific names;
3. This article is based on the latest data of WoRMS, and corrects many wikipedias, Baidu and other words that have not been updated or scribbled;
4. About 1/3 of the pictures are drawn and photographed by myself (including GIFs), and 2/3 are quoted from Wikimedia Commons and World Scientific Research Websites such as WoRMS, and reorganized and translated.
Shrimp, the definition is narrow and broad, the narrow sense refers to the soft order of the order of true shrimp, such as Taihu white shrimp, Roche giant shrimp, Arctic sweet shrimp; in the broad sense, it includes all arthropods with shrimp characters, such as shrimp, lobster, Pippi shrimp, Antarctic krill and so on. How to distinguish specifically, you must first start with the structure.
<h1>Shrimp say structure</h1>
The morphological characteristics of shrimp are the main basis for classification, such as: gill cavity, mouth organ, spine, and groove on the frontal horn, the length ratio of the third jaw foot and the finger-to-palm, and the difference between the second thoracic foot claw node.
Taxonomic details of shrimp
Shrimp consists of cephalothorax and abdomen, with a total of 21 appendages, including: compound eyes with stalks; first and second antennae with tactile, olfactory and balancing effects; large jaws, first and second small jaws used to hold, cut and grind food; first to third jaw feet to assist feeding and breathing; first to fifth thrombopods for crawling and predation; first to fifth abdominal feet for swimming; and tail fans for lifting and bouncing, which are composed of tail stalks and tail limbs. The foot is also divided into fingers, palms, wrists, length, seats, bases, bottom 7 segments, some species, the first and second steps of the first 3 segments of the foot, usually specialized into movable fingers and immovable fingers, that is, shrimp tongs.
Shrimp structure
The vital organs of shrimp are concentrated on the cephalothorax. Peel off the breastplate, the white sieve on both sides of the shrimp head is gills, which are used to exchange gas; the brown glands are liver and pancreas, which produce digestive enzymes to digest food; the stomach is composed of a cardia stomach and a pyloric stomach, the cardia stomach first grinds food with teeth, the pyloric stomach is filtered with bristles, the filter is discharged through the excretory hole at the base of the second antenna, and the rest is transferred to the midgut wrapped in the liver and pancreas, where food digestion and nutrient storage are carried out, and the final waste product is discharged from the anus through the hind intestine, and the hind intestine is the shrimp line.
Shrimp profile
The ovaries and spermatozoa are also located within the cephalothorax. Like crabs, freshwater species lay fewer eggs, such as Taihu white shrimp with only 6-5,000 grains at a time, while sea shrimp usually have 10-1 million grains; however, unlike crabs, which have only one missionary posture, shrimp unlock more mating positions.
The mating process of shrimp
How to distinguish the sex of shrimp?
Taking shrimp as an example, the male first gastropod internal limb specialized transceiver, the genital foramen is located at the base of the fifth thoracic foot;
Females form disc-shaped seminal vesicles between the fourth and fifth thoracic feet, and the fallopian tubes, the reproductive foramen, are located at the base of the third thoracic foot.
Sex identification of shrimp
As for the shrimp full of seeds, it is not the mother shrimp, and some shrimp, such as the Arctic shrimp, are themselves hermaphrodites.
<h1>Shrimp says a lifetime</h1>
Different shrimp have different life cycles, taking shrimp as an example, generally go through the stages of fertilized eggs, arthropods (6 stages), flea larvae (3 stages), bran shrimp larvae (3 stages), baby shrimp, juvenile shrimp, adult shrimp and so on. Among them, the arthropods have no mouth organs, strong phototropism, do not feed, rely on their own yolk to maintain life activities, and complete 6 molting shells into flea-like larvae in about 2 days; flea larvae form pectoral nails, give birth to 7 pairs of appendages, appear complete mouth organs and digestive organs, begin to feed, after 3 stages (3 days) to develop into bran shrimp; bran shrimp larvae and then through 3 stages (3 days) to develop into baby shrimp, and finally able to prey on small plankton.
The larvae of bran shrimp are caught in large quantities, which is the seafood commonly known as "the last goods" in Qingdao.
Life cycle of shrimp
After talking about the shrimp life event, the next thing is——
<h1>Shrimp says species</h1>
Although the hermit crab is not a crab, but the good villain and the crab are also egg-hugging suborders, just like different cities in the same province, they are always still "family", and the shrimp in the broad sense is different, they are not only different provinces, but even different countries!
Biologists divide the soft shrimp into 3 suborders, of which the leaf shrimp subclass is a primitive taxon, 61 species exist, which looks a bit like shrimp, but has almost nothing to do with shrimp; the other suborder, the shrimp suborder, although there is only 1 oropedic order, only 484 species, but it is very popular with humans, because there is an important seafood member - Pippi shrimp; however, the most important is the euphantachlor subclass, which contains a variety of shrimp and crabs, and currently has 41877 species. Due to too many species, the euphrasiaceae is divided into 3 general orders, of which the proto-shrimp order is also a primitive taxon, with 67 species in existence; although the total order of cystic shrimp is a large group, there are 25135 species, but the body size is generally small, the contribution is not large, like the sea cockroach is even more annoying; the third general order - the real shrimp is the favorite of human beings! It is divided into decapods and krill orders, totaling 16,675 species. Among them, the decapod order is subdivided into 2 suborders of bulbous gills and egg-hugging, the biggest feature of the suborder is that it has a branch-like gill, and it does not hold eggs, all shrimp are members of this suborder, a total of 528 species; the suborder egg-hugging suborder is also called the suborder oombrosem, as the name suggests, this type of female will hatch fertilized eggs on the gastropods. The suborder egg-hugging suborder is also a large group, with statistics of 16061 species, so many, of course, it is more subdivided, so there are 11 lower orders such as no anchovies, crawfish, short tails, real shrimp, and scorpion shrimp. It's far from over! For example, the order Under the true shrimp continues to be divided into 15 general families...
Evolutionary tree of the soft-bellied order
In fact, different English words for shrimp have long been revealed, such as real shrimp is Shrimp, shrimp is called Prawn, Lobster is a nonchalant lobster, lobster is a nonchalant lobster, and crayfish including crayfish are called Crayfish. So what's the difference between Prawn and Shrimp? Usually, shrimp will be larger than real shrimp, but this distinction is very general, if you encounter a small shrimp and a large shrimp, it is very difficult, accurate identification must start from the following 5 characteristics:
5 differences between shrimp and real shrimp
Shell: True shrimp are alternately stacked, and each slice of shrimp is stacked on top of the next
Body: The shrimp have significant bends, while the shrimp are smooth bends
Cheli: There are only 2 pairs of real shrimp, while shrimp is 3 pairs
Gills: True shrimp are leafy, while shrimp are branched
Eggs: The real shrimp hatch with their gastropods, while the shrimp are discharged directly into the water
In addition, according to the different growth environments, shrimp will generally be divided into freshwater shrimp and marine shrimp, this division can be used, but not rigorous, for example, Roche shrimp and hairy crabs, just born need a semi-marine environment, but grow in fresh water, then you say it is freshwater shrimp or marine shrimp?
According to the latest statistics of WoRMS, there are 3684 species of real shrimp, and including all arthropods with shrimp characters, including pippi shrimp and Antarctic krill, there are a total of 6577 species, which are divided into three worlds: decapods, krill and orophopods.
Common 15 families and 24 genera
Next, according to the diagram above, a brief introduction to some common shrimp species.
1. Shrimp:
The name shrimp is said to come from the "name" of Empress Dowager Cixi, but it has not been confirmed, and it is more credible that the past northern custom is to sell in pairs, the shrimp at that time was Chinese shrimp, because the shrimp body is almost transparent, also called shrimp; shrimp is very large, many are not easy to count, one is not good, the market will be popular for a pair of sales, over time, it has become a shrimp.
Ancient northern fish selling chart
The shrimp family is divided into 5 families, of which the shrimp family contains 27 genera.
There are 72 species of red shrimp, commonly known as:
Red shrimp / Metapenaeopsis barbata, commonly known as iron shell shrimp, thick shell shrimp, fire shrimp, etc., mainly distributed in the East China Sea, the South China Sea, the individual is small, 7-12 cm, the surface has a variety of irregular red patches, cooked if burned, due to the thickness of the shell, the price is low, mostly sold in frozen.
Red shrimp Metapapeopsis barbata
Dai's red shrimp / Metapenaeopsis dalei, commonly known as red rib shrimp, mostly found in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, the individual is small, about 6 cm, the body surface is scattered with dark red stripes, the chest, abdomen are red and white, the tail is usually red, generally made into dried seafood.
Dai's red shrimp Metapapeopsis dalei
There are 28 species of new shrimp species, commonly known as:
Metapenaeus ensis, commonly known as sand shrimp, hemp shrimp, basal shrimp, etc., is characterized by teeth on the upper edge of the frontal horn and smooth lower edge. The name of the base fence shrimp comes from the Pearl River Delta, before the offshore fields to build a foundation to prevent waves, called the base fence, but the shrimp like to gather here, fishermen understand, they groped to create "base fence aquaculture". Basal shrimp are generally small, about 8 cm, with thin skin and tender flesh, often used for white burning.
Knife-fronted new shrimp Metapaeus ensis
There are 33 species of shrimp in the genus, commonly including:
Chinese shrimp / Penaeus chinensis, commonly known as prawns, shrimp, oriental shrimp, etc., due to the yellowing of males, females are blue, and also known as "yellow shrimp", "green shrimp". The Classic Shandong "Braised Prawns" made of it have a thin shell and crispy meat and endless aftertaste.
Penaeus chinensis of Chinese shrimp
Japanese shrimp / Penaeus japonicus, commonly known as tiger shrimp, flower shrimp, bamboo shrimp, flower tail shrimp, etc., the north is sometimes called "base shrimp", the biggest feature is that the tail color is like a rainbow, there are brown, yellow, blue, red light colors. Because of its fresh and sweet meat and elastic teeth, Japanese tempura is often used as the main ingredient.
Japanese shrimp Penaeus japonicus
Penaeus monodon, commonly known as grass shrimp, ghost shrimp, black tiger shrimp, cattle shrimp, etc., the overall dark green, is the largest of the shrimp family, up to 33 cm in length. Strong vitality, long-distance transportation is not easy to die, but the shrimp shell is thicker, the edible proportion is lower.
Penaeus monodon
Penaeus vannamei, commonly known as white shrimp, white shrimp, white-limbed shrimp, South American white shrimp and so on. Due to its rapid growth, simple feed, strong vitality and high-density aquaculture, it is very popular with aquaculturists, and for consumers, the price is relatively close to the people.
Penaeus vannamei
There are 12 species of hawk claw shrimp, commonly known as:
Eagle claw shrimp / Trachysalambria curvirostris, commonly known as standing shrimp, ape shrimp, chicken claw shrimp, Yellow Bohai Sea eagle claw shrimp, etc., body length 6-10 cm, belly curved, shaped like eagle claws, thick and rough shell, covered with fine hairs, generally dried into shrimp, "golden hook sea rice" is mainly made of it.
Hawk claw shrimp Trachysalambria curvirostris
Second, pipe whip shrimp:
The first antennae of the left and right whips combine to form a tube, called the pipe whip, the pipe whip shrimp family also belongs to the shrimp family, divided into 10 genera a total of 81 species, of which Plodicus (no Chinese scientific name) and pipe whip shrimp genus are the most economically valuable.
There are only 3 species in the genus Pleoticus, mainly:
Mou's red shrimp / Pleoticus muelleri, commonly known as angel red shrimp, Argentine red shrimp, produced in the Atlantic Argentine sea, because of the use of ship freezing, it is said to be with peony shrimp, Arctic sweet shrimp listed together with the world's three best raw shrimp, but pay attention to remove the shrimp line, if not removed, it is likely to be the world's most difficult to eat.
Mou's red shrimp Plodicus muelleri
Argentine red shrimp entering the Chinese market generally have 3 specifications, and their screening and grading are completed on fishing vessels.
Argentine red shrimp grading
There are 38 species of pipe whip shrimp, commonly including:
Chinese pipe whip shrimp / Solenocera crassicornis, commonly known as red shrimp, thin and smooth shell, red body, similar in size to eagle claw shrimp, 6-8 cm. Due to its small size and poor meat quality, it is generally used as processed food.
Chinese pipe whip shrimp Solenocera crassicornis
The larger pipe whip shrimp / Solenocera melantho, is the larger species of the same genus, up to 15 cm, the price is also more expensive than other pipe whip shrimp, mostly sold fresh and frozen, very popular in Japan.
Large tube whip shrimp Solenocela melantho
3. Cherry shrimp:
There are 3 families in the family Of Cherry Shrimp, of which there are 96 species in 19 genera, the most important of which are the genus Hairy Shrimp and the Genus Sakura Shrimp. Cherry shrimp are characterized by a weak carapace, short frontal horns, and a tendency to degenerate in the fourth and fifth steps.
There are 14 species of hairy shrimp, commonly including:
Chinese hair shrimp / Acetes chinensis, commonly known as shrimp skin, water shrimp, small white shrimp, unique to China. The body size is very small, only 1 to 4 cm, colorless and transparent, only the mouthpiece, the tentacle whip, the tail fan is slightly red, commonly used to make shrimp skin, shrimp paste, shrimp paste.
Chinese shrimp Acetes chinensis
The Japanese hairy shrimp/Acetes japonicus is very similar to the Chinese hairy shrimp, but the smaller and more reliable way to identify it is that the base of the tail limb of this species usually has only 1 large red dot, while the Chinese hairy shrimp is usually a column or a handful of red dots.
Japanese hair shrimp Acetes japonicus
There are 4 species of cherry shrimp, commonly known as:
Cherry shrimp / Sergia lucens, this shrimp is very special, it will glow, also known as luminous cherry shrimp, Taiwan is generally called cherry blossom shrimp, crystal cherry shrimp; body length 3-5 cm, carapace soft thin, body light pink and covered with red dots.
Cherry shrimp Sergia lucens
4. Lobster:
There are two families of lobster and cicada shrimp, and the lobster family is divided into 12 genera and 62 species. In general, lobster meat is drier than crayfish meat, but it is more nutritious, and in addition, the tail of a live lobster is bound to be slightly rolled up.
There are 22 species of lobsters, commonly known as:
Broken ditch lobster / Panulirus interruptus, commonly known as California lobster or Mexican lobster
Japanese lobster/Panulirus japonicus, commonly known as red shell or Taiwanese lobster
Splendid lobster / Panulirus ornatus, commonly known as large lobster, flower lobster, colorful lobster, Australian lobster
Chinese lobster /Panulirus stimpsoni, commonly known as lobster and Golden Gate lobster, mostly inhabits the crevices of the reef
Four common lobster species
5. Cicada shrimp:
The cicada shrimp family is divided into 4 subfamilies and 19 genera, with a total of 90 species. Compared with lobsters, the biggest difference is that the second antennae of cicada shrimp are wide and flat, and do not have a tentacle whip.
There are 8 species of tuan fan shrimp, common such as:
Hairy fan shrimp / Ibacus ciliatus, commonly known as spoon shrimp, slippers lobster, Taiwan is also called shrimp cockroach head. The body color is pink, about 20 cm long, extremely flat, and the edible part is less.
Hairy-edged fan shrimp Ibacus ciliatus
Ibacus novemdentatus, although called nine-toothed, usually has 6 to 8 teeth on the posterior lateral margin, while the hairy-edge fan shrimp has 11 to 12 teeth. The body is flattened , pale yellowish brown , with reddish brown spots , and catches more than the hairy fan shrimp.
Ibacus novemdentatus of the nine-toothed fan shrimp
There are 5 species of flat shrimp, commonly including:
Oriental flat shrimp / Thenus orientalis, up to 25 cm long, resembles the Balman fan shrimp, but the two eye positions are different, the Balman fan shrimp eyes are near the midline, and the oriental flat shrimp eyes are on both sides of the head carapace.
Oriental flat shrimp Thenus orientalis
6. Freshwater lobster:
There are 4 families of crayfish in the lower order, a total of 744 species, and the total family of freshwater lobsters is divided into 3 families, of which the crayfish family is divided into 14 genera and 475 species.
There are 168 species in the genus Proto-Cadmie, commonly known as:
Procambarus clarkii, also known as Louisiana crawfish, commonly known as crayfish, native to the southeastern United States, with a body length of 5.5 to 12 cm, a maximum weight of 50 grams, and a lifespan of about 5 years. Although the crayfish is very adaptable to the environment, it cannot survive if the sewage does not flow and lacks oxygen.
Procambarus clarkii protocellii
It should be noted that the original Northeast black crawfish (also known as cockroach), Nanjing black crawfish, Shi's crayfish and Korean black crawfish, which are the four freshwater lobsters in Mainland China, are now the only genus of pseudo-crawfish in the family Cyprinidae.
Biological relationships of protocrayfish crayfish with food, natural enemies, pathogens and parasites
7. Sea crawfish:
The general family of sea crawfish also belongs to the order crayfish, and there is only one family of sea crawfish under the family, with 56 species in 16 genera.
There are only 2 species of lobsters, the most famous of which are:
American claw lobster / Homarus americanus, commonly known as the American lobster, Boston lobster, body length of 20-60 cm, the longest 1.06 meters, the maximum weight of up to 20.14 kg, the body surface is smooth, the body color is usually olive or greenish brown, orange, black can also be seen, but the probability of seeing blue is only 1/2 million, and yellow is 1/30 million chance.
American lobster Homarus americanus
In appearance, the claw lobster is very similar to the lobster, but in fact, it is very good to distinguish, the claw lobster has a claw, the antennae are relatively short and thin, the lobster is anchovy, and the antennae are long, thick and prickly.
Comparison of crawfish and lobsters
Sea crayfish generally inhabit the deep sea, molt continuously throughout their lives, and almost do not age after maturity, and their age can be inferred by weight, 1 kg is about 16 years old.
8. Drum shrimp:
Drum shrimp, also known as gun shrimp, claws one large and one small, when its large claws close quickly, will spray a stream of water with a speed of up to 100 kilometers per hour, thus triggering the cavity phenomenon, forming a very tiny low-pressure bubble, and when the water pressure returns to normal, the bubble will crack and crackle, like a drum. There are 1129 species in 8 families under the drum shrimp family, and in Bohai Bay, the main ones are:
Distinct drum shrimp / Alpheus digitalis, commonly known as Gaba shrimp, robber shrimp, body length of 3.5 ~ 5.5 cm, body color is mainly tan, many distinct markings. There is a dish called "cold mixed Gaba shrimp".
Distinct drum shrimp Alpheus digitalis
Drum shrimp have a symbiotic relationship with gobies.
9. Spoon finger shrimp:
There is only one family of gymnodyds, 497 species in 45 genera, mainly living in tropical and most temperate freshwater waters, and a small amount of survival in seawater. Spoon finger shrimp are small in size and rich in color, and are mostly used for ornamental purposes.
There are 310 species of rice shrimp, commonly known as:
Caridina multidentata, commonly known as black shell shrimp, crystal shrimp, large and algae shrimp, etc., body length of 2 to 5 cm, there are several dotted lines or dots, mostly silver, is regarded as a scavenger of aquatic weed tanks.
In 2006, it was changed from "Caridina japonica" to "Caridina multidentata"
Guangdong rice shrimp / Caridina cantonensis, a unique ornamental shrimp in China, has a variety of body colors such as red, blue, black, gold, etc., and the requirements for water quality and pH value are relatively high, and it is difficult to raise.
Cantonese rice shrimp Caridina cantonensis
10. Long-arm shrimp:
The long-armed shrimp is characterized by its second pair of pectoral feet long and thick, and the total family is divided into 5 families, a total of 1093 species, of which there are 1073 species in the long-arm shrimp family, which are classified as 136 genera.
There are 253 species of macrobrachium in the genus, commonly including:
Japanese giant river prawn / Macrobrachium nipponense, commonly known as green shrimp, river shrimp, river shrimp, lake shrimp, giant river prawn, hour translucent, long blue-green, frontal horn is the main way to distinguish, the upper edge 10 to 17 teeth, the lower edge 3 to 5 teeth, commonly found in rivers and lakes around the country, to taihu Lake, Chao Lake, etc. the best, Qi Baishi painting shrimp is it.
Nihonnuma-gai Macrobrachium nipponense
One of Qi Baishi's "shrimp fun"
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, commonly known as Roche shrimp, money shrimp, Thai shrimp, freshwater long-arm prawns, the biggest feature is with a pair of brilliant blue foot, usually rich in shrimp yellow, made into garlic Roche shrimp is delicious.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
There are 88 species of long-arm shrimp, generally 5 to 9 cm long, transparent when alive, cooked white, so it is also called white shrimp. Common ones are:
Ann's white shrimp/Palaemon annandalei, also known as short-wristed white shrimp, is only produced in the coastal areas of China.
The Ridgetail White Shrimp/Palaemon carinicauda, which can also be used to make "Golden Hook Sea Rice", is only produced off the coast of China.
Beautiful white shrimp / Palaemon modestus, commonly known as rice shrimp, crystal shrimp, Taihu white shrimp, one of the "Three Whites of Taihu Lake".
Identification of three kinds of white shrimp
11. Long-fronted shrimp:
There are 2 families under the family of long-fronted shrimp, of which there are 19 genera and 195 species of long-fronted shrimp.
There are 43 species of long-fronted shrimp, commonly known as:
Northern long-fronted shrimp / Pandalus borealis, commonly known as Arctic shrimp, Yuanbao shrimp, Arctic sweet shrimp, small in size, tight meat, eat with a faint sweetness;
Northern long-fronted shrimp Pandalus borealis
Pandalus hypsinotus, commonly known as peony shrimp, Mt. Fuji shrimp, and Japanese peony shrimp, is characterized by white spots on the head of the shrimp and ridges on the top.
Pandalus hypsinotus, a high-backed long-fronted shrimp
Pandalus platyceros, commonly known as spotted shrimp, Canadian peony shrimp or Vancouver peony shrimp, is characterized by red and white shrimp whiskers, white stripes on the head, and white spots on the shrimp body.
Broad-legged long-fronted shrimp Pandalus platyceros
Canada's BC WILD SHRIMP, is a variety of long-fronted shrimp collective name, The Chinese generally call it peony shrimp, peony shrimp meat is soft and tender, the entrance is melted, has the reputation of the king of shrimp.
XII. Shrimp:
There are 241 species in 4 families under the order Of shrimp, of which the shrimp family is divided into 13 genera and 193 species.
There are 8 species of shrimp in the genus Oyster shrimp, commonly known as:
Gourmet Oyster shrimp / Austinogebia edulis, commonly known as shrimp monkeys, Dalian, Yantai, Lukang can be seen, body length of 4 to 6 cm, living in the intertidal zone of mud beach, each hole only one, the hole is Y-shaped, there are 2 exits.
Gourmet shrimp Ostinogebia edulis
There are 124 species in the genus Slug shrimp, commonly known as:
Giant scorpion shrimp / Upogebia major, commonly known as scorpion shrimp, sea bees, compared to the gourmet Oyster shrimp, Bohai Sea, Yellow Beach tu is more common is the giant scorpion shrimp, people often on the beach with brushes to catch.
Giant shrimp Ascendebia major
13. Krill:
Krill are divided into 2 families and 16 genera with a total of 86 species, of which there is only 1 species of deep-sea krill, that is, the most primitive deep-sea krill, and the only krill that does not emit light, while the other family, the krill family, all emit light, with 85 species in 15 genera. Although small, only 1 to 2 centimeters, they are a key species at the bottom of the earth's food chain, and Antarctic krill alone can produce more than 500 million metric tons of biomass energy per year, about twice that of humans.
Whale sharks feed on krill
Although krill also have 5 pairs of foot walking feet on their abdomen, bare gills and no jaw feet, which emit light, etc., are still easy to distinguish from other shrimps.
The structure of krill
There are 31 species of krill, commonly including:
Pacific krill/Euphausia pacifica, spherical in the shape of the eye, 1 to 2 cm long. Krill is not only found in Antarctica, for example, there are also Pacific krill in the East China Sea.
Pacific Krill Euphausia pacifica
Beautiful krill / Euphausia superba, commonly known as large krill, Antarctic krill, body length of 4 to 6 cm, with its main raw material krill oil is becoming more and more popular, by environmentalists strongly opposed.
Beautiful krill Uphausia superba
14. Shrimp and worms:
Shrimp maggots belong to the order Oropedera, and the name of the order Kouzu is derived from the fact that the second pair of jaw feet of the shrimp slug mouthpiece is specialized into a catching foot, and the catchy foot is also called "skimming foot", which is also the source of the name of the suborder shrimp skimmer. There are 7 families, a total of 484 species, coastal China occupies ¹/₅, ranging in size from a few centimeters to 40 centimeters, the largest record is up to 46 centimeters; according to the second pair of jaw feet different capture methods, it is divided into two types: puncture type and crush type.
Comparison of the size of shrimp and cockroaches
The total family of finger shrimp is divided into 7 families, of which there is only 1 tooth finger shrimp maggot genus, which has 8 species, common such as:
Cicada-toothed finger shrimp maggot / Odontodactylus scyllarus, commonly known as mantis shrimp, colorful mantis shrimp, patterned blue shrimp, etc., colorful, body length up to 18 cm. This shrimp worm is a crushing type, which can hit the prey at a speed of 80 km / h in 1/50 of a second, and in order to save physical strength, it will also choose the weak parts of the prey.
Cicada-toothed finger shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus
There are only 49 genera in this family, of which there are 3 species of shrimp and shrimp, the most important of which are:
Mouth shrimp maggot / Oratosquilla oratoria, commonly known as Pippi shrimp, esse shrimp, mantis shrimp, rich shrimp, spoon shrimp, etc., belongs to the piercing type, the most widely distributed, the largest yield, is the main material of Hong Kong typhoon shelter dish "salt and pepper urine shrimp", steaming is also extremely delicious.
Mouth shrimp maggot Oratosquilla oratoria
Other interesting facts about shrimp and maggots:
Humans only have 3 kinds of opsins, red, blue and green, while shrimp and maggots have 12 species, so that they can see richer colors than humans, and may be the most developed creatures with visual systems on The earth;
Visual wavelength of shrimp worms
Shrimp maggots have a more firm attitude towards their partners than humans, and once they are combined, the females focus on laying eggs in the cave, while the males go out hunting and stay separated for the rest of their lives;
Technique for distinguishing between male and female shrimp: The third pair of males has 1 pair of smaller appendages on the edge of the gastropod, and the female does not.
Although it is said that the research is so in-depth, it takes quite a long time, and in the end it is also for the sake of eating... But don't say, such research is still meaningful, in the long run, in order to maintain the ecological balance, know which shrimp should not be eaten, which shrimp should be eaten in moderation, and more realistic is that it will distinguish between various shrimp, not to be shoddy by profiteers, fish eyes, and become a knowledge-based person, which is also very interesting.
Then, the next article will study the interesting eating methods and catching.