The high temperature season is coming, and these common diseases of pigs need to be vigilant!
Text/Smallholder Farmer
This year's high temperature came a little suddenly, this has just arrived in The summer, it is already extremely hot, and for our majority of pig farmers, the summer high temperature can not be ignored, because when the climate is hot and humidity, a little carelessness in management will cause pigs to get sick, lose fat, slow growth and other issues. Therefore, small farmers will bring pig farmers a summer pig breeding common disease prevention and control technology to ensure the efficiency of pig breeding and pig health. Well, not much gossip, dry goods are coming, be sure to remember to collect Oh!
First, diseases caused by high temperatures
Pigs are thermostatic animals, sweat glands are not developed, heat dissipation is slow, therefore, pigs are very intolerant to heat. The temperature requirements of different stages of the pig herd are also different, focusing on: breeding boars, 17-21 °C; pregnant sows, 18-21 °C; nursing sows, 20-22 °C; nursing piglets, 29-33 °C; nursery piglets, 22-25 °C; fattening pigs, 19-22 °C.
1. Heat stress, solar radiation disease
When the heat production of pigs is greater than heat dissipation, and the body temperature is too high, it is prone to heat stress reaction. Heat stress and solar radiation disease are manifestations of heat stroke in pigs.
Primary symptoms
The body temperature of pigs changes with temperature changes, low in the morning and high in the afternoon. Heat stress, solar radiation disease will make the pig body temperature rise to about 40 ~ 41 ° C, pigs have poor mental state, tired and anorexia, tail trembling, limb weakness, walking and swaying, breathing difficulties, runny nose. Purple spots appear on the skin and ears, acupressure fades, the conjunctiva of the eye is hyperemia and redness, and vomiting is often present. Drinking very little water, heavier pigs are extremely lethal. In severe cases, the body temperature rises above 42 ° C. He ended up in a coma, lying on the ground, limbs scratching, and dying of heart-lung failure.
Treatment options
Move the sick pig to a well-ventilated, shady place, separate fence, bleed at the tip of the ear and tail end, apply alcohol to the head, rectal with cold water, and keep plenty of cool drinking water.
Do a good job of cooling work, reduce the feeding density, install fans or air coolers, water curtains to cool down; in the case of good ventilation, you can flush the barn, sows, nursery piglets are not recommended to wash.
Intravenous infusion, glucose saline 500 to 1000 ml.
Improve feeding patterns (less and more meals, wet feeding). Feed wheat bran water, green feed, add a little salt to the feed. If the pig does not eat the feed, it is given an enema and laxative. If the effect is still not ideal, use laxatives, commonly used laxative drugs such as pycnogenol, neostigmine and so on.
Chlorpromazine per kilogram of body weight 2 to 3 ml + metamizole 2 to 6 ml, mixed after intramuscular injection, 3 times a day.
Sodium camphor sulfonate 5 to 10 ml, or sodium plus 2 to 10 ml, once intramuscularly.
Intravenous injection of 250 to 500 ml of normal saline and enemas with normal saline.
Unconscious pigs can drip their noses with ginger juice or garlic juice.
Small farmers highlight: The treatment principle of this disease is to make the pigs quiet and calm, while paying attention to heat prevention and cooling. In the hot season, we must pay attention to maintaining ventilation in the pig house, avoid humidity and stuffiness, prevent pigs from being heated and heat stroke, and drink sufficient water.
2. Parasitic diseases
Parasitic diseases are mostly manifested as "subclinical symptoms", generally have no obvious manifestations, rarely lead to a large number of deaths in pigs, parasitic infections will cause reduced feed utilization, growth rate decline and other issues. Common parasitic diseases in summer farms include the following.
1. Toxoplasmosis of pigs
The disease is mainly caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and is a zoonotic disease. There are more than 200 species of animals that can be infected, including humans, pigs, dogs, cats and other animals that may be carried. Among them, the infection rate of pigs is the highest, if the disease appears in the pig farm, it will soon be transmitted to other healthy pigs, and if the disease occurs in the pig farm, the mortality rate can be as high as 60%.
Clinical manifestations are mainly elevated body temperature, pregnant sows have miscarriage, stillbirth, etc., if the disease is serious, it will cause pig death in about a week, and seriously ill pigs will die in about 1 week. Acute disease pigs are manifested by elevated body temperature, serous discharge from nostrils, dyspnea, significant enlargement of lymph nodes on the surface of the body, congestion spots or cyanosis in the chest and abdomen, and the main lesions are obvious enlargement of the lungs, bleeding spots and gray-white necrosis lesions on the surface.
Cats, dogs, chickens and other animals are prohibited from entering the pig pen to prevent feces from contaminating pig feed and drinking water.
Do a good job of rat prevention and rat extermination work in the pigsty, prohibit pigs from eating rats or other animal carcasses; prohibit feeding pigs with slaughter or kitchen garbage and raw broth water to prevent pigs from eating the trophozoites and sacs in sick and insectated animals and infected. Miscarriages of fetuses and excrement also contain trophozoites and should be strictly disinfected.
Pig houses should be kept clean, disinfected regularly, and 1% Lysol, 3% caustic soda, 20% lime water, etc. should be used.
Feeding pigs more than 100 grams of large green leaves every day for 5 to 7 days can prevent the onset of disease and shorten the course of the disease.
Sulfahexamethyl + dimethoxybenzyl trimethoprim is combined. According to the principle of using 30 to 70 mg per 1 kg of body weight, intramuscular injection once a day for 3 to 5 days to observe its therapeutic effect. Key tips: Carefully select severely ill pigs.
Sulfadiazine (SD) 70 mg per 1 kg of body weight, plus trimethoprim (TMP) or dimethoprim (DVD) 14 mg per 1 kg of body weight, orally twice a day for 3 to 5 days.
Small farmers highlight: because sulfa drugs are ineffective against the cystic worms in pigs in the late stage of toxoplasmosis, the earlier the treatment, the better, and the treatment course should be sufficient.
3. Viral diseases
1. Swine fever
Swine fever is known to be an acute, hot, high-exposure infectious disease caused by swine fever virus with a high mortality rate. In recent years, swine fever has been effectively controlled due to the use of vaccines. However, due to the punctuality of the injection time of the vaccine by farmers and the arbitrariness of immunization, swine fever occurs from time to time, especially in the vast rural areas, swine fever is still the most important swine disease.
The image is selected from the internet
There are different degrees of bleeding in the skin, serous membranes, mucous membranes, and internal organs throughout the body. Swollen lymph nodes throughout the body, juicy, congested, bleeding, purple-black appearance, marble-like incision, pale kidney color, cortex with needle tips to millet-shaped bleeding spots, spleen has cold stems, more common at the edges, showing small purple patches of color, laryngeal mucosa and tonsils bleeding. There are scattered bleeding spots in the bladder mucosa, catarrhal inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa (a mild exudative inflammation of the mucosal tissue), and button-shaped ulcers are formed at the ileo blind flap of the large intestine.
There is no specific treatment for swine fever and must rely on immunization with highly effective vaccines for prevention.
Regular preventive injections, in the spring and autumn of each year, in addition to the general injection of swine fever rabbit weakened vaccine for adult pigs, weaned piglets and newly purchased pigs must be timely prevented and injected. The swine fever rabbit weakened vaccine is diluted with normal saline according to the instructions of the bottle, and the large and small pigs are injected intramuscularly, and immunity can be generated 4 days after injection. At present, there are three main vaccines on the market to prevent swine fever: swine fever live vaccine (I) milk rabbit seedlings, (II) cell seedlings, and (I) lymphatic spleen seedlings.
In areas where swine fever is often affected, piglets are injected once at 25 to 30 days old after birth, and then injected again after weaning of 55 to 60 days old piglets, and the protection rate can reach 100%.
Vaccinating pregnant sows can enhance the ability of mothers and children to resist swine fever virus. Preventive injections are usually given one and a half months before sows give birth.
Strengthen feeding management, regularly disinfect pigsty, improve the overall disease resistance of the pig herd, and eliminate the purchase of pigs from epidemic areas. Newly purchased pigs should be isolated for observation for 30 days, confirmed to be disease-free, and injected with swine fever vaccine before mixing.
During swine fever epidemics, feeding utensils are disinfected every 3 to 5 days. After disinfection of sick pigs, completely eliminate feces and dirt, eradicate the topsoil, pad with new soil, and pig manure should be accumulated and fermented.
4. Bacterial diseases
Because of bacteria, pigs have a lot of diseases, and there are two main types of explanations here.
1. Swine streptococcal disease
Streptococcus is widely distributed in nature, and can be developed in pigs of all ages, but sepsis and meningoencephalitis are more common in piglets, and purulent lymphadenitis is more common in medium-sized pigs. Sick pigs and fungal pigs are the main sources of infection, and wounds are important routes of transmission. The disease can occur all year round, and it occurs frequently in spring and autumn, showing endemic characteristics.
(Image source: Oriental IC)
Acute generally without any symptoms that is, death, the course of the disease can be seen to rise in body temperature of 41.5 ~ 42 ° C or more, mental atrophy, difficulty breathing; constipation, fecal dryness; conjunctival cyanosis, suddenly fall to the ground, visible from the nasal cavity out of the reddish end-like liquid. The main manifestations of these pigs are arthritis, pneumonia and sepsis, which can lead to death when severe.
Penicillin 800,000 to 1.8 million international units, combined with streptomycin mixed intramuscular injection, for 3 days.
Erythromycin 25-1.25 million international units, 5% glucose injection 50 to 100 ml, diluted intravenously once a day, for 3 days, compound sulfa-5-methoxypyrimidine 5 to 20 ml intramuscularly, 2 times a day, for 3 days.
The amount of gentamicin used can reach 1 to 2 ml, injected by intramuscular injection, injected twice a day, and continuously used the drug for 4 to 5 days to observe its therapeutic effect.
In purulent lymphadenitis, the suppurative site is incised and drained, followed by debridement with 1% avano, followed by the wound with erythromycin ointment.
2, piglet yellow, white diarrhea
Caused by pathogenic E. coli, of which yellow diarrhea is mainly occurred in piglets aged 3 to 7 days, while diarrhea is more common in piglets aged 15 to 45 days. Another pathogen of piglet diarrhea is rotavirus, which has a high incidence but a low mortality rate.
Piglet yellow diarrhea: watery thin stool, yellow or gray-yellow, containing small pieces of curd and small bubbles. Sick pigs are thirsty, eat less milk, dehydrated, emaciated, comatose, and exhausted. Piglet diarrhea: Piglets suddenly thin, the same nest occurs one after another, milky white, off-white or yellowish white, fishy, mushy or slurry stool. Piglets are mentally weak, cold intolerant, dehydrated, eat less or not eat, and sometimes spit up milk. Generally, the condition of sick pigs is mild, timely treatment can be cured, but most of them form zombie pigs due to repeated attacks, and when severe, pig fecal incontinence occurs, and they die in about 1 week.
Sows should be injected with E. coli seedlings 15 to 30 days before giving birth.
Piglet xanthosis can be prevented by microbial preparations: for example, by promoting bacterial growth, regulating bacterial growth, milk Kangsheng, etc., to regulate the balance of the intestinal microflora of piglets, thereby inhibiting E. coli. Or immunization with vaccines: pregnant sows are given 30 and 15 days before delivery, and the vaccine is selected for genetically engineered vaccines of E. coli. E. coli K88, K99 and 987P trivalent inactivated bacterial seedlings or E. coli K88, K99 bivalent genetically engineered inactivated seedlings to protect piglets through breast milk.
Piglet diarrhea can be used to clear heat, dry and wet diarrhea: four yellow diarrhea granules, prevention amount of 100 grams of mixing 300 pounds, the therapeutic amount is doubled, continuous use for 5 to 7 days. Alternatively, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol intramuscular injection, or internal administration of oxytetracycline powder or haloperic acid, for more than 3 days.
The above content is the small farmers for everyone to sort out the prevention and control of common diseases of summer pigs, in addition to a piece of content about the summer management of pig farms, as long as you pay attention to the "Sichuan Rural Observation" WeChat public account can be consulted, well, today's sharing is here, small farmers to go to rest, bye-bye!
bibliography:
[1] Knife Chunlei. Research on the prevention and treatment of common diseases in summer pig breeding[J].Rural Practical Technology,2018,(04):40~41
Chen Lei. Common diseases and prevention of pigs in summer[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2009,30(02):191~192
Zhou Xingya,Zhao Gang,Wang Wei. Treatment and prevention of common diseases in summer pigs[J].Agricultural Technology Service,2013,30(08):875~876