<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > the colorful city of Erenhot </h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > dinosaurs haunt the Geopark</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" >--Cycling Documentary and Caprice Record of the First Stop in China (22).</h1>
At about 8:00 o'clock, we arrived at the milestone of 111km of Erguang Highway and began the journey to Erlianhot; the Erguang Expressway (G55), a major artery running through the north and south of China, is the 6th column in the national highway network, from Erenhot City on the border between China and Mongolia in the north to Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province in the south; in the Inner Mongolia section, it is now a first-class highway (which will be rebuilt as a highway in the future), so it is only marked as Erguang Highway; although the road under the rut is called Erguang Highway, it is still far from Erlian. Still riding on the vast land of Sunit Right Banner; the Erguang Highway in this area is very quiet, it is rare that few cars pass, but it seems that it has been uphill all the time, so it is not fast to ride.
At about 9:00 a.m., we arrived at the milestone of 95 km from Erenhot, where the grassland has formed a desertified grassland due to lack of water, the grassland in this area has basically no vegetation, the desertification on the roadside is getting more and more serious, a desert Gobi scene, riding for nearly two hours, I did not see any cattle or sheep on the grassland (I don't know if it is known as forbidden grazing); it was not until 10:47 that I saw a herd and a flock of sheep on the side of the road.
At 11:20 a shepherd on a donkey was seen on the side of the road; these areas were as deserted as they had been seen when they first entered the border of the Xi League, or what is the sentence: If we say that the Durbert steppe under the Banner of the Four Sons is more desertified, then the desertification here is even worse.
At 11:37, we arrived at the boundary of Erenhot - Erenhot City is located in the north of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, west of the Xilin Gol League, latitude 42 ° 55 '-43 ° 53 ', longitude 111 ° 17 '-112 ° 25 ', and mongolia Zamen Ude city, the distance between the two cities is 9 kilometers; the jurisdiction area is 4015.1 square kilometers, the urban built-up area is 18 square kilometers; Erlianhot is the largest road and railway port opened to Mongolia by China, known as China's north gate The national border is 68.29km long, 720km away from Beijing, 380km away from Hohhot, 7623km away from Moscow, the capital of Russia, 714km away from Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, the Ji (Ning) 2 (Lianhot) Railway, the 208 National Highway (Erguang Highway), the 309 Provincial Highway transit.
The earliest inhabited place in the area was the Salt Pond , Erlian Salt Pond , 9 kilometers northeast of the city , known in Mongolian as "Erendabu Sannur", meaning "colorful salt lake", and "Erenhot" is Mongolian, meaning the city of colorful lakes. The ancient names "Jade Dragon", "Yilin" and the continuing name "Erlian" are all transliterations of the Mongolian word "Erren", and the name of the city is from the name of the lake. "Erlian" as a false pronunciation of "Erren", meaning "colorful", "Hot" means "city", "Erlianhot" as the Mongolian Chinese transliteration is naturally the city of "Colorful", "Erren" is a beautiful description of the desert Gobi scenery by herders, with the artistic conception of a mirage.
As early as the primitive society, there were ancient nomadic tribes, the Spring and Autumn Warring States period was Lin Hudi, also known as Dong hudi; the Xiongnu migrated here during the Qin and Han Dynasties, wuheng and Xianbei entered the residence in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Turks migrated from the Sui and Tang dynasties; the Liao was the moge lost tribe land, the Jin was the Wanggu tribal land, the Yuan belonged to the Shangdu Sunit Otok land, set up a jade dragon stack; the Ming Dynasty called Sunit Otok, and in 1820 the Qing Dynasty (25 years of Qing Jiaqing) set up "Yilin" station. In 1899 (the fifteenth year of Guangxu), the Qing government set up a telephone line from Zhangjiakou to Kulun (present-day Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), set up a telegraph office, and incorporated the landmark into the atlas of the time, known as "Erlian";
On April 3, 1956, the Administrative Office of xilin gol league decided to establish erlian town under sunit right banner, and on July 14, 1957, the people's committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to upgrade erlian town to the flag county level, and appended the word "haote" (Mongolian meaning city) after "erlian", which belonged to xilin gol league; in January 1966, it was approved by the State Council to establish a city, and in January 1985, it was approved by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to become a separate planned city of the autonomous region - upgraded to a quasi-prefecture-level city. In June of the same year, the State Council officially approved the city as a Class A open city; in 1992, Erenhot was listed by the State Council as one of the 13 cities along the border, and on June 5, 2014, the State Council agreed to set up a national key development and opening pilot zone in Erenhot.
The new joint inspection building of Erenhot Highway Port is located at the northernmost end of Qianjin Road, covering an area of 343,000 square meters, the maximum freight throughput is 2.4 million tons / year, the passenger traffic is 3 million person-times / year, there are joint inspection buildings, customs special inspection area cargo inspection buildings, freight customs declaration buildings, border inspection barracks and other supporting port supervision and other facilities; the new joint inspection area has four in, four out and eight channels, the north exit is connected with the Mongolian border, and the south exit is connected to the Erguang Highway (208 National Highway) through the urban area; Life services are integrated, and customs declaration and inspection and tax collection can be completed at one time. The national gate and boundary monument here are unique tourist attractions in Erenhot City - there was a no. 357 double boundary monument on the border between China and Mongolia (no. 357 boundary monument completed its mission in 2003 to become a historical site), and on August 15, 2003, the newly built No. 815 large granite double-standing boundary monument replaced the original No. 357 concrete boundary monument;
The old national gate was built in 1984, and the new national gate broke ground in 2003 and was put into use in 2005 - the new national gate spans the double track of the railway port, spanning 39m, 22.5m high and 70.39m long; Zamenwude port is mongolia's largest land port, across the border from Erenhot; the main attractions in the city include the station building in the style of Chinese and Western architecture, the European-style station square, the Su and Baato monuments, etc.
The terrain of Erenhot is flat, slowly sloping from southwest to northeast, with an average altitude of 932.2m; there is no river on the surface, but there are ancient rivers passing through the ground; affected by Mongolian high pressure, it belongs to the middle temperate continental monsoon climate and arid desert grassland climate - dry and rainy spring, short and hot summer, high and cool autumn, long and cold winter; there are no flowers blooming here, but there is a world-endangered natural plant Mongolian almond; here a variety of wild animals and humans get along well. Wild animals include yellow sheep, foxes, hares, etc., and endangered animals such as pan sheep and yellow sheep live naturally with domestic animals, showing the gentleness and integration of natural ecology everywhere.
Riding on the Erlian grassland where desertification is more serious, it is naturally a very boring and boring thing, and after nearly two hours of riding, at 13:20 to reach the milestone of 49km from the Erlian, there is still no trace of herdsmen and cattle and sheep, and after riding for half an hour, only at 15:20 on the grassland next to the road, I saw the sheep, saw the moving objects, in the quiet Liao Desert grassland, of course, there will be an inexplicable excitement and happiness, in fact, there are some companions, You will not feel lonely on the way to the ride; of course, the closer you get to the second company, the more scenery, attractions or buildings you will have in your view;
The next ride arrives at 15:46 and crosses the Erenhao toll station, and the cyclist is approaching Erenhot step by step, step by step into the northernmost border and traffic port in the middle of the country.
At about 17:00, we arrived at the intersection of Eren Zhuoer, which is only 19km away from Erenhot, but the sign indicates that there are still 45km to Erenzhuoer - more than ten species of typical Cretaceous dinosaur fossils and cenozoic paleogene mammal fossils have been excavated in the Eren zhuoer basin, and the Eren zhuoer mentioned here is the narrow sense of the Erenhot Basin, which is only a small depression basin in the broad sense of the Erenhot Basin, including only the late Cretaceous stratigraphic distribution area in the north of Erenhot. The excavation of Erenhot must start from the tectonic units of the Erlian area -
The geotectonic units in the Erlian area belong to the Huali West Trough in eastern Inner Mongolia, bordering the taipei edge of North China; the crust of the early Paleozoic region is in a stretched state, depositing a set of shallow metamorphic rocks, which are marine sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks; the Late Paleozoic mainly deposits a set of marine sedimentary rocks, with local visible volcanic rock distribution, and the earth's crust is dominated by Lazhang; the Carboniferous Benbatu Formation in this region is built for volcanic compound stones, the early Permian is built for terrestrial source clastics - carbonate construction and volcano-complex stone construction, and the late Paleozoic is built for terrestrial source clastics. Forming a complete sedimentary spiral from sea advance to sea retreat; at the end of the Permian, a large area of sea retreat occurred in this area, and the land crust continued to grow to the ocean, and after a development process of 1600 Ma, the Siberian Plate and the North China Plate finally docked at the end of the Late Paleozoic Era, forming a unified ancient Asian continent.
The Mesozoic region entered the stage of development of Erenhot, and the discussion of the geological development history of Erenhot cannot but involve the broad sense of Erenhot - the broad Erenhot refers to the north-east, north-east to narrow strip basin from Erenhot to the south of the East Uzumuqin Banner and north of the Sunit Left Banner Maoden; this basin is controlled by regional faults, consisting of a series of north-east or north-north-east depressions and bumps, and develops on the Permian base of the late Huali West Fold Belt; into the Yanshan Period (i.e., the Mesozoic Era), Due to the subduction and squeezing effect of the Pacific Plate on the Asian continent, the entire eastern continental edge of China has entered another period of tectonic activity, which is mainly manifested in strong folding, fracture and volcanic eruption activity, and has caused a series of north-east and north-east east uplifts and depressions; the Erenhot Group is the north-eastward basin formed in the early and middle Jurassic period of this period - the basin deposits of river, limnological clastic rocks, coal and oil shale, thus achieving the main coal and oil production areas in Inner Mongolia.
The Early Cretaceous was the heyday of basin development, and experienced a continuous and stable sedimentary environment - the sedimentation of a river-lake sand mudstone and the dark mud shale of the deep lake phase, the deposition of combustible organic salts, the thickness of the diptych sedimentation reached 2200 to 3000 meters; this period, is the most prosperous period of dinosaurs, so it has the reputation of "dinosaur land", the late Cretaceous subdivision settlement rate and scope increased, the deposition of a set of Cretaceous coarse gravel rocks, called the construction of abrasive grains; the overall rise of the crust at the end of the Cretaceous period, The development history of the Mesozoic sedimentary basin ended - making it a "dinosaur cemetery" and one of the production areas of dinosaur fossils.
The Cenozoic region is dominated by lifting movements, and on the basis of the Mesozoic Erlianhot, a Tertiary depression-type sedimentary basin was formed, and a set of river facies of sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone were deposited. The early (late Paleocene) stage of the basin is the narrow Erenhot Basin, the sedimentary range is not large, from the north to the city of Erenhot, south to Honggel, west to Errennur - east of Weijing, east to Erdaojing - Chagan Ao Bao line, about 60 km wide, 200 km long, in a north-east-south-west band spread; then the water gradually expanded, the sedimentary range expanded, north to the north of Erenhot, east to Sunit Left Banner, west to the west of Tenggernor, about 150 km wide and 300 km long, The Erenhot Basin in the broad sense mentioned above has been achieved.
During the Late Paleocene-Eocene period, the basin was dominated by lacustrine sedimentation, and the sedimentary center was in the Nyingmugen-Bayan-Huheborhe area, a set of red mudstones containing gypsum was deposited; the climatic conditions at that time may be relatively dry and hot, the lake water was not too deep, the calcium sulfate solution was evaporated and concentrated, forming large and small gypsum deposits; the breeding of mesomorphs, fish and turtles in the lake, abundant aquatic grasses on the lakeshore, and a large number of herbivores and insectivores survived and multiplied.
Because the lake is deep and shallow, the dry period mammals can wade in the center of the lake basin, sometimes, pouring rain, flash floods, mud and gravel, many mammals were suddenly attacked, buried together; the late Eocene basin gradually lifted, the lake water from the northeast to the southwest, the sedimentary center shifted to near the Shalamulun River, so the sedimentary thickness of the Sharamulun Formation was the thickest near Ulasu, gradually thinning to the east, only about 10 meters near Erden Ao Bao, and then gradually tipping to the east At the end of the Eocene, all of Elijahhots arose, causing a brief sedimentary hiatus.
The Oligocene basin descended again, accepting alternating accumulations of river facies, flood plains and limnological facies, so that three sedimentary sub-rotational gyrus can be clearly seen on the cross-section, each of which begins with gravel-containing coarse-grained feldspar sandstone and ends with brown-red mudstone (including gypsum and lapis lazuli flakes); due to the differential rise and fall of the Himalayan movement, the lake water is often turbulent and the climate fluctuates many times, warm and humid - the hot and dry cycle alternates, and the surrounding area of the basin may be sparsely forested grassland and turbid grass is luxuriant. For large-scale plant-eating plants such as the great horned thunder beast, amphibian rhinoceros, giant rhinoceros and other mammals inhabit and reproduce, this period is also the period of large herbivorous mammals (big horned thunder beast, amphibian rhinoceros, giant rhinoceros, etc.) mammals flourish, so it is also known as the "homeland of large mammals"; the late Oligocene Erenhot has risen again, until the decline of the eastern edge of the basin in the late Miocene to accept new sediments, the lake basin has also shrunk significantly - making this also one of the large mammal fossils.