Friends who watch modern blockbusters in Europe and the United States know that salmon is indispensable for foreigners' gatherings, especially business activities. Japanese sushi is exquisite, with plenty of salmon ingredients. With the development of the economy, we Chinese high-end banquets, gatherings, salmon on the table, and even home cooking, and more and more people use salmon. In the frozen area of large supermarkets, boxed salmon and salmon heads can be found, the price is higher than many seafood, and the sales volume is still considerable. Many of us in the post-80s did not see salmon when we were young, and now there are so many, where does it come from? How much is the output?
Delicious salmon
The name salmon was first coined in China in Hong Kong and Macao. With the development of world economic globalization, japan, South Korea and China, Hong Kong and Macao, which are closely related to Europe and the United States, are infected by a lot of Western food culture, first accept salmon, salmon English name is Salmon, pronounced similar to salmon in Cantonese, so it has always been used to call salmon.
Looking up the information, salmon explain a lot, including many species of salmon, it is really difficult to distinguish which is more accurate. Consumption is huge now, and even in Europe and the United States, where it is mainly consumed, many salmon species are sold as salmon. So salmon refers to the product of a fish, not specifically to some kind of fish.
To be sure, there are several points, first of all, salmon is salmon, also known as salmon, northern trout, salmonids, carnivorous. Alaskan brown bears can often be seen hunting salmon in the animal world, and Brown bears in Northern Europe hunting salmon.
Secondly, salmon are cold-water fish, which grow in temperate areas deeply affected by cold currents in the northern and southern hemispheres, such as the North Atlantic, Alaska, the Sea of Okhotsk, chile off the coast of Argentina, etc. Norway in the North Atlantic is the world's largest exporter of salmon, Chile's salmon production near temperate zones in the southern hemisphere is the second largest in the world, and salmon near Alaska is the dominant salmon species in the U.S. market.
Most salmon are migratory , ( some salmon have a land-enclosed type , such as Atlantic salmon ) , breed in freshwater , and grow in the sea.
Most salmon are salmonids, now many places freshwater cultured rainbow trout grow in freshwater, but also salmon family, but it is a subfamily salmon, the flesh is similar to salmon, and now many authoritative organizations also classify their production into salmon production, such as Norway, Chile's aquatic department statistics are rainbow trout included in salmon, and the United States clearly states that rainbow trout can not be marked with salmon. That is to say, those salmon species that have no objection are of the salmon family, and trout (except for the salmon genus called northern trout) are generally subfamily salmon.
Migratory salmon
The largest consumer market for salmon is Europe and the United States, and many habits in the United States have been brought by European immigrants, considering that it was impossible to transport salmon from abroad to Europe in the past. Now one of the main salmon producing areas is the North Atlantic, the nordic countries produce the world's leading, so the most authentic salmon is the Atlantic salmon, the famous Norwegian salmon is also referred to as the Atlantic salmon, is the country in order to distinguish other regions salmon paste.
Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean are more diverse as salmon, including red salmon (red salmon, red salmon), pink salmon (pink salmon, humpback salmon, humpback salmon, pink salmon), masu salmon (masu salmon, cherry trout), Alaskan salmon (salmon), king salmon (salmon), king salmon (salmon with large scales), silver salmon (silver salmon, silver trout) and so on. These Pacific salmon are produced in Alaska and are abundantly supplied to the U.S. market, so they are also genuine salmon. As a freshwater rainbow trout, it is also a Pacific salmon, but it is a subfamily of salmon.
Native to the North Atlantic, Atlantic salmon, as the most authentic species of salmon, has been heavily fished over the past few decades, with populations falling by 80% and endangering extinction. Wild Atlantic salmon now exist only in Finland, Norway, Iceland and Scotland. The vast majority of Atlantic salmon in the market are farmed. Atlantic salmon can spawn multiple times in a lifetime, while Pacific salmon spawn once in a lifetime and die, except for rainbow trout.
Salmon sashimi
Imperial salmon, the largest, can grow to 1.5 meters, the largest weight of 60 kilograms, other species of salmon are not as good as it, called imperial salmon is not exaggerated, is the best of salmon, but the output accounts for only 1% of salmon production. Astaxanthin is the main reason for the orange-red flesh of salmon, and the astaxanthin content of the monarch salmon is higher than that of Norwegian salmon, with a deeper orange-red color. King salmon has a peculiar taste, high oil content, a very lubricating taste, a delicate texture, melts in the mouth, and is a favorite of top chefs. Many of Japan's top sashimi use it.
China's Heilongjiang, Jilin also has salmon distribution, there are Masu salmon, ordinary salmon, humpback salmon. They are all authentic salmon. The Mahsu salmon has a subspecies of it in Taiwan, the Taiwan salmon, which is an exception, and is the only salmon in the world that can live in the subtropics. Because the yield is very small, I don't know if there is any salmon as a genuine product. In Tibet, there is also a species of Yadong salmon, which belongs to the salmon family, which is now a national second-level protected animal, which is commercially farmed and is unknown whether salmon is done or not. This variety grows in rivers at altitudes above 4300 perennial low temperatures, is not a native variety, and is said to have been brought from Europe by the British in 1866.
Salmon is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which can effectively reduce blood lipids and cholesterol, and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to protect the unsaturated fatty acids in salmon from being destroyed by high-temperature cooking, the modern diet is the most common way to eat raw. In our impression, salmon is generally placed on top of ice cubes, sprinkled with some mustard, dipped in some sauce to fishy can be eaten, more famous is Japanese sashimi. The chef uses a superb knife technique to slice and put together various shapes to make people look relaxed. Salmon grows in temperate cold waters with fewer parasites than tropical and subtropical fish, but it is a carnivorous fish, and all kinds of fish mollusks that hunt may parasitize various parasites, which will spread to the body, and eating raw will endanger the human body. Even the Most Sashimi-eating Japanese people started eating salmon sashimi in the 1980s, before cooking. Later, some norwegian experts used non-polluting feed for feeding, and the parasites in salmon were greatly reduced, becoming the mainstream, and Norway also became the first producer of salmon. Japan's current salmon sashimi is basically imported salmon.
Norwegian Atlantic Salmon Farm
The main markets for salmon are developed countries such as Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea, and Europe eats about 1 million tons per year, the United States 400,000 tons, and Asia 300,000 tons. China's economy is constantly developing, more and more people are accepting Western food culture, and sales are also increasing. According to customs statistics, in 2019, China imported 93,000 tons of salmon, most of which were high-quality Atlantic salmon, reaching 90,000 tons, accounting for 96%. It shows that now China's salmon is mainly in high-end banquets, and people with better economic conditions eat more and have not yet sunk. At another salmon forum, a domestic authority in this field said that in 2025, China's salmon sales are estimated to reach 200,000 tons, or even 400,000 tons.
Affected by the epidemic in 2020, the breeding supply chain has a chain reaction, and even some batches of salmon have been detected in vitro with the new crown virus, which has a significant impact on production and sales, and the data has fluctuated greatly. I'll just talk about the 2019 data that is publicly available. According to the annual report of Norway Mewi, the world's largest salmon dealer, the global supply of farmed salmon (including rainbow trout) exceeded 2.54 million tons in 2019, of which 2.3 million tons of Atlantic salmon were farmed. Only one-third of the farmed salmon catch is caught in the wild, with Pacific whitefish accounting for 56% of global catches. Now let's briefly mention the next few major salmon countries.
Norway. The world's first salmon farming country, salmon production, export volume are the first. Norwegian salmon production in 2019 was 1.2 million tonnes, with exports of 1.1 million tonnes and exports of NOK 70.1 billion (£6.1 billion). Most of the species farmed in Norway are Atlantic salmon. Norway is located in Northern Europe, and is the northwesternmost part of the European continent, deeply affected by the North Atlantic cold current from the Arctic, low temperatures all year round, cold and warm currents meet, seabed nutrients floating, can provide a large number of cold water small fish small shrimp mollusks to survive, these are the ideal food for salmon. The Scandinavian mountains are located on the edge of the Eurasian Plate, and the nearby waters are very deep, making them the main growing areas of wild Atlantic salmon. It is also the reason for the cultivation, it is said that some Atlantic salmon culture cages in Norway can reach a height of 40 meters, distributed on the coast for care, the far sea is deep, and there are too many unfavorable factors.
Salmon farms in Chile
Chile. Chile is now the second largest salmon farmer in the world and the second largest exporter in the world. Chile has a high variety of cultured salmon. According to the Chilean Ministry of Fisheries and Fisheries, in 2019, Chilean salmon production was 953,000 tons, of which 73.4% were 697,000 tons of Atlantic salmon, 176,400 tons of silver salmon, accounting for 18.5%, and rainbow trout were 79,500 tons, accounting for 8.3%. Chile is located in the southern hemisphere of South America, the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, with many coastal mountains, on the edge of the plate, and the nearby sea water is relatively deep. Chile is the longest country in the world, rich in climate zones, its southernmost point is deeply affected by the cold current from Antarctica, but also by the cold current from west to east, the southern is a temperate oceanic climate, with glacial tundra, the second Norway to escape. It introduced Atlantic salmon and Pacific silver salmon, which are now well developed and have formed large-scale culture in its south.
New Zealand. New Zealand is a major producer of the top salmon, the King Salmon. New Zealand is located in the southern hemisphere, and its southern part is deeply affected by the world's most powerful cold current, the west wind and cold current, and the waters are cold all year round, which is very suitable for salmon growth. Many parents know that now many of our domestic supermarkets mother and baby store shelves on the milk powder are New Zealand, many domestic milk powder liquid milk source is New Zealand, everyone believes in its quality, although the animal husbandry is very developed, but the industry is strong, pollution is very small. New Zealand's waters are affected by industry and agriculture, the sea area is very clean, and the introduction of monarch salmon in the South Island is very good, and now half of the world's king salmon is produced in New Zealand.
Alaskan whitefish
United States. The main salmon producing area in the United States is in Alaska, and Alaska is near the Arctic Circle, which need not be said. Alaska is relatively environmentally friendly, and salmon are predominantly caught in the wild. Whitefish is the largest of the five Pacific salmon produced in the United States, reaching 200,000 tons at good annual age, accounting for 60% of American salmon. Red salmon is the most valuable salmon species in the United States, ranking second in the United States in salmon production, but accounting for 80% of the world's red salmon production. Rainbow trout is not marked with a salmon logo in the United States, but its wild and farmed are very impressive, and it is often seen that American anglers on the Internet use the Luya method to catch rainbow trout in the wild.
China. There are wild salmon in northeast China, which can be used as a source of salmon. However, the amount is not large, and many of them are now included in the protection catalogue. In view of the fact that salmon prefer cold water, some salmon have been introduced as farms in some high-altitude parts of the country. The most we raise in China is the rainbow trout, which will not be repeated here.
Rainbow trout
The above is the collation and summary of the information I refer to, I hope that everyone will communicate and correct.